✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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Beta Esrael Literature

There are 79 resources that contain the exact keyword: BetaEsraelLiterature
id title type
LIT5840SecondEthioMaccabees The Second Ethiopian Book of Maccabees work
LIT5872NagaraMGen Nagara Muse (general record) work
IVEf39 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef. 39 mss
BLadd24996 London, British Library, BL Additional 24996 mss
BLadd24994 London, British Library, BL Additional 24994 mss
BNFabb30 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 30 mss
BLorient485 London, British Library, BL Oriental 485 mss
LIT3945ArdeetBE Maṣḥafa ʾardǝʾt work
LIT5874SabetSanbat Ya-sābǝʿt sanbat ṣalot work
LIT5928IncantationBE Yǝtbārak ʾƎgziʾabǝḥer ʾamlāka ʾƎsrāʾel ʾel kir kir … wa-ʾǝmbǝdbǝd ṣawʿā ṣǝwāʿku work
LIT5932PrayerBE Tazakkar ʾƎgziʾo kidāna ʾagbǝrtika kidāna ʾAbrǝhām work
LIT5927PrayerBE Yǝtbārak ʾƎgziʾabǝḥer ʾamlāka ʾƎsrāʾel wa-zǝntu wǝʾǝtu sǝmǝya za-nagarkǝwo... work
BLorient480 London, British Library, BL Orient 480 mss
BLorient751 London, British Library, BL Oriental 751 mss
LIT5931PrayerBE Yǝtbārak ʾƎgziʾabǝḥer ʾamlāka ʾƎsrāʾel za-gabra ʿābiya wa-mankara bāḥtitu work
LIT5923TenCommand Story of the Ten Commandments work
LIT5873NagaraMBE Nagara Muse (Beta ʾƎsrāʾel recension) work
LIT5841EthioMaccabBooks Three Ethiopian Books of Maccabees work
LIT5925HymnBE Yǝtbārak ʾƎgziʾabḥer ʾamlāka ʾƎsrāʾel wa-ʾǝzenu ṣǝdqaka ba-ʾafuya la-tǝwlǝda tǝwlǝd ʾǝska la-ʿālam... work
LIT5839ThirdEthioMaccabees The Third Ethiopian Book of Maccabees work
LIT5924CanticleBE Yǝtbārak ʾƎgziʾabǝḥer ʾamlāka ʾƎsrāʾel la-kʷǝllu za-śǝgā wa-lakʷǝllu manfas... work
LIT5926PsalmBE Yǝtbārak ʾƎgziʾabǝḥer ʾamlāka ʾƎsrāʾel liqāna malāʾǝkt Mikāʾel wa-Gabrǝʾel Surāfel wa-Kirubel... work
LIT5922Adam Sǝmʿu wa-lǝbbǝw ʾo-daqiqa ʾAddām work
LIT5871GadlaABE Gadla ʾAbrǝhām (Beta ʾƎsrāʾel recension) work
LIT5930PrayerBE Wa-yǝʾǝzeni ʾƎgziʾo ʾƎgziʾabǝḥer ʾamen buruk work
LIT1375Apocal Apocalypse of Ezra on the Kingdom of the Arabs work
LIT1819Maccab Maccabees, Book of (Ethiopic) work
LIT1120Apocal Apocalypse of Baruch work
LIT1915Mashaf Maṣḥafa ʾardǝʾt work
LIT1198Baqada Ba-qadāmi gabra ʾƎgziʾabǝḥer work
LIT1557Apocal Rāʾǝya Gorgoryos work
LIT4060GadlaYaII Gadla Yāʿqob (Recension II, Beta ʾƎsrāʾel Version) work
LIT4002Salotz Ṣalot za-Muse work
LIT4063GadlaYeII Gadla Yǝsḥāq (Recension II, Beta ʾƎsrāʾel Version) work
LIT2436Teezaz Tǝʾǝzāza sanbat work
LIT2053Nagara Nagara sanbat work
LIT2052Nagara Colloquy of Moses with God on Mount Sinai (Christian recension) work
LIT2024MotaMu Mota Muse work
BNFabb115 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 115 mss
BNFabb28 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 28 mss
BNFabb156 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 156 mss
BNFabb157 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 157 mss
BNFabb233 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 233 mss
LIT6939GadlaSosenna Gadla Sosǝnnā work
TAfait001 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 1 mss
TAfait002 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 2 mss
TAfait003 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 3 mss
TAfait004 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 4 mss
TAfait005 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 5 mss
TAfait006 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 6 mss
TAfait007 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 7 mss
TAfait008 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 8 mss
TAfait011 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 11 mss
TAfait009 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 9 mss
TAfait012 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 12 mss
TAfait013 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 13 mss
TAfait014 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 14 mss
TAfait015 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 15 mss
TAfait016 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 16 mss
TAfait017 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 17 mss
TAfait019 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University Sourasky Central Library, Faitlovich 19 mss
TAfait018 mss
TAfait020 mss
TAfait021 mss
BLorient8823 mss
TAfait022 mss
TAfait023 mss
TAfait024 mss
TAfait025 mss
TAfait026 mss
TAfait027 mss
TAfait028 mss
TAfait029 mss
LIT6625EzraBE Apocalyptic treatise of Ezra (first part) work
LIT6626ApocEzraBE Apocalyptic treatise of Ezra work
LIT6628Sabbath Ordination of the Sabbath work
LIT7103PrayOTprophets Collection of prayers of the prophets of the Old Testament (ወሶበ፡ ጸርሐ፡ ስመከ፡ ...) work
BNFet320 mss
BNFabb107 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 107 mss