✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

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river

There are 338 resources that contain the exact keyword: river
id title type
INS0030AP ʿĀddaqāḥarsi Ṗarāqliṭos ins
LOC2967Ennary Ǝnnarya Gibe place
LOC2420Daga Daga place
LOC2063Cacaho Ḉäḉäho place
LOC2439Daka Daka place
LOC2447Daketa Daketa place
LOC2442Dakane Daḵane place
LOC2694Dinder Dinder place
LOC2506Dangi Dangi place
LOC2703Dirma Dirma place
LOC2069Caca Ḉaḉa place
LOC2007Bulbul Bulbula place
LOC2713Dobit Dobit place
LOC2970Ensaro Ǝnsaro place
LOC2195Congo Congo place
LOC2540Dara Dara place
LOC2667Didess Didessa place
LOC2674Dijjo Diǧǧo place
LOC2084Caha Čaha place
LOC2515Danqar Danqoro place
LOC2440Daka Daka place
LOC2546Darame Darāme place
LOC2213Daari Daʾari place
LOC2446Dakato Däkato place
LOC2561Darma Därma place
LOC2619Debne Debné place
LOC2547Daraqa Daraqa place
LOC2756Dura Durā place
LOC2224Dabed Dabed place
LOC2029Burqa Burqa place
LOC2987Erar Erär place
LOC2460Dalpee Ðalpeena place
LOC2052Buyya Buyya place
LOC2945Endali ʿƎndäli place
LOC2649Dender Dǝnder place
LOC2138Cay Ḉay place
LOC2736Dota Dota place
LOC2450Dalant Dälänta place
LOC2581Dawa Dawa place
LOC2521Danube Danube place
LOC2957Enkway Ǝnkway place
LOC2696Dinsa Dinša place
LOC2578Dasset Dasset place
LOC4694MayMat May Matare place
LOC4654MayAga May Agʿazen place
LOC4697MayMun May Muni place
LOC4127KorOmH Ḵor Om Ḥaǧär place
LOC4843Mojjo Moǧo place
LOC4687MayHus May Ḥusa place
LOC4402Magac Magač̣ place
LOC4823Millee Millee place
LOC4717MayWus May Wušate place
LOC4005Karib Kärib place
LOC4781Meri Mǝri place
LOC4708MaySad May Ṣadǝqan place
LOC4770Menna Mǝnnā place
LOC4550Maqi Mäqi place
LOC4026Kaswa Kaswa place
LOC4893Mugar Mugär place
LOC4690MayKer May Kerwah place
LOC4695MayMel May Mǝlaḥso place
LOC4020Kasam Kasam place
LOC4835Mofar Mofär place
LOC4784Merro Merro place
LOC4205Labqa Läbqa place
LOC4988Neri Neri place
LOC4418Magyac Magyača place
LOC4028Katar Katar place
LOC4014Karo Karo place
LOC4888MufarW Mufär Wǝha place
LOC4699MayNaf May Näfḥi place
LOC4841Mogara Mogaräb place
LOC4392Madbar Mädbära place
LOC4997Nili Nili place
LOC4705MayRub May Ruba place
LOC4304Limmu Limmu place
LOC4692MayLah May Lahlah place
LOC4580Mari Mari place
LOC4626Masno Mäsno place
LOC4682MayGwa May Gwaggwa place
LOC4085Kilett Kilǝtti place
LOC4069Kibis Kibiš place
LOC4908Muna Muna place
LOC4996Nile Nile place
LOC4334Lotill Lotilla place
LOC4465Maki Mäki place
LOC4560Marab Marab place
LOC4222Lagama Lagamara Gibe place
LOC4905Mullu Mullu place
LOC4685MayHej May Ḥǝǧǧa place
LOC4756MehSab Mǝḥṣab Alabu place
LOC4889Muga Mugā place
LOC4953Nagess Nägesso place
LOC4971Narit Narīt place
LOC4714MayWar May Wärʿi place
LOC4172Kuluff Kuluffo place
LOC4095Kistna Kistna place
LOC1483AnZare Anžäre place
LOC1797Baselo Bašǝlo place
LOC1363Alweha Alwǝha place
LOC1291Ahmar Ahmar place
LOC1488Aqaqi Aqaqi place
LOC1451Angar ʾAngār place
LOC1554Asar Ašär place
LOC1870Berr Bǝrr place
LOC1581Assam ʿAssäm place
LOC1786Baro Baro place
LOC1656Ayrarr Ayrarra place
