✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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Aksumite

There are 158 resources that contain the exact keyword: Aks
id title type
RIE262 Lost. RIÉ 262 mss
RIE269 no repository data for RIE269 mss
RIE263 No location record, Museum of Zafar, RIÉ 263 mss
RIE282 no repository data for RIE282 mss
RIE277 no repository data for RIE277 mss
RIE280 no repository data for RIE280 mss
RIE273 Lost. RIÉ 273 mss
RIE257 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 257 mss
RIE267 Lost. RIÉ 267 mss
RIE243 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 243 mss
RIE200 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾAksum Ṣǝyon, RIÉ 200 mss
newBronze2 no repository data for newBronze2 mss
RIE214 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 214 mss
fiaccadori2007 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾAksum Ṣǝyon, Fiaccadori 2007 mss
RIE228 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 228 mss
RIE242 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 242 mss
RIE210 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾAksum Ṣǝyon, RIÉ 210 mss
RIE256 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 256 mss
RIE204 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾAksum Ṣǝyon, RIÉ 204 mss
RIE281 no repository data for RIE281 mss
RIE238 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 238 mss
RIE285 no repository data for RIE285 mss
RIE199 ʾAksum, Private house, RIÉ 199 mss
RIE252 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 252 mss
RIE246 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 246 mss
RIE198 ʾAksum, Church of the Four Animals, RIÉ 198 mss
RIE271and190 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾAksum Ṣǝyon, RIÉ 271 and 190 mss
RIE239 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 239 mss
RIE247 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 247 mss
RIE205 no repository data for RIE205 mss
RIE253 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 253 mss
RIE211 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾAksum Ṣǝyon, RIÉ 211 mss
RIE284 no repository data for RIE284 mss
RIE207 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾAksum Ṣǝyon, RIÉ 207 mss
RIE286 No location record, Sudan National Museum, RIÉ 286 mss
RIE213 Lost. RIÉ 213 mss
RIE245 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 245 mss
RIE212 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾAksum Ṣǝyon, RIÉ 212 mss
RIE251 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 251 mss
RIE206 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 206 mss
RIE279 no repository data for RIE279 mss
RIE223 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 223 mss
RIE278 no repository data for RIE278 mss
RIE237 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 237 mss
RIE250 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 250 mss
RIE196 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 196 mss
RIE244 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 244 mss
RIE182 Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, RIÉ 182 mss
RIE287 no repository data for RIE287 mss
RIE183 Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, RIÉ 183 mss
RIE197 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 197 mss
RIE236 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 236 mss
RIE222 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 222 mss
RIE208 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾAksum Ṣǝyon, RIÉ 208 mss
RIE234 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 234 mss
RIE220 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 220 mss
RIE181 Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, RIÉ 181 mss
RIE194 no repository data for RIE194 mss
RIE180 Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, RIÉ 180 mss
RIE184D No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 184 D mss
RIE221 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 221 mss
RIE235 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 235 mss
RIE209 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾAksum Ṣǝyon, RIÉ 209 mss
RIE231 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 231 mss
RIE225 Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, RIÉ 225 mss
RIE219 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 219 mss
RIE184 Lost. RIÉ 184 mss
RIE191 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾAksum Ṣǝyon, RIÉ 191 mss
RIE184A No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 184 A mss
RIE218 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 218 mss
RIE224 Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, RIÉ 224 mss
RIE230 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 230 mss
RIE226 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 226 mss
