✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

Military

There are 133 resources that contain the exact keyword: military
id title type
PRS2287Ayyalah ʾAyyala Ḫāyle pers
PRS2401BalawTa Bäläw Täklä Haymanot pers
PRS2435Balcasa Bālčā pers
PRS2409BalayZa Balāy Zallaqa pers
PRS2068Arsenofi ʾArsonofisʾArsanofisʾArsanofes pers
PRS2927BukkoB Bukko pers
PRS2291AyyaluM ʾAyyalu Makʷannǝn pers
PRS2730BerruWa Bǝrru Wäldä Gäbrǝʾel pers
PRS2986cakkwal Čakkʷal Gǝzāw pers
PRS2402BalawTa Bäläw Täklä Haymanot pers
PRS8943Speedy Tristram Charles Sawyer Speedy pers
PRS8799seyyum Śǝyyum “Abba Gobäz” pers
PRS13362Potiphar Potiphar pers
PRS13096BayyanaKahsay Bayyana Kāhśāy pers
PRS13027Sturt Sturt pers
PRS13276Thyne W.K. Thyne pers
PRS9967Waldasa Wäldä Ṣadǝq pers
PRS9090TadlaAy Tädla Ayba pers
PRS11899Cawa Č̣awā pers
PRS11284GallyPassebosc François Gally-Passebosc pers
PRS11563Takwla Takʷǝlā pers
PRS11404Kar Karkārā pers
PRS11583Gozam Gʷažām pers
PRS11405Ferem Fǝrem pers
PRS11561Semyeshal Sǝmyǝšḥal pers
PRS11904Gembaro Gǝmbāro pers
PRS11402Anak ʾAnakʷe pers
PRS11578Barya Bāryā pers
PRS11582Sawaryana Ṣawāryāna Warmat pers
PRS11749Semon Sǝmʿon pers
PRS11597Saliman Ṣalimān pers
PRS11585Sawaryana Ṣawāryāna ʾAsyǝft pers
PRS11398Yesaka Yǝsakā pers
PRS11973Nar Nār pers
PRS11910Nar Nār pers
PRS11410Murray John Murray pers
PRS11757SeidMehmad Sǝʾid Mǝḥmad pers
PRS11800Senan Sǝnān pers
PRS11581Sawaryana Ṣawāryāna Narangare pers
PRS11586Sawaryana Ṣawāryāna Manbar pers
PRS11401Dagale Dagale pers
PRS11399Butale Butāle pers
PRS11801Qurban Qʷǝrbān pers
PRS11579Harb Ḥarb Gʷǝndā pers
PRS11403Haw Ḥawāre pers
PRS11587Sawaryana Ṣawāryāna Manasānǝst pers
PRS11580Sawaryana Ṣawāryāna Warmat ʿAbiyān pers
PRS11895Aqetzer ʾAqežar pers
PRS11560QastaNeheb Qasta Nǝhǝb pers
PRS11400Danokwe Danokʷe pers
PRS11972Terkw Tǝrkʷ pers
PRS11584Damot Dāmot pers
PRS11552Darso Darso pers
PRS11564Kwaram Kʷaram / Koram pers
PRS4013FasilGa Fāsil Garrām pers
PRS4014FasilW Fasil “Wäräñña” pers
PRS4702Giyorgis Giyorgis pers
PRS4058Feqrase Fǝqrä Śǝllase Habtä Maryam pers
PRS4971hadguGi Ḫadgu Gilagabǝr pers
PRS4942HabtaMi Habta Mikāʾel Habta Śǝllāse pers
PRS4095Fesseha Fǝśśǝḥa Krǝstos pers
PRS4901Gwangul Gwangul Bǝrru pers
PRS4241Gabrahe Gäbrä Ḥǝywät Mäšäšä pers
PRS1016AbarraG ʾAbarrā Gǝzāw pers
PRS1017AbarraK ʾAbarrā Kāśā Ḫāylu pers
PRS1913AnbasGa Anbäs Gama pers
PRS1019AbarraT ʾAbarrā Tadlā pers
PRS1056AbbabaA ʾAbbaba ʾAragāy pers
PRS1027AbbaWeq ʾAbbā Wǝqāw Bǝrru pers
PRS1936Anestasy Anǝsṭasyos pers
PRS7348Muehle Henri Mühle pers
PRS5217haylaMa Ḫayla Māryām Māmmo pers
PRS5043hamalmal Ḥāmalmāl pers
PRS5014Halibo Halibo pers
PRS5922Keflee Kǝfle ʿƎrgätu pers
PRS5621Iyasu Iyasu pers
PRS10403Yohanne Yoḥannǝs Ǧootee pers
PRS10436Yonael Yonāʾel pers
PRS10648Zasella Zaśǝllāse pers
PRS10437Yonael Yonāʾel pers
PRS3689eggegu Ǝǧǧǝgu pers
PRS3984Fanuel Fānuʾel pers
PRS3691egwalaA ʾƎgʷāla ʾAnbasā pers
PRS3999Faris Faris pers
PRS3399DastaSe Dästa Sǝbḥat pers
PRS6667Mangasa Mangašā Yǝlmā pers
PRS6609Malkea Malkǝʾa Krǝstos pers
PRS6625Mammas Māmās pers
PRS6562Makwanne Makʷannǝn Hābtawald pers
PRS6558Makwanne Makʷannǝn Dannaqa pers
PRS6565Makwanne Makʷannǝn Kǝnfu pers
PRS6569Makwanne Makʷannǝn Walda Yoḥānnǝs pers
PRS12797Kanisa Kanisā pers
PRS12100Zanbalo Zān Balo pers
PRS12445Kokab Kokab pers
PRS12371Qebato Qǝbǝʾato pers
PRS12769Wareza Warezā pers
PRS12372Lebso Lǝbso pers
PRS12731Didymos Didymos pers
PRS12767Gadissa Gadissā pers
PRS12638EustathiusPlacidus Eustachius Placidus pers
PRS12455Gote Ǧote pers
PRS12641Makonnan Makonnan pers
PRS12419Dismore W. Dismore pers
PRS12768Lenco Lenč̣o pers
PRS12377AmsalaKrestos ʾAmsāla Krǝstos pers
PRS12390Asgader ʾAsgādǝr pers
PRS12943SahayaLeda Ḍaḥaya Lǝdā pers
PRS12367Zagerum Zagǝrum pers
PRS12766Belema Belǝmā pers
PRS12406Gudzenko Anatolij Gudzenko pers
PRS12368Damo Damo pers
PRS12798Wellagoc Wǝllāğoč pers
PRS13535SardaK Sarḍa Krǝstos pers
PRS13775GabraHeywat Gabra Ḥǝywat pers
PRS13869GabraMi Gabra Mikāʾel pers
PRS13459AsfahaGabraMaryam AsfahaGabraMaryam pers
PRS13884Bisawwer Bisawwǝr pers
PRS13962Lockhart William Stephen Alexander Lockhart pers
PRS14151Zaiyasus Zaʾiyasus pers
PRS14174TaklaWald Takla Wald pers
PRS14175Giyorgis Giyorgis pers
PRS14176BahayleSellus Baḫāyla Śǝllus pers
PRS14177Manadelewos Manādǝlewos pers
PRS14178Zadengel Zadǝngǝl pers
PRS14179BatraMikael Batra Mikāʾel pers
PRS14180Qozmas Qozmās pers
PRS14181Yohannes Yoḥannǝs pers
PRS14183TaklaNabiyat Takla Nabiyāt pers
PRS14353Edwards pers
PRS14371Swaynn pers
PRS14430Stubbs pers
PRS14474JohnHills pers