✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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Record

There are 165 resources that contain the exact keyword: Record
id title type
BLorient824 London, British Library, BL Oriental 824 mss
EMIP01988 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 039 mss
ESmakm012 ʾƎndartā, Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MAKM-012 mss
ESap002 Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddaqāḥarsi Ṗarāqliṭos, AP-002 mss
EMIP02285 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 279 mss
EMIP00205 Williams, OR, Marwick Collection, Marwick Codex 43 mss
EMIP00280 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 103 mss
EMIP03115 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Hazarian Collection, Ms 98 mss
EMIP00670 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 16 mss
EMIP00114 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 23 mss
EMIP02067 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 118 mss
EMIP00251 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 41 mss
BNFet140 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 140 mss
SHOr402 Hamburg, State and University Library Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, Cod. orient. 402 mss
EMIP01927 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 94 mss
BNFet103 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 103 mss
EMIP02140 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Belcher Walatta Ṗeṭros Codex 3 mss
RNBefns15 Saint Petersburg, Rossijskaja Nacionalnaja Biblioteka, RNB Ef. n.s. 15 mss
ESdd010 mss
BAVet66 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 66 mss
ESgmg005 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Ganāḥti Qǝddǝst Māryām, GMG-005 mss
ESday002 ʾƎndartā, Dǝrbā Dabra ʾAbuna Yāsāy, DAY-002 mss
EMIP00246 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 36 mss
ESqsm009 Gulo Maḵadā, Qarsabar Qǝddus Mikāʾel, QSM-009 mss
ESmma001 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Maʿago ʾAmānuʾel, MMA-001 mss
ESamm001 ʿAddigrat, ʿĀddigrāt Madḫāne ʿĀlam, AMM-001 mss
ESqsm008 Gulo Maḵadā, Qarsabar Qǝddus Mikāʾel, QSM-008 mss
EMIP00463 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 172 mss
EMML713 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Ethiopian Orthodox Church Patriarchate Library, EMML 713 mss
ESbgy001 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Golʿa Dabra Bǝrhān Yoḥannǝs, BGY-001 mss
EMIP03307 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Westbrook 8 mss
EMIP02373 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 338 mss
BNFet2 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 2 mss
BLorient481 London, British Library, BL Orient 481 mss
EMIP01983 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 034 mss
EMIP02360 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 328 mss
BDLaethf1 Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Aeth. f. 1 mss
ESmr001 Gulo Maḵadā, Mǝdra Rubā Sǝllase, MR-001 mss
EMIP02139 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Belcher Walatta Ṗeṭros Codex 2 mss
BAVet1 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 1 mss
EMIP00266 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 89 mss
EMIP00087 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 4 mss
ESum029 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, ʿUrā Qirqos, UM-029 mss
EMIP00341 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Walter Codex 2 mss
ESmy008 Gulo Maḵadā, Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs, MY-008 mss
EMIP00043 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 18 mss
BNFet3 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 3 mss
EMIP03238 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 466 mss
BNFet76 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 76 mss
EMML1832 mss
EMIP00106 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 1 mss
BNFet35 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 35 mss
EMIP03197 Evanston, Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary, Garrett-Evangelical Theo Sem, Eth 3 mss
BLorient508 London, British Library, BL Oriental 508 mss
ESktm008 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Kadiḥ Dabra Tawāḥǝdo Qǝddǝst Māryām, KTM-008 mss
EMIP00342 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Ian Mac Lennan Codex 1 mss
AG00001 ʿĀdwā, ʾƎndā ʾAbbā Garimā, ʾAbbā Garimā I mss
EMIP03234 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 462 mss
BNFet1 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 1 mss
BNFet110 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 110 mss
ESap009 Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddaqāḥarsi Ṗarāqliṭos, AP-009 mss
EMIP02074 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 125 mss
BDLclarkeor3 Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Clarke Or. 3 mss
ESap035 mss
ESsdgm006 Sāʿsiʿ Ṣaʿdā ʾƎmbā, Ṣabalā Dabra Gannat Māryām, SDGM-006 mss
EMIP00676 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 22 mss
BAVet40 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 40 mss
ESakm001 Gulo Maḵadā, ʾAmbasat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, AKM-001 mss
IVorlov19 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Orlov 19 mss
EMIP00412 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Kaleab Addis Project 12 mss
BNFet27 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 27 mss
EMIP00374 Alabama, Rudulph Collection, Rudulph Codex 7 mss
BLadd16186 London, British Library, BL Additional 16186 mss
EMIP00713 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 59 mss
EMIP00250 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 40 mss
EMIP00191 Williams, OR, Marwick Collection, Marwick Codex 29 mss
ESakm003 Gulo Maḵadā, ʾAmbasat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, AKM-003 mss
ESath010 Gulo Maḵadā, ʾArāʿro Takla Hāymānot, ATH-010 mss
EMIP00195 Williams, OR, Marwick Collection, Marwick Codex 33 mss
ESmkl001 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Laqāy Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MKL-001 mss