RIE184C No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 184 C mss
RIE266 No location record, National Museum of Aden, RIÉ 266 mss
RIE272 no repository data for RIE272 mss
RIE264 no repository data for RIE264 mss
RIE192 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾAksum Ṣǝyon, RIÉ 192 mss
RIE258 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 258 mss
RIE184B No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 184 B mss
RIE259 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 259 mss
RIE233 Lost. RIÉ 233 mss
RIE265 No location record, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, RIÉ 265 mss
RIE227 Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia, RIÉ 227 mss
RIE202 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾAksum Ṣǝyon, RIÉ 202 mss
RIE283 no repository data for RIE283 mss
RIE216 Lost. RIÉ 216 mss
RIE268 Lost. RIÉ 268 mss
RIE217 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 217 mss
RIE240 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 240 mss
RIE203 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾAksum Ṣǝyon, RIÉ 203 mss
RIE254 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 254 mss
RIE229 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 229 mss
newBronze1 no repository data for newBronze1 mss
RIE249 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 249 mss
RIE215 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 215 mss
RIE286A No location record, Sudan National Museum, RIÉ 286 A mss
RIE261 Lost. RIÉ 261 mss
RIE201 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾAksum Ṣǝyon, RIÉ 201 mss
RIE255 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 255 mss
RIE275 ʾAsmarā, National Museum of Eritrea, RIÉ 275 mss
RIE241 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 241 mss
LIT3312Unity Dialogue with Palladius on the Unity of Christ work
LIT3318Theodo Homily by Theodotus of Ankyra work
LIT3316Rheginus Homily by Rheginus of Constantia work
LIT3326Melchiz1 First homily by Cyril of Alexandria on Melchizedek work
LIT3331Cyril Homily of Cyril of Alexandria work
LIT3315Juvenal Homily by Juvenal of Jerusalem work
LIT3313Severus Homily by Severus of Synnada work
LIT3327Melchiz2 Second homily by Cyril of Alexandria on Melchizedek work
LIT3329Cyril Homily by Cyril of Alexandria work
LIT3314Acacius Homily by Acacius of Melitene work
LIT3324Severi Homily by Severian of Gabala work
LIT3322Letter Letter of Cyril of Alexandria to John of Antioch work
LIT3309Qerellos Qerǝllos work
LIT3330Cyril Homily by Cyril of Alexandria work
LIT3323Proclus Homily by Proclus of Cyzicus, Patriarch of Constantinople work
LIT3310Prosph Prosphoneticus to the Emperor Theodosius II on the right faith work
LIT3320Letter Letter of the Council of Ephesus to John of Antioch work
LIT3321Letter Letter of John of Antioch to Cyril of Alexandria work
LIT3319Firmus Homily by Firmus of Caesarea work
LIT3328Cyril Homily by Cyril of Alexandria work
LIT3317Eusebius Homily by Eusebius of Heracleia work
LIT3311Prosph Prosphoneticus to the Princesses Arcadia and Marina on the right faith work
LIT3325Gregory Symbol of faith by Gregory of Neocaesarea work
RIE274 Lost. RIÉ 274 mss
RIE260 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 260 mss
RIE248 No Institution record, No Institution record, RIÉ 248 mss
RIE276 no repository data for RIE276 mss
BLorient749 London, British Library, BL Oriental 749 mss
BLorient748 London, British Library, BL Oriental 748 mss
BLorient750 London, British Library, BL Oriental 750 mss
BLorient744 London, British Library, BL Oriental 744 mss
BLorient745 London, British Library, BL Oriental 745 mss
BLorient747 London, British Library, BL Oriental 747 mss
BLorient746 London, British Library, BL Oriental 746 mss
LIT1401Physio Physiologus (general record) work
LIT1349EpistlEusebius Epistle of Eusebius to Carpianus (generic record) work
LIT1786Letter Letter to the People of Constantinople work
LIT1036Agains Against Nestorius work
LIT1594Shephe Shepherd of Hermas work
LIT1785Letter Letter to the People of Alexandria work
LIT1115Antich Maṣḥafa mǝśṭir za-Heṗoliṭos baʾǝnta Krǝstos wa-baʾǝnta ḥassāwe masiḥ work
LIT4853Martyr Gadl wa-sǝmʿ za-qǝddus Mārqos wangelāwi work
LIT4854Sleepers Zenāhomu la-7daqiq za-kona samāʿt ba-wǝsta baʾat work
LIT4834Jeremiah Za-ʾErmǝyās nabiy work
LIT4865Homily Dǝrsān za-Felon ṗāṗās za-bǝḥera Qerṗesyās baʾǝnta baʿāl fāsikā work
LIT4857LifeofA Vita of St Antony work
LIT2228Ruleso Rules of Pachomius work
LIT2693CanR Canonical Responces by Peter of Alexandria work
LIT2220Refuta Refutation of the Synod of Chalcedon work
PRS2597Bazen Bāzen pers
PRS2175Astar ʿAstar pers
PRS11396Alita ʾAlitā pers
PRS10746Zoskale Zoskāles pers
PRS3731ellaAzg ʾƎlla ʾAzgʷāgʷā pers
PRS3812Endybis ʾEndybis pers
PRS3938Ezana ʿEzānā pers