LOC1782Barka Barka place
LOC1654AyneRo Ayne-Robi place
LOC1590Ataba Atäba place
LOC1529Arekwa Arekwa place
LOC1296Akemuj Akemuǧa place
LOC1924Birbir Birbir place
LOC1545Arno Arno place
LOC1975Borkan Borkänna place
LOC1803Batu Bätu place
LOC1617Awas ʾAwāš place
LOC1989Botor Botor place
LOC1789Barsan Barsanā place
LOC1934Bitino Bitino place
LOC1840Bembea Bembea place
LOC1301Akobo Akobo place
LOC1958Bonga Bonga place
LOC1452Angara ʾAngarab place
LOC1598Atbara Atbara place
LOC1613Awadi Awadi place
LOC1336Aleltu Aleltu place
LOC1799Baso Baso place
LOC1738Balasa Bäläsa place
LOC1494Aqobo Aqobo place
LOC1599Athara Athara place
LOC1737Balas Bäläs place
LOC1313Ala ʿAla place
LOC1823Bazo Bazo place
LOC1596Atayye Aṭayye place
LOC1473AnSeya Anṣǝya place
LOC1022Abbay ʾAbbāy place
LOC1910BeyaAd Beya ʿAday place
LOC1777Baress Bäressa place
LOC1917Bilate Bilate place
LOC1470Ansaba ʿAnsäba place
LOC5883Tamca Tämḉa place
LOC5178Qarn Qarn place
LOC5218Qilti Qilti place
LOC5984Tio Tīʿo place
LOC5137Qacams Qačamsare place
LOC5127Qabann Qäbänna place
LOC5357Rinzaf Rinzaf place
LOC5493Salima Salima place
LOC5815Sullo Sullo place
LOC5489Salet Ṣalet place
LOC5626Seda Seda place
LOC5925Tawlam Täwlämbä place
LOC5070Pangan Pangani place
LOC5790Sori Sori place
LOC5415Saday Saday place
LOC5993Tocoro Tocoro place
LOC5811Suha Suha place
LOC5098Pibor Pibor place
LOC5948Tensae Tǝnsaʾe place
LOC5140QadaHa Qada Hadar place
LOC5515Samarm Sämärma place
LOC5548Sankor Šänkorge place
LOC5221Qinna Qinna place
LOC5391Saati Säʿaṭi place
LOC5864Takkaz Takkaze place
LOC5726Sikina Šikina place
LOC5211Qesawe Qesawǝsta place
LOC5869Talas Talas place
LOC5029Obel Obel place
LOC5975Tigris Tigris place
LOC5850Tahali Tahali place
LOC5139Qaccin Qaḉḉine place
LOC5609Say Šay place
LOC5184Qarsa Qarsā place
LOC5654Sellar Ṣǝlläre place
LOC5338Rebb Rǝbb place
LOC5365Robi Robi place
LOC5462Saha Sǝḫʷā place
LOC5617Sayna Šayna place
LOC5312Ramis Ramis place
LOC5740Sinfa Šinfa place
LOC5958Terari Ṭǝrari place
LOC5956TequrW Ṭǝqur Wǝhā place
LOC5681Senega Senegal place
LOC5520Sambat Sambatyn place
LOC5148Qaha Qāhā place
LOC5273Qwalem Qwälema place
LOC5633Sefsef Šǝfšǝfit place
LOC5564Sar Šar place
LOC5697Setit Setit place
LOC5554Sapa Šapa place
LOC5972Tidan Tidan place
LOC5889Tana Tana place
LOC5761Sobat Sobat place
LOC5526Samma Šämma place
LOC5155Qalema Qalema place
LOC7295Gudla ጉድላ፡ place
LOC7296Lah ላህ፡ place
LOC7301Ganat ገነት፡ place
LOC7291Qacam Qač̣am place
LOC7208Gewa Gǝwā place
LOC7040Teqen Ṭǝqǝn place
LOC7113Godeb Godeb place
LOC7073Gindan Gindān place
LOC7287Galda Galdā place
LOC7056Fasam Faṣām place
LOC3184Gafars Gafarsā place
LOC3973KadaGo Kada Gona place
LOC3883Holata Holäta place
LOC3771Hanazo Ḥanāzo place
LOC3719Haday Häday place
LOC3909HurAbn Ḫur Abnakbāra place
LOC3117JaWeha Ǧä Wǝha place
LOC3245Jamjam Ǧamǧam place
LOC3268Ganaal Ganaalee place
LOC3023Fafan Fafän place
LOC3809Harre Harre place
LOC3727Haddas Ḥaddas place
LOC3386GedabT Gedäb-Ṭäd place
LOC3404Gelgal Gǝlgäl Gibe place
LOC3543Gojab Goǧäb place
LOC3340Jarrar Ǧärrär place
