✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

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Political

There are 525 resources that contain the exact keyword: political
id title type
PRS2110AsfaWas ʾAsfā Wasan pers
PRS2868Boucoira Jean Boucoiran pers
PRS2671BenyamW Bǝnyam Wärqǝnäh pers
PRS2274Aygabaz ʾAygabaz pers
PRS2116Asfahah Aṣfäḥa Ḥadgämbäsa pers
PRS2137Askal ʾAskāl pers
PRS2089Asaffat Asäffa Ṭǝlahun pers
PRS2525BasahAb Baššāh ʾAbboye pers
PRS2114AsfaYel pers
PRS2618Begin Menachem Begin pers
PRS2500BarkatG Barkat Gourad Hamdaou pers
PRS2330Badoglio Pietro Badoglio pers
PRS2925Brzezins Zbigniew Brzezinski pers
PRS2756Bevin Ernest Bevin pers
PRS2488Barakata Bäräkätä Ab Habtä Śǝllase pers
PRS2735Bertole Ettore Bertolè-Viale pers
PRS2690Berhana Bǝrhanä Mäsqäl Rädda pers
PRS2112AsfaWas ʾAsfā Wasan Ḫāyla Śǝllāse pers
PRS2121AsfawDa Asfaw Damṭe pers
PRS2907Brocchi Giovanni Battista Brocchi da Imola pers
PRS2194Assabber ʾAššabbǝr Gabra Ḥǝywat pers
PRS2065Arse ʿArse pers
PRS2342Bafana Bafäna pers
PRS2634BelenSa Bǝlen Sagada pers
PRS2508BaroTum Baro Tumsa pers
PRS2426Baqqala Bäqqälä Wäyya pers
PRS2539Batraha Batra Ḫāyl pers
PRS2646BenGuri David Ben-Gurion pers
PRS2043Armattoe Ralph Armattoe pers
PRS2614BeelaK Bǝʿǝla Krǝstos pers
PRS2167Aster ʾAster pers
PRS2985Cairoli Benedetto Cairoli pers
PRS2904Brice Charles Brice pers
PRS2693Berhane Bǝrhane Adonay pers
PRS2188AsratW ʿAśrat Wäldäyäs pers
PRS2011Arayas ʾArǝʾayā Śǝllāse Dǝmṣu pers
PRS2771Bidault George Bidault pers
PRS2592Bayyana Bäyyänä Wäldä Gäbrǝʾel pers
PRS2414BarheAs Bärhe Asmärom ʿUntura pers
PRS2130Asgade ʾAsgade pers
PRS2246Awnabyos ʾAwnābyos pers
PRS2490Barakat Bäräkät Habtä Śǝllase pers
PRS2200AssaggaK ʾAssaggāḵañ pers
PRS2973Byrnes James Byrnes pers
PRS2436Baldasar Baldasare pers
PRS2949Burghard William Edward Burghardt Du Bois pers
PRS2635BelenSa Bǝlen Sagada pers
PRS2701Berhanu Bǝrhanu Gämäda pers
PRS2405Balayha Bälay Ḫaylä Ab pers
PRS2917BrukeDa Bruke Dämisse pers
PRS2595Bayyana Bayyana Zāhlāy pers
PRS2493Barayuu Barayuu pers
PRS2098Asbehay Asbe Ḫaylu pers
PRS2924Brusasca Giuseppe Brusasca pers
PRS2226Atnatewo ʾAtnātewos pers
PRS2428Baqqalaa Baqqalaa Naḍii pers
PRS2102Asbo ʾAsbo pers
PRS8813Shamir Yitzhaq Shamir pers
PRS8986Stolypin Stolypin pers
