✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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Christian Content

There are 74 resources that contain the exact keyword: ChristianContent
id title type
BLorient13263 London, British Library, BL Oriental 13263 mss
LIT5857HomilyTheophilus Homily by Theophilus of Constantinople on St Stephen the Protomartyr work
LIT5781MashafaAnkero Maṣḥafa ʾAnkǝro work
FSUor112 Frankfurt, Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt Ms. or. 112 mss
LIT6223KeflaAbaw Kǝfla ʾabaw work
LIT6064Lebol እነሆ፡ አጫጭር፡ ልቦለዶች work
AG00002 ʿAdwā, ʾƎndā ʾAbbā Garimā, ʾAbbā Garimā II mss
LIT6183EphremTr Dǝrsān za-darasa ʾabuna qǝddus ʾabbā ʾEfrem baʾǝnta za-tawallaṭa ʾarʾayāhu la-ʾƎgziʾǝna ʾIyasus Krǝstos ba-Dabra Tābor work
AG00001 ʿĀdwā, ʾƎndā ʾAbbā Garimā, ʾAbbā Garimā I mss
LIT6072Sewena ሰውና፡ ጉዞው፤ ሰብአዊ፡ ጉዞዬ፡ work
LIT6069Yayesmael የይስማኤል፡ ቍጥቋጦ፡ work
LIT6131Serat ሥርዐት፡ ቁመት፡ ዘሰናብት፡ ወዘዐበይት፡ በዓላት፡ work
FSUor111 Frankfurt, Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt Ms. or. 111 mss
LIT6068Sapira ሰጲራ፡ work
LIT6073Tebaba ጥበበ፡ ሥላሴ፡ work
LIT6065MenYelugn ምን፡ ይሉኝ። work
LIT6130CommPhilox ፈልክስዩስ ገብረ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ work
LIT6071Yaesrat የእሥራት፡ ዘመን፡ በአበሻ፡ አገር፡ የቴዎድሮስ፡ እሥረኛ፡ work
LIT5625TergSenaFet Tǝrgʷāme śǝna fǝṭrat work
AT1109MMWorker Miracle of Mary: Mary speaks to a worker auth
AT1108MMDaqseyos Miracle of Mary: Daqsǝyos auth
LIT5042MiracleBehor Miracle of Mary: Miracle of Bǝḥor, a disciple of ʾAmmoni, who sees the glory of the Virgin Mary work
LIT5064HEpA History of the Episcopate of Alexandria work
LIT5643MMAtrib3 Miracle of Mary: Apparition of Mary to Yoḥannǝs, the priest of the church of ʾAtrib work
LIT5017MiracleSophiaConfessor Miracle of Mary: Miracle of Sophia who distributed all her jewelry to the poor, and her husband who did not let her go to the church work
LIT1630Homily Homily on Simeon the Priest work
LIT1982Mashaf Mäṣḥafä ḍäḥay work
LIT4967Salotanadara Ṣalota nadarā work
LIT6688TeachingMysteries Teaching of Mysteries (general record) work
AT1145MMGarment Miracle of Mary: Miracle of the poor monk to whom Mary gave a garment auth
AT1146JoachimAnnaGrieving auth
LIT6809MEMiracleSickMonk Miracle of ʾEwosṭatewos on a sick monk from Dabra Māryām and ʾAbuna ʾAbsādi work
NLSms1894 Edinburgh, National Library of Scotland, Ms 1894 mss
BLorient15421 London, British Library, BL Oriental 15421 mss
BLorient8822 London, British Library, BL Oriental 8822 mss
BLorient12511 London, British Library, BL Oriental 12511 mss
BLorient8814 mss
BLorient12510 London, British Library, BL Oriental 12510 mss
BLorient12514 London, British Library, BL Oriental 12514 mss
BLorient13271 London, British Library, BL Oriental 13271 mss
BLorient5421 mss
LIT6937NagaraMarAmh Nagara Māryām (Amharic) work
LIT6938MasNuzazeAmh Maṣḥafa nuzāze (Amharic) work
BLorient13223 London, British Library, BL Oriental 13223 mss
BLorient13265 London, British Library, BL Oriental 13265 mss
LIT6942SalamLakiGalila Salām to places connected with the life of Jesus work
LIT6943PredicationsChr Predictions about the birth of Christ made by the Prophets work
BLorient12467 London, British Library, BL Oriental 12467 mss
BLorient8824 London, British Library, BL Oriental 8824 mss
BLorient4611 mss
BLorient9036 London, British Library, BL Oriental 9036 mss
BLorient8815 mss
BLorient3715 mss
LIT6946InvocationMary Invocation to the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ for protection work
BLorient13266 mss
NAR0207CurseThieves nar
BLorient8820 London, British Library, BL Oriental 8820 mss
LIT6947HymnJesus Hymn to Jesus Christ work
BLorient6466 London, British Library, BL Oriental 6466 mss
BLorient8821 mss
BLorient4930 London, British Library, BL Oriental 4930 mss
BLorient11188 mss
LIT6948PrayerEnemies Magical Prayer against Enemies work
BLorient8816 mss
BLorient8813 London, British Library, BL Oriental 8813 mss
BLorient8823 mss
BLorient12125 London, British Library, BL Oriental 12125 mss
LIT6956MalkeaMadAlam work
LIT6957HassabaHegg work
LIT6816MashafaSahay Maṣḥafa ̣Ṣ́aḥāy work
BLorient12110 mss
LIT6967PrayerPassion Prayer on the Passion of Jesus Christ, which Jesus revealed to Matilda, Bridget and Elizabeth work
BLorient13272 mss
LIT6971YahegennaYaserat work