✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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Chronography

There are 147 resources that contain the exact keyword: Chronography
id title type
LIT3857KingList King list E work
BDLpoc8 Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Poc. 8 mss
EMIP01022 Korär Muhǝr, Muhǝr ʾIyasus, Mihur Gedam 47 mss
ESsdm018 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Soṭā Dabra Salām Qǝddus Mikāʾel, SDM-018 mss
BAVet114 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth.114 mss
EMIP00715 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 61 mss
InEtn66217 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, InEtn 6621-7 mss
BDLaethe15 Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Aeth. e. 15 mss
BLorient522 London, British Library, BL Oriental 522 mss
EMIP01928 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 95 mss
EMIP02015 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 066 mss
BNFet50 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 50 mss
LIT6022Chronology Brief chronology of the Roman and Byzantine emperors work
BNFet13 mss
ESdd026 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-026 mss
EMML6285 Addis ʿAläm, ʾAddis ʿĀlam Māryām, MS EMML no. 6285 mss
BAVet61 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 61 mss
BLadd24995 London, British Library, BL Additional 24995 mss
EMML6252 Addis ʿAläm, ʾAddis ʿĀlam Māryām, MS EMML no. 6252 mss
IVorlov34 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Orlov 34 mss
IVorlov20 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Orlov 20 mss
EMIP00106 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 1 mss
ESfbm011 Gulo Maḵadā, Faqādā Māryām, FBM-011 mss
ESmqm011 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Dabra Maʿār Qǝddǝst Māryām, MQM-011 mss
BAVet88 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 88 mss
EMIP02088 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 139 mss
BNFet74 mss
BNFet149 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 149 mss
BNFet160 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 160 mss
ESdd042 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-042 mss
DW01 Goǧǧām, Dabra Warq, Dabra Warq 001 mss
BAVet54 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 54 mss
DSEthiop2 Egypt, Dayr as-Suryān, DS Ethiop. 2 mss
LIT6156OriginProphets On the chronology and the countries of origin of the Prophets work
EMIP00481 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Kaleab Addis Project 54 mss
EMIP02022 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 073 mss
EMIP00636 Addis Ababa, Mekane Yesus Seminary Library, Mekane Yesus Seminary 36 mss
DW03 Goǧǧām, Dabra Warq, Dabra Warq 003 mss
BAVet15 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 15 mss
BAVet69 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 69 mss
EMIP00456 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Abreham Adugna 1 mss
ESdd049 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-049 mss
IHA1379 Agaro / Aggārō, Agaro Šayḫ Kamal, SHK00008 mss
BAVet43 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 43 mss
BNFet64 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 64 mss
LIT6291HassabaRetu Ḥassāba rәtuʿ work
EMIP00653 Addis Ababa, Mekane Yesus Seminary Library, Mekane Yesus Seminary 53 mss
BLadd16217 London, British Library, BL Additional 16217 mss
EMML1374 Collegeville, Hill Museum and Manuscript Library, MS EMML no. 1374 mss
BAVet18 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 18 mss
FSUffhludolfII22 Frankfurt, Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Ms. Ff. H. Ludolf II, 22 mss
BAVet24 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 24 mss
BAVet106 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 106 mss
BMLor148 Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML Or. 148 mss
BLadd16220 London, British Library, BL Additional 16220 mss
BAVet33 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 33 mss
BNFabb105 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 105 mss
ESap001 Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddaqāḥarsi Ṗarāqliṭos, AP-001 mss
ESqs007 Sāʿsiʿ Ṣaʿdā ʾƎmbā, Qalāqǝl Māryām Ṣǝyon, QS-007 mss
EMIP00756 Ḉäläqot, Č̣alaqot Śǝllāse, Chelekot Silasie 15 mss
BMLacq38 Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML Acq. e doni 38 mss