PRS8027QebaKr Qǝbʾā Krǝstos pers
PRS8210Roosevel Theodore Roosevelt pers
PRS8755Seneddu Sǝnǝddu Gabru pers
PRS8209Roosevel Franklin Delano Roosevelt pers
PRS8406SalihAh Saliḥ Aḥmad Iyay pers
PRS8861Simon John Simon pers
PRS8516Sapanhi Sapanhi pers
PRS8058Radai Radāʾi pers
PRS8158Robel Robel pers
PRS8339SahayaL ፀሐየ፡ ልዳ፡ Ḍaḥaya Lǝddā pers
PRS8600SayfuMa Säyfu Maḫtämä Śǝllase pers
PRS8804seyyumS Śǝyyum Sǝbḥat pers
PRS8212RosNabi Ros Nabiyāt pers
PRS8602Sayfusa Sayfu Śahla Śǝllāse pers
PRS8957Stanley Edward Stanley pers
PRS8885Sisgayo Sisgāyo pers
PRS8681SeelaK Śǝʿǝla Krǝstos pers
PRS8796seyonMo Ṣǝyon Mogasā pers
PRS8544SarbaGo Sarba Golǧa pers
PRS8346sahlase Śahla Śǝllāse pers
PRS8746Semon Sǝmʿon pers
PRS8443SalvaKi Salva Kiir pers
PRS8801seyyumh Śǝyyum Ḥarägot pers
PRS8306assadiq aṣ-Ṣādiq al-Mahdī pers
PRS8278SablaWa Sabla Wangel pers
PRS8495SanbatM Sänbät Mäḥari pers
PRS8328saggaZa Ṣaggā Zaʾab pers
PRS8666Sebestya Sǝbǝstyānos pers
PRS8298asSadat Anwar as-Sadat pers
PRS8349sahlesa Śahle Ṣädalu pers
PRS8700Seguier Pierre Séguier pers
PRS8552sarsaKr Śarṣa Krǝstos (Śarḍo) pers
PRS8584sawaragg Šawāraggad Gadle pers
PRS8043Quale Justice Erling Quale pers
PRS8624Scheel Walter Scheel pers
PRS8261Saaldob Saʿāldobā pers
PRS8668SebhatA Sǝbḥat ʾAragāwi pers
PRS13293ArayaSellase ʾArʾayā Śǝllāse pers
PRS13294AzanaKrestos ʾAʾzāna Krǝstos pers
PRS13398Arkaledes ʾArkaledǝs pers
PRS13295WalattaSellase Walatta Śǝllāse pers
PRS13292WaldaGabreel Walda Gabrəʾel pers
PRS13291GabraHeywat Gabra Ḥǝywat pers
PRS9076Taddasa Taddäsä Gäbrä Mädḫǝn pers
PRS9345taytuBe Ṭāytu Bǝṭul pers
PRS9141TaklaGi Takla Giyorgis pers
PRS9023Sumioka Tomoyoshi Sumioka pers
PRS9058Taammer Täʾammǝrat Yǝggäzu pers
PRS9149Taklaha Takla Ḥawāryāt Takla Māryām pers
PRS9930WaldaKr Walda Krǝstos pers
PRS9492Thesiger Frederic John Napier Thesiger pers
PRS9910Waldaha Walda Ḥawāryāt pers
PRS9532Tito Josip Broz Tito pers
PRS9303Tasfaye Täsfaye Gäbrä Ǝgziʾ pers
PRS9130Takkala Täkkälä Wäldä Ḥawaryat pers
PRS9193Taklasa Takla Ṣādǝq Makʷǝriyā pers
PRS9869Waldsa Wald Śaʿālā pers
PRS9993WaldaZa Wäldä Zäṭaʿos pers
PRS9094TadlaO Tädla ʿObit pers
PRS9379TekaTul Teka Tulluu pers
PRS9320Tawabacc Tawābačč ʾAli pers
PRS9230Tammerat Tammǝrat Layne pers
PRS9653UmarMu ʿUmar Muḥammad Badurī pers
