✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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Calendaric Note

There are 71 resources that contain the exact keyword: CalendaricNote
id title type
BAVet22 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 22 mss
ESagm007 Gulo Maḵadā, ʾAgamyo Qǝddus Mikāʾel, AGM-007 mss
ESdz004 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Zayt Qǝddǝst Māryām, DZ-004 mss
InEtn66217 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, InEtn 6621-7 mss
BNFet9 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 9 mss
BLorient522 London, British Library, BL Oriental 522 mss
BNFet68 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 68 mss
ESagm010 Gulo Maḵadā, ʾAgamyo Qǝddus Mikāʾel, AGM-010 mss
IVEf83 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef. 83 mss
ESamm001 ʿAddigrat, ʿĀddigrāt Madḫāne ʿĀlam, AMM-001 mss
EMIP00464 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Kaleab Addis Project 48 mss
BNFet13 mss
CJN003 Hamburg, Private collection, CJN-003 mss
IVsuhtelen252 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Suhtelen 252 mss
EMML1844 Dabub Wallo, Dabra Ḥayq ʾƎsṭifānos, EMML no. 1844 mss
ESam007 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, ʾAsir Matirā, AM-007 mss
BAVet84 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 84 mss
IVEf110 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef. 110 mss
EMIP00209 Williams, OR, Marwick Collection, Marwick Codex 47 mss
ESdd039 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-039 mss
BAVet1 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 1 mss
ESktm012 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Kadiḥ Dabra Tawāḥǝdo Qǝddǝst Māryām, KTM-012 mss
IVorlov34 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Orlov 34 mss
EMIP00370 Alabama, Rudulph Collection, Rudulph Codex 3 mss
ESmqm011 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Dabra Maʿār Qǝddǝst Māryām, MQM-011 mss
BerOrOct59 Berlin, Berlin State Library, SBP, Ms. orient. oct. 59 mss
AG00001 ʿĀdwā, ʾƎndā ʾAbbā Garimā, ʾAbbā Garimā I mss
EMIP00487 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Kaleab Addis Project 61 mss
EMIP01970 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 021 mss
RNBefns14 Saint Petersburg, Rossijskaja Nacionalnaja Biblioteka, RNB Ef. n.s. 14 mss
EMIP00393 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 161 mss
ESaqg001 Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddi Qolqʷāl Giyorgis, AQG-001 mss
BAVet11 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 11 mss
EMIP02002 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 053 mss
IVorlov6 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV orlov 6 mss
BLadd16231 London, British Library, BL Additional 16231 mss
BAVet40 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 40 mss
MNC007 Veroli, Monumento Nazionale Abbazia di Casamari, MNC-007 mss
MNC012 Veroli, Monumento Nazionale Abbazia di Casamari, MNC-012 mss
EMIP00029 New Orleans, LA, Whisnant Collection, Whisnant Codex 1 mss
EMIP01976 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 027 mss
BAVet15 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 15 mss
EMIP00176 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 25 mss
BNFabb20 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 20 mss
EMML1292 Addis Ababa, Institute of Ethiopian Studies, MS 19 mss
IVorlov33 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Orlov 33 mss
EMIP00394 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, DeStefano Codex 2 mss
BAVet42 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 42 mss
ESum027 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, ʿUrā Qirqos, UM-027 mss
BAVet26 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 26 mss
IVorlov14 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Orlov 14 mss
BLadd16188 London, British Library, BL Additional 16188 mss
ESap001 Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddaqāḥarsi Ṗarāqliṭos, AP-001 mss
BNFabb111 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 111 mss
IVef36 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef. 36 mss
EMIP00314 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Nairobi Codex 1 mss
EMIP00024 Williams, OR, Marwick Collection, Marwick Codex 20 mss
BLorient570 mss
GotD781 Schleswig, Archaeological Museum Schloss Gottorf, D 781 mss
BNFabb134 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 134 mss
BAVet238 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 238 mss
MDA005 Addet, Private collection of Mamhǝr Dǝggu, EAP336/2/5 mss
FCCOSEth003 Cairo, Franciscan Center of Christian Oriental Studies, Eth. 3 mss
EYQG039 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾƎndā Yoḥannǝs Ḥādduš ʿAddi, EYQG-039 mss
BNFabb166 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 166 mss
BNFabb24 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 24 mss
EMDA167 Dabra Mārqos, Qarānǝyo Madḫāne ʿĀlam, G1-IV-326 mss
MALZ004 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-004 mss
MALZ007 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-007 mss
YaleMs18 New Haven, Yale University, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Ethiopic 18 mss
MNC015 mss