✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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swordsword

There are 144 resources that contain the exact keyword: sword
id title type
EMIP03227 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Sobania 6 mss
EMIP02268 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 269 mss
EMIP00033 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 8 mss
EMIP00480 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Kaleab Addis Project 52 mss
InEtn46931 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, 4693-1 mss
EMIP00454 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 170 mss
EMIP00240 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 30 mss
EMIP00280 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 103 mss
EMIP00073 Eugene, Museum of Natural and Cultural History of the University of Oregon, 10-844 mss
EMIP00297 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 113 mss
EMIP02292 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 286 mss
SHOr402 Hamburg, State and University Library Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, Cod. orient. 402 mss
EMIP00403 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Kaleab Addis Project 3 mss
EMIP00165 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 60 mss
EMIP00102 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 16 mss
EMIP00440 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Kaleab Addis Project 40 mss
EMIP02337 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 305 mss
EMIP02286 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 280 mss
EMIP03263 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Antippas 13 mss
EMIP00389 Alabama, Rudulph Collection, Rudulph Art Scroll 1 mss
EMIP02350 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 318 mss
EMIP00042 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 17 mss
EMIP00037 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 12 mss
EMIP00286 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 109 mss
EMIP00053 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 28 mss
EMIP00082 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 41 mss
EMIP00311 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 127 mss
EMIP02367 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 332 mss
EMIP03254 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Antippas 4 mss
EMIP00477 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 175 mss
EMIP00103 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 17 mss
InEtn660714 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, 6607-14 mss
EMIP00302 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 118 mss
EMIP00097 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 13 mss
EMIP02356 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 324 mss
InEtn40558 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, 4055-8 mss
EMIP03307 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Westbrook 8 mss
EMIP00305 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 121 mss
EMIP02089 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 140 mss
SHOr408 Hamburg, State and University Library Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, Cod. orient. 408 mss
BLorient481 London, British Library, BL Orient 481 mss
MMU001 Hamburg, Private collection of Dr Matthias Müth, MMU-001 mss
EMIP00166 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 61 mss
EMIP00054 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 29 mss
RDW007 Hamburg, Asien-Afrika-Institut, Fund RDW-007 mss
RDW006 Hamburg, Asien-Afrika-Institut, Fund RDW-006 mss
EMIP00113 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 22 mss
EMIP00040 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 15 mss
EMIP00341 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Walter Codex 2 mss
TFR001 Hude, TFR private collection, TFR-001 mss
EMIP00107 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 2 mss
EMIP00093 Williams, OR, Marwick Collection, Marwick Codex 23 mss
InEtn40559 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, 4055-9 mss
EMIP03238 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 466 mss
EMIP00249 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 39 mss
EMIP00390 Alabama, Rudulph Collection, Rudulph Art Scroll 2 mss
EMIP00433 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Kaleab Addis Project 33 mss
InEtn40556 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, 4055-6 mss
EMIP03258 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Antippas 8 mss
EMIP00039 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 14 mss
EMIP00261 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 84 mss
EMIP00242 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 32 mss
EMIP02075 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 126 mss
EMIP02341 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 309 mss
EMIP03282 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner 478 mss
EMIP00091 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 8 mss
EMIP00296 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 112 mss
InEtn53405 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, InEtn 5340-5 mss
EMIP00241 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 31 mss
EMIP00487 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Kaleab Addis Project 61 mss
EMIP00183 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 70 mss
EMIP00138 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 33 mss
EMIP00063 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 33 mss
EMIP00255 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 45 mss
EMIP00143 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 38 mss
EMIP00705 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 51 mss
EMIP00052 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 27 mss
EMIP00322 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 132 mss
EMIP02359 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 327 mss
EMIP03239 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 467 mss
EMIP00450 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 166 mss
EMIP00045 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 20 mss
EMIP00453 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 169 mss
EMIP00478 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 176 mss
EMIP02379 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 344 mss
EMIP02282 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 276 mss
EMIP00075 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 1 mss
EMIP00447 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Kaleab Addis Project 47 mss
EMIP00145 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 40 mss
EMIP03235 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 463 mss
EMIP02392 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 357 mss
InEtn40553 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, 4055-3 mss
EMIP01913 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Rohrbaugh Codex 2 mss
EMIP03231 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 456 mss
EMIP00139 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 34 mss
EMIP00258 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 81 mss
EMIP02138 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Belcher Walatta Ṗeṭros Codex 1 mss
EMIP00288 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 111 mss
EMIP00368 Alabama, Rudulph Collection, Rudulph Codex 1 mss
EMIP00137 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 32 mss
BNFet32 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 32 mss
EMIP00700 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 46 mss
EMIP00277 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 100 mss
EMIP00196 Williams, OR, Marwick Collection, Marwick Codex 34 mss
InEtn210327 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, 2103-27 mss
EMIP01964 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 015 mss
EMIP02372 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 337 mss
EMIP00327 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 137 mss
EMIP02366 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 331 mss
EMIP00377 Alabama, Rudulph Collection, Rudulph Codex 10 mss
EMIP00455 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 171 mss
EMIP00135 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 30 mss
EMIP00121 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 7 mss
EMIP02357 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 325 mss
EMIP02385 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 350 mss
EMIP00010 Williams, OR, Marwick Collection, Marwick Codex 6 mss
EMIP00089 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 6 mss
EMIP00136 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 31 mss
GAet8 Grottaferrata, Exarchic Greek Abbey of St. Mary of Grottaferrata, Crypt. Aet. 8 mss
EMIP02054 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 105 mss
EMIP00206 Williams, OR, Marwick Collection, Marwick Codex 44 mss
ESssb008 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Bet Ḥāwāryāt, SSB-008 mss
EMIP00613 Addis Ababa, Mekane Yesus Seminary Library, Mekane Yesus Seminary 13 mss
EMIP00076 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 2 mss
EMIP02004 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 055 mss
EMIP02041 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 092 mss
EMIP00260 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 83 mss
EMIP02397 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 362 mss
FSUor17 Frankfurt, Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt Ms. or. 17 mss
EMIP03276 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Antippas 26 mss
EMIP00274 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 97 mss
EMIP00320 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 130 mss
EMIP03262 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Antippas 12 mss
EMIP00115 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 24 mss
EMIP02058 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 109 mss
EMIP02084 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 135 mss
IVEf38 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef. 38 mss
EMIP03233 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 461 mss
EMIP00243 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 33 mss
BLorient615 London, British Library, BL Oriental 615 mss
YaleMs1 New Haven, Yale University, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Ethiopic 1 mss
YaleMs13 New Haven, Yale University, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Ethiopic 13 mss
YaleMs17 mss
BLorient12859 London, British Library, BL Oriental 12859 mss