PRS9401TerdaG Tǝrdāʾ Gabaz pers
PRS9821Walallen Wälällǝññ Mäkonnen pers
PRS9091TadlaBa Tädla Bayru ʿObit pers
PRS9301tasfaye Ṭäsfaye Dägaga pers
PRS9276TasfaKo Täsfa Kokäb Maḫbär pers
PRS9093TadlaGw Tadlā Gʷālu pers
PRS9900WaldaGi Walda Giyorgis pers
PRS9636Umaral ʿUmar al-Bašīr pers
PRS9027Sunay Cevdet Sunay pers
PRS9872WaldaAb Wäldä Ab Wäldä Maryam pers
PRS9554Tomoyosh Sumioka Tomoyoshi pers
PRS9713Utmans ʿUṯmān Ṣāliḥ Sabī pers
PRS9992WaldaZa Wäldä Zäray pers
PRS9827Walatta Walatta ʾƎsrāʾel pers
PRS9154TaklaHa Takla Hāymānot pers
PRS9690Usman Aden C. Usman pers
PRS9851Walatta Walatta Qirqos pers
PRS9258Tasamma Täsämma Bälay pers
PRS9718Vair Guillaume du Vair pers
PRS9931WaldaLe Walda Lǝʿul pers
PRS9237tannaGa Ṭänna Gaššaw pers
PRS9300Tasfaya Täsfayä Däbässay pers
PRS9051Sylvain Bénito Sylvain pers
PRS9239TanseT Tanśe Māmmo pers
PRS9384telahun Ṭǝlahun Gǝzaw pers
PRS11870Terito Tǝrito pers
PRS11862Waldo Waldo pers
PRS11868Waldo Waldo pers
PRS11813Faris Fāris pers
PRS11925Amha ʾAmmǝḫā pers
PRS11865Baseleel Bāslǝʾel pers
PRS11657Aster ʾAster pers
PRS11891Bahrey Bāḥrǝy pers
PRS11344Tasfaezgi Tasfā ʾƎgziʾ pers
PRS11917Emardin ʾƎmardin pers
PRS11919Amha ʾAmmǝḫā pers
PRS11863Haddiyaasaeno Ḫaddiyā Asāʾeno pers
PRS11866TaklaSamuel Takla Sāmuʾel pers
PRS11864Yohanneso Yoḥannǝso pers
PRS11914MaryamSenqe Māryām Sǝnqe pers
PRS11869Halib Ḥalib pers
PRS11759Fayadlifos Fayādlifos pers
PRS11916Zoge Zoge pers
PRS11805Kummo Kummo pers
PRS11804Damakrestos Dama Krǝstos pers
PRS11888Eguale ʾƎgʷāle pers
PRS11951Maeqabo Maʿǝqabo pers
PRS11857Gumco Gumǝččo pers
PRS11918Zekro Zǝkro pers
PRS11913Menase Mǝnāse pers
PRS4017alFatah al-Fātaḥ pers
PRS4038Faure Félix Faure pers
PRS4152Fornerod Constant Fornerod pers
PRS4507GaradKe Gārad Kǝnfu pers
PRS4609Germacca Gǝrmāččaw Takla Ḥawāryāt pers
PRS4792Grabowsk Witold Grabowski pers
PRS4545Gaulle Charles de Gaulle pers
PRS4045Federzon Luigi Federzoni pers
PRS4417gafarp Ǧaʿfar pāšā Maẓhar pers
PRS4330GabraMa Gäbrä Mäsqäl Kǝfläʾǝgziʾ pers
PRS4166Francoy Francisco Franco y Bahamonde pers
PRS4363GabraWa Gabra Wald ʾƎngǝdā Warq pers
PRS4302GabraMa Gäbrä Mädḫǝn Ḥagos pers
PRS4531Garvey Marcus Garvey pers
PRS4803Graziani Rodolfo Graziani pers
PRS4941HabtaMi Habtä Mikaʾel pers
PRS4464gamalA Ǧamāl ʿAbdannāṣir pers