LOC3013Euphra Euphrates place
LOC3256Jamma Ǧämma place
LOC3443Geta Gǝta place
LOC3111Furfur Furfuro place
LOC3565Gollin Gollina place
LOC3364Jaweha Ǧäwǝha place
LOC3403Gelgal Gǝlgäl Abbay place
LOC3326Gargar Gärgär place
LOC3997Kanna Känna place
LOC3475Gihon Gihon place
LOC3961Juba Juba place
LOC3984Kali Kali place
LOC3452Gheoa Gheoa place
LOC3461Gici Giči place
LOC3269Ganaal Ganaalee Dida place
LOC3643Gumalo Gumalo place
LOC3338Jarra Ǧarra place
LOC3302GarabQ Garab Qolā place
LOC3156Jabjab Ǧabǧabe place
LOC3497JimmaG Ǧimma Gibe place
LOC3325Gargaf Gärgäf place
LOC3969Kabo Käbo place
LOC3675Guwang Guwang place
LOC3456Gibe Gibe place
LOC3634GullaT Gulla-Tämḉa place
LOC3688Gwalim Gwalima place
LOC3692Gwang Gwang place
LOC3484Gilo Gilo place
LOC3915Huursa Huursaa place
LOC3398Geestr Geestro place
LOC3615Gudar Gudar place
LOC3464Gidaab Gidaabo place
LOC3377Geba Gǝḇa place
LOC3359Gato Gato place
LOC3959Jordan Jordan place
LOC3730Hadsit Ḥadšīt place
LOC3619Gudi Gudi place
LOC3494Gimma Gimma place
LOC3645Gumara Gumārā place
LOC3467Gidda Gidda place
LOC3860Hiddek Hiddekel place
LOC3913Hursa Hursa place
LOC3077Ferafe Fǝrafǝra place
LOC3211Galeti Galeti place
LOC3322Jarer Ǧärer place
LOC3203Galana Galanaa place
LOC3347Gas Gaš place
LOC3579Gong Gong place
LOC3332Garno Garno place
LOC3553Jokaw Ǧokaw place
LOC3592GoroWa Goro Wänḉi place
LOC3180Gado Gado place
LOC3570Gombor Gombora place
LOC3415Jenjar Ǧǝnǧäro place
LOC3152Gabba Gabbā place
LOC6182Walmal ወልመል፡ place
LOC6839Zorat Zorʿāt / Zarʿāt place
LOC6264Wayet Wayǝt place
LOC6226Warat Wärat place
LOC6951Abya ʾAbyā place
LOC6627Fur Fur place
LOC6476Zengen Zǝngǝni place
LOC6318Woyma Woyma place
LOC6838Ekwa ʾǝkʷā place
LOC6275Wayto Wäyṭo place
LOC6625Yas Yās place
LOC6115WadiFa Wādī Fagat place
LOC6168Walaqa Wäläqa place
LOC6332Yabus Yabus place
LOC6902Hazo Hazo place
LOC6137Waga Wagā place
LOC6093WabiDe Wabi Destro place
LOC6380Yebart Yǝbärt place
LOC6201Wancet Wänḉǝt place
LOC6087Waamaa Waamaa place
LOC6491Ziya Ziya place
LOC6192Wambar Wämbära place
LOC6884Zamma Zamma place
LOC6875WhiteNile White Nile place
LOC6396Yordan Yordanos place
LOC6121WadiHo Wādī Howar place
LOC6536Angara ʾAngarab place
LOC6210Wanqa Wanqa place
LOC6129WadiRi Wādī Rimaʿ place
LOC6469ZegaWa Zega Wädäb place
LOC6876Nile Nile place
LOC6107WadiAb Wādī Abʾatu place
LOC6117WadiHa Wādī Ḥabīb place
LOC6131WadiZa Wādī Zabīd place
LOC6296Wengya Wengya place
LOC6519Wafadabbo Wafadabbo place
LOC6231Wari Wärʾi place
LOC6270Waynat Waynat place
LOC6430Zamit Zamīt place
LOC6484Zetta Žetta place
LOC6174Walga Walga place
LOC6901Kareb Kareb place
LOC6262Wayb Wäyb place
LOC6462Zebe Zǝbe place
LOC6850Takkaze Takkaze place
LOC6911Ca Ča place
LOC6094WabiMa Wabi Mäna place
LOC6008Tombak Tombakh place
LOC6295Welmel Welmel place
LOC6116WadiFa Wādī Falkat place
LOC6095WabiSa Wabi Šäbälle place
LOC6118WadiHa Wādī Ḥabūš place
LOC6048UasoNy Uaso Nyiro place
LOC6923Tul Ṭul place
LOC6898Wari Wari place
LOC6852Awas ʾAwāš place
LOC6448Zarema Zärema place
LOC6092Wabi Wabi place
LOC6088Waasoo Waasoo Nyiro place