✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
Help

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South-Arabian, Pre-Aksumite and Proto-Aksumite

There are 156 resources that contain the exact keyword: PreAks
id title type
RIE48 no repository data for RIE48 mss
RIE169 no repository data for RIE169 mss
RIE8846dasi no repository data for RIE8846dasi mss
RIE155 no repository data for RIE155 mss
RIE141 no repository data for RIE141 mss
RIE6466dasi Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, JE 2398 mss
RIE140 no repository data for RIE140 mss
RIE117 no repository data for RIE117 mss
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RIE49 no repository data for RIE49 mss
RIE8462dasi no repository data for RIE8462dasi mss
RIE116 no repository data for RIE116 mss
RIE75 no repository data for RIE75 mss
RIE128 mss
RIE88 no repository data for RIE88 mss
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RIE142 no repository data for RIE142 mss
RIE6467dasi Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, JE 2398 mss
RIE114 no repository data for RIE114 mss
RIE156 no repository data for RIE156 mss
RIE7886dasi Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, JE 114 mss
RIE115 no repository data for RIE115 mss
RIE157 no repository data for RIE157 mss
RIE101 no repository data for RIE101 mss
RIE143 no repository data for RIE143 mss
RIE129 no repository data for RIE129 mss
RIE89 no repository data for RIE89 mss
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RIE99 no repository data for RIE99 mss
RIE7819dasi Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, JE 1370 mss
RIE111 no repository data for RIE111 mss
RIE66 no repository data for RIE66 mss
RIE139 no repository data for RIE139 mss
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RIE8847dasi no repository data for RIE8847dasi mss
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RIE104 no repository data for RIE104 mss
RIE146 no repository data for RIE146 mss
RIE7884dasi Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, JE 241 mss
RIE112 no repository data for RIE112 mss
RIE67 no repository data for RIE67 mss
RIE8873dasi no repository data for RIE8873dasi mss
RIE106 no repository data for RIE106 mss
RIE98 no repository data for RIE98 mss
RIE107 no repository data for RIE107 mss
RIE59 no repository data for RIE59 mss
RIE113 no repository data for RIE113 mss
RIE65 no repository data for RIE65 mss
RIE7918dasi Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, JE 13 mss
RIE32 Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, JE 115 mss
RIE150 no repository data for RIE150 mss
RIE96 no repository data for RIE96 mss
RIE144 no repository data for RIE144 mss
RIE8677dasi no repository data for RIE8677dasi mss
RIE69 no repository data for RIE69 mss
RIE178 no repository data for RIE178 mss
RIE148 no repository data for RIE148 mss
RIE179 no repository data for RIE179 mss
RIE174 no repository data for RIE174 mss
RIE145 no repository data for RIE145 mss
RIE8845dasi no repository data for RIE8845dasi mss
RIE160 no repository data for RIE160 mss
RIE151 no repository data for RIE151 mss
RIE8683dasi Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, JE 4020 mss
RIE161 no repository data for RIE161 mss
RIE64 no repository data for RIE64 mss
RIE175 no repository data for RIE175 mss
RIE58 no repository data for RIE58 mss
RIE8837dasi no repository data for RIE8837dasi mss
RIE149 no repository data for RIE149 mss
RIE136 no repository data for RIE136 mss
RIE68 no repository data for RIE68 mss
RIE122 no repository data for RIE122 mss
RIE8809dasi Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, JE 3175 mss
RIE40 no repository data for RIE40 mss
RIE123 no repository data for RIE123 mss
RIE8836dasi no repository data for RIE8836dasi mss
RIE97 no repository data for RIE97 mss
RIE137 no repository data for RIE137 mss
RIE95 no repository data for RIE95 mss
RIE109 no repository data for RIE109 mss
RIE8682dasi Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, JE 2825 mss
RIE163 no repository data for RIE163 mss
RIE121 no repository data for RIE121 mss
RIE177 no repository data for RIE177 mss
RIE135 no repository data for RIE135 mss
RIE8810dasi Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, JE 3175 mss
RIE176 no repository data for RIE176 mss
RIE134 no repository data for RIE134 mss
RIE162 no repository data for RIE162 mss
RIE120 no repository data for RIE120 mss
RIE8461dasi Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, JE 4698+JE 2771 mss
RIE43 no repository data for RIE43 mss
RIE108 no repository data for RIE108 mss
RIE7919dasi no repository data for RIE7919dasi mss
RIE94 no repository data for RIE94 mss
RIE124 no repository data for RIE124 mss
RIE8645dasi Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, JE 3 mss
RIE80 no repository data for RIE80 mss
RIE130 no repository data for RIE130 mss
RIE8533dasi no repository data for RIE8533dasi mss
RIE90 no repository data for RIE90 mss
RIE118 no repository data for RIE118 mss
RIE8877dasi no repository data for RIE8877dasi mss
RIE47 no repository data for RIE47 mss
RIE119 no repository data for RIE119 mss
RIE8464dasi Lost. mss
RIE166 no repository data for RIE166 mss
RIE131 no repository data for RIE131 mss
RIE172 no repository data for RIE172 mss
RIE125 no repository data for RIE125 mss
RIE1244dasi no repository data for RIE1244dasi mss
RIE173 no repository data for RIE173 mss
RIE38 no repository data for RIE38 mss
RIE8833dasi no repository data for RIE8833dasi mss
RIE167 no repository data for RIE167 mss
RIE133 no repository data for RIE133 mss
RIE8673dasi no repository data for RIE8673dasi mss
RIE91 no repository data for RIE91 mss
RIE126 no repository data for RIE126 mss
RIE85 no repository data for RIE85 mss
RIE132 no repository data for RIE132 mss
RIE1245dasi no repository data for RIE1245dasi mss
RIE93 no repository data for RIE93 mss
RIE8018dasi no repository data for RIE8018dasi mss
RIE87 no repository data for RIE87 mss
RIE50 no repository data for RIE50 mss
RIE8832dasi no repository data for RIE8832dasi mss
RIE44 no repository data for RIE44 mss
RIE171 no repository data for RIE171 mss
RIE165 no repository data for RIE165 mss
RIE159 no repository data for RIE159 mss
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RIE164 no repository data for RIE164 mss
RIE8880dasi no repository data for RIE8880dasi mss
RIE170 no repository data for RIE170 mss
RIE45 no repository data for RIE45 mss
RIE8669dasi no repository data for RIE8669dasi mss
RIE86 no repository data for RIE86 mss
RIE8679dasi Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, JE 2964 mss
RIE92 no repository data for RIE92 mss
RIE7920dasi Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, JE 199 mss
RIE74 no repository data for RIE74 mss
RIE8879dasi no repository data for RIE8879dasi mss
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RIE60 no repository data for RIE60 mss
RIE8680dasi Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, JE 3983 mss
RIE8875dasi no repository data for RIE8875dasi mss
RIE8678dasi no repository data for RIE8678dasi mss
RIE127 mss