✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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Inventory

There are 71 resources that contain the exact keyword: Inventory
id title type
ESbgy008 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Golʿa Dabra Bǝrhān Yoḥannǝs, BGY-008 mss
ESmhg004 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Ḥarennat Gabazayti Qǝddǝst Māryām, MHG-004 mss
ESmm004 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Māryām Makān, MM-004 mss
ESmy003 Gulo Maḵadā, Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs, MY-003 mss
BAVet66 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 66 mss
EMIP00477 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 175 mss
BNFet50 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 50 mss
BLorient481 London, British Library, BL Orient 481 mss
BLadd19342 London, British Library, BL Additional 19342 mss
RNBefns11 Saint Petersburg, Rossijskaja Nacionalnaja Biblioteka, RNB Ef. n.s. 11 mss
BNFet146 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 146 mss
BNFet112 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 112 mss
RNBdorn612 Saint Petersburg, Rossijskaja Nacionalnaja Biblioteka, RNB Dorn 612 mss
EMIP00113 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 22 mss
BLorient681 London, British Library, BL Oriental 681 mss
EMML1832 no repository data for EMML1832 mss
BNFet35 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 35 mss
BerOrFol117 Berlin, Berlin State Library, SBP, Ms. orient. Fol. 117 mss
BLorient508 London, British Library, BL Oriental 508 mss
BLorient520 London, British Library, BL Oriental 520 mss
ESgmg001 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Ganāḥti Qǝddǝst Māryām, GMG-001 mss
BLorient535 London, British Library, BL Oriental 535 mss
StuttgartOrientFol49 Stuttgart, Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart, WLB, Orient. Fol. 49 mss
BLorient521 London, British Library, BL Oriental 521 mss
ESamm008 ʿAddigrat, ʿĀddigrāt Madḫāne ʿĀlam, AMM-008 mss
BLorient643 London, British Library, BL Oriental 643 mss
BNFet71 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 71 mss
ESsmm001 Gulo Maḵadā, Samāz Māryām, SMM-001 mss
ESmr023 Gulo Maḵadā, Mǝdra Rubā Sǝllase, MR-023 mss
BNFet59 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 59 mss
BLorient451 London, British Library, BL Oriental 451 mss
BLadd16197 London, British Library, BL Additional 16197 mss
BLorient727 London, British Library, BL Oriental 727 mss
BLorient733 London, British Library, BL Oriental 733 mss
BAVet25 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 25 mss
EMML8897 No Institution record, No Institution record, MS EMML no. 8897 mss
BLorient518 London, British Library, BL Oriental 518 mss
BNFet131 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 131 mss
BLorient732 London, British Library, BL Oriental 732 mss
ESdma014 Gāntā ʾAfašum, ʾAḥzarā Māryām, DMA-014 mss
ESum027 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, ʿUrā Qirqos, UM-027 mss
BLorient487 London, British Library, BL Oriental 487 mss
ESaqg003 Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddi Qolqʷāl Giyorgis, AQG-003 mss
BDLlaudor204 Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Laud or. 204 mss
BNFet14 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 14 mss
BLorient491 London, British Library, BL Oriental 491 mss
BLorient644 London, British Library, BL Oriental 644 mss
BLorient650 London, British Library, BL Oriental 650 mss
BNFet80 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 80 mss
BLorient776 London, British Library, BL Oriental 776 mss
BLorient707 London, British Library, BL Oriental 707 mss
BLorient504 London, British Library, BL Oriental 504 mss
BLorient635 London, British Library, BL Oriental 635 mss
BLorient813 London, British Library, BL Oriental 813 mss
BLorient513 London, British Library, BL Oriental 513 mss
BLorient820 London, British Library, BL Oriental 820 mss
BLorient717 London, British Library, BL Oriental 717 mss
BLorient706 London, British Library, BL Oriental 706 mss
BLorient624 London, British Library, BL Oriental 624 mss
BLorient546 London, British Library, BL Oriental 546 mss
BLorient578 London, British Library, BL Oriental 578 mss
BLorient544 London, British Library, BL Oriental 544 mss
BLorient746 London, British Library, BL Oriental 746 mss
BLorient725 London, British Library, BL Oriental 725 mss
BLorient741 London, British Library, BL Oriental 741 mss
BerOrOct1270 Berlin, Berlin State Library, SBP, Ms. orient. oct. 1270 mss
BLorient674 London, British Library, BL Oriental 674 mss
BNFabb134 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 134 mss
BLorient8824 London, British Library, BL Oriental 8824 mss
BLorient8823 mss
Unesco0809 Bǝčäna, Bǝčanā Giyorgis, UNESCO 8-9 mss