EMIP02138 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Belcher Walatta Ṗeṭros Codex 1 mss
DW03 Goǧǧām, Dabra Warq, Dabra Warq 003 mss
EMIP00247 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 37 mss
BNFet26 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 26 mss
BNFet32 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 32 mss
ESbgy006 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Golʿa Dabra Bǝrhān Yoḥannǝs, BGY-006 mss
EMIP01964 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 015 mss
BNFet64 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 64 mss
BLorient733 London, British Library, BL Oriental 733 mss
BLadd11622 London, British Library, BL Additional 11622 mss
EMML8897 No Institution record, No Institution record, MS EMML no. 8897 mss
EMIP03117 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Hazarian Collection, Ms 100 mss
EMIP00346 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Alemu Codex mss
EMIP01984 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 035 mss
EMIP02043 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 094 mss
Tanasee1 Ṭānā, Kǝbrān Gabrǝʾel, Ṭānāsee 1 mss
BAVet95 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 95 mss
EMIP00004 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 3 mss
EMIP00333 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 143 mss
EMIP00683 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 29 mss
BNFet25 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 25 mss
BAVet24 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 24 mss
EMIP00132 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 18 mss
GAet8 Grottaferrata, Exarchic Greek Abbey of St. Mary of Grottaferrata, Crypt. Aet. 8 mss
EMIP02079 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 130 mss
BNFet119 mss
ESdma014 Gāntā ʾAfašum, ʾAḥzarā Māryām, DMA-014 mss
ESum027 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, ʿUrā Qirqos, UM-027 mss
EMIP03226 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Sobania 5 mss
EMIP02078 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 129 mss
EMIP02354 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 322 mss
ESbgy010 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Golʿa Dabra Bǝrhān Yoḥannǝs, BGY-010 mss
ESath002 Gulo Maḵadā, ʾArāʿro Takla Hāymānot, ATH-002 mss
BDLaethe1 Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Aeth. e. 1 mss
BNFet124 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 124 mss
ESqs005 Sāʿsiʿ Ṣaʿdā ʾƎmbā, Qalāqǝl Māryām Ṣǝyon, QS-005 mss
EMIP00076 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 2 mss
EMIP02141 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Belcher Walatta Ṗeṭros Codex 4 mss
BNFabb30 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 30 mss
ESsmm003 Gulo Maḵadā, Samāz Māryām, SMM-003 mss
EMIP00065 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 35 mss
EMIP00125 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 11 mss
EMIP00379 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 155 mss
GAet7 Grottaferrata, Exarchic Greek Abbey of St. Mary of Grottaferrata, Crypt. Aet. 7 mss
EMIP00161 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 56 mss
EMIP02081 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 132 mss
ESaqg003 Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddi Qolqʷāl Giyorgis, AQG-003 mss
EMIP00407 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Kaleab Addis Project 7 mss
EMIP00657 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 3 mss
EMML644 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Ethiopian Orthodox Church Patriarchate Library, EMML 644 mss
ESap001 Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddaqāḥarsi Ṗarāqliṭos, AP-001 mss
EMIP00115 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 24 mss
EMIP01985 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 036 mss
BNFet28 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 28 mss
ESdd038 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-038 mss
ESdmd001 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Dǝblā Yoḥannǝs Maṭmǝq, DMD-001 mss
BDLindinst4 Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Ind. Inst. Misc. 4 mss
EMIP00160 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 55 mss
EMIP00215 Williams, OR, Marwick Collection, Marwick Codex 53 mss
EMIP00696 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 42 mss
EMIP03233 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 461 mss
EMIP00174 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 23 mss
ESgbi002 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Gwāḥgot ʾIyasus, GBI-002 mss
ESap003 Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddaqāḥarsi Ṗarāqliṭos, AP-003 mss
EMIP00129 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 15 mss
BLorient581 London, British Library, BL Oriental 581 mss
BLorient788 London, British Library, BL Oriental 788 mss
BLorient762 London, British Library, BL Oriental 762 mss
BLorient557 London, British Library, BL Oriental 557 mss
BLorient813 London, British Library, BL Oriental 813 mss
BLorient667 London, British Library, BL Oriental 667 mss
BLorient673 London, British Library, BL Oriental 673 mss
BLorient660 London, British Library, BL Oriental 660 mss
BLorient717 London, British Library, BL Oriental 717 mss
BLorient529 London, British Library, BL Oriental 529 mss
BLorient712 London, British Library, BL Oriental 712 mss
BLorient778 London, British Library, BL Oriental 778 mss
BLorient784 London, British Library, BL Oriental 784 mss
BLorient578 London, British Library, BL Oriental 578 mss
BLorient777 London, British Library, BL Oriental 777 mss
BerOrOct1270 Berlin, Berlin State Library, SBP, Ms. orient. oct. 1270 mss
BAVet150 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 150 mss
Unesco0809 Bǝčäna, Bǝčanā Giyorgis, UNESCO 8-9 mss
EMIP01952 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 003 mss
BNFabb201 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 201 mss