PRS4436Galawdew Galāwdewos pers
PRS4435Galawdew Galāwdewos pers
PRS4415gafarM Ǧaʿfar Muḥammad an-Numayrī pers
PRS4615Gershkow Leon Gershkowitz pers
PRS4631Getahun Getahun Nägaš pers
PRS4126Firmin Anténor Firmin pers
PRS4828Grevy Jules Grévy pers
PRS4797Granvill Granville pers
PRS4243GabraIy Gabra ʾIyasus pers
PRS4681Giolitti Giovanni Giolitti pers
PRS4651Gichuru James Gichuru pers
PRS4733Goebbels Joseph Goebbels pers
PRS4161Franchet Leopoldo Franchetti pers
PRS4562Geelleb Geelle b. Aḥmed b. ʿUmar “Battal” pers
PRS4357Gabrase Gabra Śǝllāse Bāryā Gābǝr pers
PRS4947Habtase Habtä Śǝllase Taffäsä pers
PRS4203gaama Ǧããmaʿ ʿAli pers
PRS4537Gassasa Gässäsä Ayyälä pers
PRS4222Gabraeg Gäbrä Ǝgziʾabǝḥer Moroda pers
PRS4717Gloucest Duke of Gloucester pers
PRS4607GermaWal GǝrmaWäldä Giyorgis pers
PRS4705Giyorgis Giyorgis pers
PRS4922habibb Ḥabīb b. ʿAli Mirāḥ pers
PRS4221Gabraeg Gäbrä Ǝgziʾabǝḥer Ḥagos pers
PRS4903Gwasen Gʷašǝn pers
PRS4395GabruG Gabru pers
PRS4303GabraMa Gäbrä Mädḫǝn Ḫaylä Maryam pers
PRS4499GannatZ Gännät Zäwde pers
PRS4625Getaccaw Getaččäw Bäqqälä pers
PRS4525Garmame Gärmame Nǝway pers
PRS4858Gudamo Gudāmo pers
PRS4495Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi pers
PRS4707Giyorgis Giyorgis Ḫǝruy pers
PRS4674Gilbert Théodore Gilbert pers
PRS4711Giyorgis Giyorgis Walda ʾAmid pers
PRS4653Giday Gidäy pers
PRS1455Afawarq አፈወርቅ፡ ወልደ፡ ማርያም፡ ʾAfawarq Walda Māryām አባ፡ መንዝር፡ ʾAbbā Manzər pers
PRS1878AmmehaI ʾAmmǝḫā ʾIyasus pers
PRS1891Amonewos ʾAmonewos pers
PRS1794AmanMik Aman Mikaʾel Andom pers
PRS1977AnzeMat Eduardo Anze Matienzo pers
PRS1921Andargac Andargaččäw Assäggǝd pers
PRS1954AnoreA ʾAnore pers
PRS1440AeliusG Aelius Gallus pers
PRS1925Andayl Andayl pers
PRS1998Aragawi Arägawi Bärhe (Bärhu) pers
PRS1090AbbeMah Abbe Maḥammad pers
PRS1973AnyaAny Anya Anya pers
PRS1848AmdaMi ʾAmda Mikāʾel pers
PRS1799Amanuel Amanuʾel Abraham pers
PRS1899AmsalaK ʾAmsāla Krǝstos pers
PRS1846AmdaMa ʿAmda Masqal pers
PRS1058AbbabaK ʾAbbaba Kabbada pers
PRS1880Ammeha Ammǝḫa Ḍäḥay pers
PRS1238Abete ʾAbete pers
PRS1770AltasIy ʾAlṭāš ʾIyāsu pers
PRS1895Amrb ʿAmr b. al-Munḏir pers
PRS1083AbbayHa ʾAbbāy Habta Ṣǝyon pers
PRS1777Alulaen ʾAlulā ʾƎngǝdā pers
PRS1093Abbeyye ʾAbbǝyye pers
PRS1774Alula ʾAlulā pers