LIT6042HassabaDemetros Ḥassaba Dǝmeṭros work
LIT3858KingList King list F work
LIT3855KingList King list C work
LIT3860KingList King list G work
LIT3850MashafaM Maṣḥafa miṭata bǝrhānāta samāy work
LIT3854KingList King list B work
LIT3861KingList King list H work
LIT3856KingList King list D work
LIT3859KingList King list F bis work
LIT3862KingList King list H bis work
LIT6023Computus መቅደመ፡ ሐሳብ፡ work
LIT3852KingList King list (general record) work
LIT3851Hassab We have written a computus that we will remember in order not to congregate with apostates... work
LIT3853KingList King list A work
LIT3141Hassab Maṣḥafa ḥassāb work
BNFet94 mss
LIT6043Hassab Computus from the beginning till the end of the World work
BLadd16252 London, British Library, BL Additional 16252 mss
EMIP00681 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 27 mss
NAR0101Moon Calculations and tables concerning the lunar phases nar
EMML1056 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Qǝddǝst Śǝllāse, MS 25 mss
BLorient812 London, British Library, BL Oriental 812 mss
BLorient810 London, British Library, BL Oriental 810 mss
BLorient811 London, British Library, BL Oriental 811 mss
BLorient813 London, British Library, BL Oriental 813 mss
BLorient809 London, British Library, BL Oriental 809 mss
BLorient570 mss
BLorient565 London, British Library, BL Oriental 565 mss
BLorient571 London, British Library, BL Oriental 571 mss
BLorient754 London, British Library, BL Oriental 754 mss
BLorient816 London, British Library, BL Oriental 816 mss
BLorient815 London, British Library, BL Oriental 815 mss
BLorient827 London, British Library, BL Oriental 827 mss
LIT5194Chronographicwork Chronographic Work work
LIT5633DadalDahay Ḍadāl Ḍaḥay work
LIT5188MashafaMadbal Maṣḥafa Madbal work
LIT1011Abusak ʾAbušākǝr work
LIT1171Awdana ʿAwda nagaśt work
LIT1195Bahrah Bāḥra ḥassāb work
LIT1811Liveso Lives of the Prophets and the Tribes of their Origin work
LIT4012Stars On various stars and their names work
LIT4690Chronology Chronology of Umayyad and Abbasid califs, of the Fatimids and Ayyubites until 659 H. work
LIT4145Onausp On auspicious and inauspicious days work
LIT4011Zodiac On the twelve signs of the zodiac work
LIT4514Motion On the motion of the sun during the several months work
LIT4686Chronology Chronology from ʾabbā Salāmā to Śarṣa Dǝngǝl work
LIT4694Zena ዝውእቱ፡ ዜና፡ ስሞሙ፡ ለአበዊነ፡ ሊቃነ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ዘለእስክንድርያ፡ work
BNFabb96 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 96 mss
BerOrOct238 Berlin, Berlin State Library, Ms. or. oct. 238 mss
BLadd19658 London, British Library, BL Additional 19658 mss
GotD781 Schleswig, Archaeological Museum Schloss Gottorf, D 781 mss
SinaiEt004 mss
SinaiEt006 mss
NLA19 Addis Ababa, Ethiopian National Archives and Library Agency, NALE 19 mss
NLA26 Addis Ababa, Ethiopian National Archives and Library Agency, NALE 26 mss
VBAb22sup mss
Unesco1105 Dima Giyorgis, Waynām Kidāna Mǝḥrat, UNESCO 11-05 mss
Unesco1106 Dima Giyorgis, Waynām Kidāna Mǝḥrat, UNESCO 11-06 mss
Unesco1107 Dima Giyorgis, Waynām Kidāna Mǝḥrat, UNESCO 11-07 mss
LIT6957HassabaHegg Ḥassāba ḥǝgg work
Unesco1108 Dima Giyorgis, Waynām Kidāna Mǝḥrat, UNESCO 11-08 mss
NLA87 Addis Ababa, Ethiopian National Archives and Library Agency, NALE 85 mss
BLorient13269 London, British Library, BL Oriental 13269 mss
LIT7040HassabaHegg Ḥassāba ḥǝgg work
BNFabb186 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 186 mss
LIT6826MoveFeasts On the computation of the moveable feasts during the 19-year cycle work
LIT6563HassabHeg Computus of the Law of God work
LIT6780NagaraA Nagara ʿāmat work
LIT6800HassabQadami Ḥassāb qadāmi work
LIT7051AmhCommChr Amharic Commentary on Chronography work
BLorient5085 London, British Library, BL Oriental 5085 mss
UppEt3 Uppsala, Uppsala University Library, O Etiop. 3 mss
LIT7107Divination work
LIT7108Astronomy work
LIT7109Moonrise work
LIT7110Kekros work
LIT7111Zodiac work
LIT7113Horoscopes work
DHAS004 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, Dabra Hāllelo ʾƎndā ʾAbuna Sāmuʾel, DHAS-004 mss
LIT7123Winds work
LIT7122Diagram work
DHAS012 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, Dabra Hāllelo ʾƎndā ʾAbuna Sāmuʾel, DHAS-012 mss
BAVet119 mss
BLorient2082 London, British Library, BL Oriental 2082 mss
BLorient12133 London, British Library, BL Oriental 12133 mss
LIT7139HassabaFi work