✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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Monastic Literature

There are 103 resources that contain the exact keyword: MonasticLiterature
id title type
BNFabb174 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 174 mss
ESmakm012 ʾƎndartā, Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MAKM-012 mss
EMML1614 Collegeville, Hill Museum and Manuscript Library, EMML1614 mss
LIT6278StoryOfAbelo History of the hermit ʾAbbǝlo work
ESgkm001 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Maḵodʿa Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, GKM-001 mss
LIT6233GadlaPawli Gadl za-qǝddus ʾabu Ṗāwli work
ESmakm091 ʾƎndartā, Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MAKM-091 mss
EMML6770 Collegeville, Hill Museum and Manuscript Library, EMML6770 mss
RNBefns18 Saint Petersburg, Rossijskaja Nacionalnaja Biblioteka, RNB Ef. n.s. 18 mss
ESmakm014 ʾƎndartā, Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MAKM-014 mss
IVorlov38 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Orlov 38 mss
BAVet84 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 84 mss
BNFet120 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 120 mss
IVorlov3 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Orlov 3 mss
BNFet79 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 79 mss
BNFet34 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 34 mss
ESdd036 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-036 mss
ESmakm004 ʾƎndartā, Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MAKM-004 mss
EMML6931 Collegeville, Hill Museum and Manuscript Library, EMML6931 mss
BLadd24993 London, British Library, BL Additional 24993 mss
EMML6921 mss
BDLclarkeor3 Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Clarke Or. 3 mss
EMML2836 Collegeville, Hill Museum and Manuscript Library, EMML2836 mss
BLadd16205 London, British Library, BL Additional 16205 mss
BAVet17 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 17 mss
BNFet159 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 159 mss
ESdd041 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-041 mss
EMML6592 Collegeville, Hill Museum and Manuscript Library, EMML6592 mss
ESdd049 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-049 mss
ESmakm083 ʾƎndartā, Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MAKM-083 mss
EMML7051 Collegeville, Hill Museum and Manuscript Library, EMML7051 mss
BAVet18 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 18 mss
ESdd027 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-027 mss
BNFet125 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 125 mss
LIT6074TwelveFathers ዘአርትዑ፡ ነገረ፡ ፲ወ፪ አበው፡ ጠበብተ፡ መንፈሳውያን፡ ተጋብኡ፡ ኅቡረ፡ ወተናገሩ፡ በበይናቲሆሙ። work
ESaqm010 Gulo Maḵadā, ʾAgarhǝse ʾAbuna Māmās, AQM-010 mss
IVEf28 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef. 28 mss
BAVcerulli223 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana Cerulli 223 mss
BAVcerulli37 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana Cerulli 37 mss
EMML6451 Collegeville, Hill Museum and Manuscript Library, EMML6451 mss
FSUor13 Frankfurt, Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt Ms. or. 13 mss
BNFet115 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 115 mss
ESdd016 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-016 mss
BNFabb139 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 139 mss
BAVet33 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 33 mss
BNFet114 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 114 mss
BLEthiopic4 London, British Library, BL Indian Office Collection MS Ethiopic 4 mss
ESam012 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, ʾAsir Matirā, AM-012 mss
RNBspbdaBII19 Saint Petersburg, Rossijskaja Nacionalnaja Biblioteka, RNB SPbDA B II 19 mss
BNFet157 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 157 mss
LIT6185DebatePawli Qāl za-darasa ʾabbā Ṗāwli baʾǝnta tawāśǝʾotu mǝsla Sayṭān work
LIT3989Aragawi ʾAragāwi manfasāwi work
LIT6237GadlaLanginos ገድል፡ ዘአቡ፡ ለንጊኖስ፡ ንቡረ፡ እድ፡ ዘደብረ፡ ማህው፡ work
LIT6458MashafaZ Maṣḥafa zenātihomu la-ʾabawina qǝddusān work
LIT6075DiscourseOnSoul ነገር፡ በእንተ፡ ዘይሰምዕ፡ በቍዔታ፡ ለነፍሱ፡ ወይበውእ፡ ውስተ፡ መንግሥተ፡ ሰማያት። work
LIT6264GadlaBabnoda Gadl za-ʾabuna qǝddus ʾabbā Babnodā work
LIT6457DersanMacarius Dǝrsān za-ʾabbā Yāʿqob za-zenawa ḥǝywata ʾabbā Maqārǝs work
BLorient781 London, British Library, BL Oriental 781 mss
BLorient757 London, British Library, BL Oriental 757 mss
BLorient782 London, British Library, BL Oriental 782 mss
ESdd048 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-048 mss
BLorient776 London, British Library, BL Oriental 776 mss
BLorient758 London, British Library, BL Oriental 758 mss
BLorient780 London, British Library, BL Oriental 780 mss
BLorient755 London, British Library, BL Oriental 755 mss
BLorient762 London, British Library, BL Oriental 762 mss
BLorient770 London, British Library, BL Oriental 770 mss
BLorient763 London, British Library, BL Oriental 763 mss
BLorient756 London, British Library, BL Oriental 756 mss
BLorient761 London, British Library, BL Oriental 761 mss
BLorient768 London, British Library, BL Oriental 768 mss
BLorient766 London, British Library, BL Oriental 766 mss
BLorient799 London, British Library, BL Oriental 799 mss
BLorient767 London, British Library, BL Oriental 767 mss
BLorient529 London, British Library, BL Oriental 529 mss
BLorient754 London, British Library, BL Oriental 754 mss
BLorient778 London, British Library, BL Oriental 778 mss
BLorient779 London, British Library, BL Oriental 779 mss
BLorient593 London, British Library, BL Oriental 593 mss
BLorient777 London, British Library, BL Oriental 777 mss
BLorient760 London, British Library, BL Oriental 761 mss
LIT5698GannatChapters Chapters by John Colobus work
LIT1948Mashaf Maṣḥafa Mār Yǝṣhāq work
LIT1399Filkes Filkǝsyos work
LIT1933Mashaf Maṣḥafa ḥāwi work
LIT1151Asceti Asceticon work
LIT1406Gadlaa Gadla ʾabaw qǝddusān work
LIT1313Discou Discourse of the 318 Fathers on the Trinity, eccl. work
LIT1908Masahe Mäṣaḥǝfta mänäkosat work
LIT4027Prohibitions Prohibitions for monks work
LIT4023Visions Za-tanabbaya ʾabbā Nabiyud manakos za-Dabra Sihat work
LIT4025Homily Nagar za-ʾabbā ʾEfrem work
LIT4029Apoph Apophthegmata by John Colobus work
LIT4838CollectioM Collectio Monastica work
LIT2228Ruleso Rules of Pachomius work
LIT2169Pateri Maṣḥafa zenāhomu la-ʾabaw work
LIT2266salota Ṣalota mǝnkʷǝsǝnnā za-yǝtnabbab laʿla danāgǝl work
LIT2400Talmid Talmid work
LIT2432Teachi Teaching of the 318 Nicene Fathers on the right faith and the monastic life work
LIT2050Nagara Nagara manakosāt work
UBTaeth8 Tübingen, Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, Tübingen Aeth. 8 mss
UBTaeth9 Tübingen, Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, Tübingen Aeth. 9 mss
LIT6911MalkeaAlam Malkəʾa ʿālam work