✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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qušat

There are 106 resources that contain the exact keyword: qushat
id title type
LOC4986Nehbi Nǝḥbi place
LOC4358Maaqud Maʿāquddi place
LOC1284Agwaza Agwäza place
LOC7253Mengas Mǝngāś place
LOC7263AddiArba ʿĀddi ʾArbāʾā place
LOC7237MayHargas Māy Ḥārgas ʾƎndā Giyorgis place
LOC7194Qalaqel Qalāqǝl place
LOC7228Alasa ʾĀlʿāsā place
LOC7217Cahat Č̣ahāt place
LOC7245Mazaber Mazābǝr place
LOC7020Qarsabar Qarsabar place
LOC7158Agarhese ʾAgarhǝse place
LOC7227Tagoga Tagogā place
LOC7196Sawna Sawna place
LOC7043Abiy ʿĀbiya ʿĀddi place
LOC7278Bekot Bǝkot place
LOC7249Daraba Darabā place
LOC7265Qahen Qāḥen place
LOC7225Tansehe Tansǝḥe place
LOC7279Romanat Romānāt place
LOC7251AfMehyaw ʾĀf Mǝhyāw place
LOC7167Bet Bet Ḥāwāryāt place
LOC7161Agazna ʾAgaznā place
LOC7255Meesar Mǝʾǝsār Gwǝḥilā place
LOC7187Debla Dǝblā Siʿet place
LOC7244Lehusa Lǝḥuṣā place
LOC7241EndaHawaryat ʾƎndā Ḥawāryāt place
LOC7216Andel ʾĀndel place
LOC7164Kunale Kunāle place
LOC7170Ganahti Ganāḥti place
LOC7203Qandaro Qandāʿro place
LOC7277Qatana Qaṭanā 2 place
LOC7188Hawasi Ḥawāṣi place
LOC7155Masawo Masawo place
LOC7190Maydo Maydo place
LOC7180Sabala Ṣabalā place
LOC7272Awado ʾAwādo place
LOC7182BetaIyasus place
LOC7027Mati Matiʿ place
LOC7211Seddayto Sǝddayto place
LOC7022Sasahayto Sasaḥāyto place
LOC7235TahtayRuba Tāḥtāy Rubā place
LOC7172Qeta Qǝtā place
LOC7171Sasun Sāsun place
LOC7212Qiyahto ʿĀddi Qiyāḥto place
LOC7153Ahzara ʾAḥzarā place
LOC7223Makalo Makāʿǝlo place
LOC7156Embayto ʿƎmbayto place
LOC7206Koholo Koholo place
LOC7232Arabay ʿĀrabāy place
LOC7221Makoda Maḵodʿa place
LOC7230Qaqama Qaqamā place
LOC7268Rubakusa Rubāḵusā place
LOC7154Derba Dǝrbā place
LOC7184Laqay Laqāy place
LOC7234AmbaTahula ʾĀmbā Tahulā place
LOC7252Dabri Dabri place
LOC7197MayRaza Māy Rāzā place
LOC7257Addimhara ʿĀddimḥārā place
LOC7258Malakusayto Malakusayto place
LOC7219Qiat Qiʿāt place
LOC7260Gwahtarat Gwāḥtarāt place
LOC7247Addisu ʾĀddisu place
LOC7193Hangoda Ḥangodā place
LOC7202Sota Soṭā place
LOC7207MayMeri Māy Mǝʾri place
LOC7162Siet Siʿet place
LOC7270Qorrar ʾƎndā Māryām Qorrār place
LOC7200Manawat Manawat place
LOC7239MaySaadaq Māy Ṣaʿādā place
LOC7222DabraMaar Dabra Maʿār place
LOC7251Sahelo Ṣāḥǝlo place
LOC7157Araro ʾArāʿro place
LOC7179BetMuka Bet Muḵāʿ place
LOC7243Matab Māʿtab place
LOC7210MayAba Māy ʾĀbʾā place
LOC7185Baatti Baʿātti place
LOC7215MayCaw Māy Č̣aw place
LOC7055DD Dabra Dāmmo place
LOC7160Habib Ḥabib ʿAddi Ḥǝyāw place
LOC7026Samaz Samāz place
LOC7250Bahera Bāḥǝrā place
LOC7042EcMare ʿƎč Māʿre place
LOC7189Abreqo ʾAbrǝqo place
LOC7205BetMaka Bet Maḵāʿ place
LOC6518BetaP Beta Ṗarāqliṭos place
LOC6961Dandera Danderā place
LOC6967MayBaatti Māy Baʿātti place
LOC6548AddiQ ʿĀddi Qolqwāl place
LOC6968DabraMaso place
LOC6985Manabayti Manabayti place
LOC6942Agamyo ʾAgamyo place
LOC6522Gunda Gundāgunde place
LOC6960Ambasat ʾAmbasat place
LOC6971DabraGannat Dabra Gannat place
LOC6964MedraRuba Mǝdra Rubā/Dabra Zayt place
LOC6963Ura ʿUrā place
LOC6526Asir ʾAsir Matirā place
LOC7409Taqot Ṭāq̲ot place
LOC7435MayKwak Māy Kʷāḵ place
LOC7298Ambir Ambǝrsǝwā place
LOC7346Gewamara Ǧǝwāmāra place
LOC7350Guya Guyā place
LOC7446Alaqma ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā place
LOC7453Dangalat Dangalat place
LOC7455Hallelo Hāllelo place