✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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Correction

There are 72 resources that contain the exact keyword: Correction
id title type
BNFabb174 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 174 mss
BNFet8 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 8 mss
BMLacq812 Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML Acq. e doni 812 mss
ESaqg006 Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddi Qolqʷāl Giyorgis, AQG-006 mss
BNFabb137 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 137 mss
BNFabb72 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 72 mss
BNFet50 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 50 mss
SHOr408 Hamburg, State and University Library Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, Cod. orient. 408 mss
BNFabb195 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 195 mss
BNFabb9 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 9 mss
ESmy023 Gulo Maḵadā, Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs, MY-023 mss
BNFabb39 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 39 mss
ESam015 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, ʾAsir Matirā, AM-015 mss
ESmy004 Gulo Maḵadā, Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs, MY-004 mss
BNFet47 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 47 mss
BNFet1 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 1 mss
DSEthiop4 Egypt, Dayr as-Suryān, DS Ethiop. 4 mss
ESath007 Gulo Maḵadā, ʾArāʿro Takla Hāymānot, ATH-007 mss
ESaqg001 Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddi Qolqʷāl Giyorgis, AQG-001 mss
ESbqm005 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Māryām Māy ʾAbʾa, BQM-005 mss
ESsdgm006 Sāʿsiʿ Ṣaʿdā ʾƎmbā, Ṣabalā Dabra Gannat Māryām, SDGM-006 mss
ESkae011 Dagʿa Tamben, Kunāle ʾArbāʿtu ʾƎnsǝsā, KAE-011 mss
ESdd041 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-041 mss
ESmy026 mss
BNFabb20 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 20 mss
ESmy016 Gulo Maḵadā, Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs, MY-016 mss
Tanasee1 Ṭānā, Kǝbrān Gabrǝʾel, Ṭānāsee 1 mss
BNFabb202 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 202 mss
BNFet124 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 124 mss
ESbgy004 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Golʿa Dabra Bǝrhān Yoḥannǝs, BGY-004 mss
BMLor148 Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML Or. 148 mss
ESmy009 Gulo Maḵadā, Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs, MY-009 mss
BNFet6 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 6 mss
BMLacq776 Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML Acq. e doni 776 mss
BNFabb95 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 95 mss
BMLacq38 Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML Acq. e doni 38 mss
ESum042 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, ʿUrā Qirqos, UM-042 mss
BNFabb57 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 57 mss
BNFabb112 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 112 mss
BNFabb82 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 82 mss
BNFabb160 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 160 mss
BerOrOct1270 Berlin, Berlin State Library, SBP, Ms. orient. oct. 1270 mss
PetermannIINachtrag42 Berlin, Berlin State Library, Petermann II Nachtrag 42 mss
BNFabb99 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 99 mss
BNFabb122 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 122 mss
GotD781 Schleswig, Archaeological Museum Schloss Gottorf, D 781 mss
BNFabb78 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 78 mss
BNFabb90 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 90 mss
ESmy027 Gulo Maḵadā, Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs, MY-027 mss
BNFabb193 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 193 mss
SinaiEt001 Sinai Peninsula, Saint Catherine’s Monastery Sinai, Sinai Ethiopic 1 mss
Leicester210 Leicester, , Leicester, Library of the University College Leicester, 210 mss
SinaiEt003 Sinai Peninsula, Saint Catherine’s Monastery Sinai, Sinai Ethiopic 3 mss
BNFabb4 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 4 mss
SinaiNewEt001 mss
BNFabb28 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 28 mss
BNFabb156 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 156 mss
BNFabb157 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 157 mss
BNFabb154 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 154 mss
BLorient13265 London, British Library, BL Oriental 13265 mss
BNFabb24 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 24 mss
BNFabb145 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 145 mss
BLorient8815 mss
BLorient13266 mss
BNFabb13 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 13 mss
BLorient13278 London, British Library, BL Oriental 13278 mss
BLorient11718B mss
BNFabb186 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 186 mss
DHAS012 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, Dabra Hāllelo ʾƎndā ʾAbuna Sāmuʾel, DHAS-012 mss
BLorient12860 mss
BLorient2082 London, British Library, BL Oriental 2082 mss
DHAS022 mss