✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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Annunciation

There are 94 resources that contain the exact keyword: AT1002Annunciation
id title type
EMIP00239 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 29 mss
EMIP00328 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 138 mss
EMIP02377 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 342 mss
EMIP03245 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner 472 mss
EMIP00116 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 25 mss
EMIP00073 Eugene, Museum of Natural and Cultural History of the University of Oregon, 10-844 mss
EMIP00297 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 113 mss
EMIP02393 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 358 mss
EMIP02292 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 286 mss
EMIP00165 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 60 mss
EMIP02286 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 280 mss
EMIP00037 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 12 mss
EMIP02395 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 360 mss
EMIP02353 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 321 mss
EMIP00311 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 127 mss
EMIP02367 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 332 mss
EMIP02381 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 346 mss
EMIP03254 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Antippas 4 mss
EMIP00477 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 175 mss
EMIP00285 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 108 mss
EMIP00305 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 121 mss
EMIP02373 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 338 mss
EMIP00262 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 85 mss
EMIP00722 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 68 mss
EMIP02342 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 310 mss
BLorient481 London, British Library, BL Orient 481 mss
EMIP02360 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 328 mss
EMIP00050 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 25 mss
EMIP00078 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 37 (Weiner Codex 151) mss
EMIP00094 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 10 mss
EMIP02263 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 264 mss
EMIP00040 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 15 mss
EMIP00107 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 2 mss
EMIP00043 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 18 mss
EMIP03238 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 466 mss
EMIP00295 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Shover Codex 4 mss
EMML1832 mss
EMIP00112 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 21 mss
BNFet53 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 53 mss
EMIP00143 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 38 mss
EMIP03304 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Westbrook 5 mss
EMIP00238 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 79 mss
EMIP00154 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 49 mss
EMIP00110 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 5 mss
EMIP00293 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Shover Codex 2 mss
EMIP00450 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 166 mss
EMIP00338 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 148 mss
ESakm001 Gulo Maḵadā, ʾAmbasat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, AKM-001 mss
EMIP02345 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 313 mss
EMIP00253 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 43 mss
EMIP02392 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 357 mss
EMIP02386 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 351 mss
EMIP02247 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 248 mss
EMIP00152 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 47 mss
EMIP03249 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner 476 mss
EMIP00108 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 3 mss
EMIP00038 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 13 mss
EMIP00147 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 42 mss
EMIP02366 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 331 mss
EMIP00455 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 171 mss
EMIP00135 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 30 mss
Tanasee1 Ṭānā, Kǝbrān Gabrǝʾel, Ṭānāsee 1 mss
EMIP02343 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 311 mss
FSUor18 Frankfurt, Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt Ms. or. 18 mss
EMIP00380 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 156 mss
EMIP03300 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Westbrook 1 mss
EMIP02057 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 108 mss
EMIP00234 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 75 mss
EMIP00126 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 12 mss
EMIP00391 Alabama, Rudulph Collection, Rudulph Art Scroll 3 mss
EMIP00127 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 13 mss
EMIP00479 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Kaleab Addis Project 51 mss
EMIP00175 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 24 mss
EMIP00451 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 167 mss
EMIP02004 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 055 mss
EMIP00009 Williams, OR, Marwick Collection, Marwick Codex 5 mss
EMIP02397 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 362 mss
FSUor17 Frankfurt, Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt Ms. or. 17 mss
BNFabb105 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 105 mss
EMIP00148 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 43 mss
EMIP00036 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 11 mss
EMIP02265 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 266 mss
ESqs007 Sāʿsiʿ Ṣaʿdā ʾƎmbā, Qalāqǝl Māryām Ṣǝyon, QS-007 mss
EMIP00160 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 55 mss
AT1002Annunciation Annunciation auth
EMIP02388 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 353 mss
EMIP00174 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 23 mss
BLorient790 mss
BLorient639 London, British Library, BL Oriental 639 mss
CIA20024 Chicago, Art Institute of Chicago, AIC 2002.4 mss
BNFabb226 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 226 mss
CCRG001 Ethiopia, Č̣āč̣ara Giyorgis, CCRG-001 mss
YaleMs25 mss
EMIP01955 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 006 mss