PRS1875AmmehaA Ammǝḫa Abärra Kaśa pers
PRS1959Ansar Anṣar pers
PRS1900Amsale ʾAmsale pers
PRS1081AbbayA Abbay pers
PRS1923Andarge Andarge pers
PRS1283Abre ʾAbre pers
PRS1999Aragawi ʾAragāwi Sabagādis pers
PRS1896Amrb ʿAmr b. ʿUmayya aḍ-Ḍamrī pers
PRS7347Muhammad Muḥammad Ziyād Barrī pers
PRS7909Poincare Raymnod Poincaré pers
PRS7482NaodMo Nāʿod Mogasā pers
PRS7674Orlov Aleksandr Orlov pers
PRS7988Pueckler Hermann Pückler-Muskau pers
PRS7581Nimeiry Ǧaʿafar Nimeiry pers
PRS7738Passman Otto Passman pers
PRS7296Muhammad Muḥammad ḥaǧi Ibrahim ʿEgal pers
PRS7110Minaseh Minase Ḫaylä pers
PRS7590Nixon Richard Nixon pers
PRS7885PirzioB Alessandro Pirzio-Biroli pers
PRS7127MogasAs Mogäs Asgädom pers
PRS7593Nkrumah Kwame Nkrumah pers
PRS7250Muhammad Muḥammad Anwar as-Sādāt pers
PRS7467NagasiK Nagāśi Krǝstos Warada Qāl pers
PRS7331Muhammad Muḥammad ʿUmar ʿAbdallāh pers
PRS7061Michel Jean-Adolphe Michel pers
PRS7188Motalami Motalami pers
PRS7558NewayaK Nǝwayä Krǝstos pers
PRS7303Muhammad Muḥammad Ḥusnī Mubārak pers
PRS7376Muenir Ahmet Münir pers
PRS7338Muhammad Muḥammad ʿUṯmān Sirr al-Ḫatm pers
PRS7687Ouko Robert Ouko pers
PRS7415Mussolin Benito Mussolini pers
PRS7290Muhammad Muḥammad Duli pers
PRS7233Muhammad Muḥammad Aḥmad Maḥgūb pers
PRS7038Messmer Pierre August Joseph Messmer pers
PRS7334Muhammad Muḥammad ʿUmar Qāḍī pers
PRS7527NegestA Nǝgǝśt Adane pers
PRS7278Muhammad Muḥammad b. Naṣīr b. ʿUṯmān pers
PRS7646OlanaZo Olana Zoga pers
PRS7472Naggada Näggädä Gobäze pers
PRS7804Pestaloz Giulio Pestalozzi pers
PRS7794Peres Shimon Peres pers
PRS7585Niqolawo Niqolāwos pers
PRS7084Mikael Mikaʾel Ǝmmǝru pers
PRS7546Nehru Jawaharlal Nehru pers
PRS7697Padmore George Padmore pers
PRS7129MogoraD Mogora Dambalo pers
PRS7248Muhammad Muḥammad ʿAlī ʿUmaro pers
PRS7923Pompidou Georges Pompidou pers
PRS7197Muammar Muʿammar al-Qaḏḏāfī pers
PRS7122Mitsuru Toyoma Mitsuru pers
PRS7232Muhammad Muḥammad Aḥmad b. ʿAbdallāh al-Mahdī pers
PRS7140Molotov Vjačeslav Molotov pers
PRS7091Mikael Mikāʾel Sǝḥul pers
PRS7019MercaWa M. Warkee pers
PRS7368Mulugeta Mulugeta Ḥagos pers
PRS5335hezqeyas Ḥǝzqǝyās pers
PRS5276Helena እሌኒ፡ʾƎleni pers
PRS5912KeflaMa Kǝfla Māryām pers
PRS5572Ioel ʾIoʾel pers
PRS5954Kennedy Rose Kennedy pers
PRS5826Kadawerd Kadāwǝrd pers
PRS5953Kennedy John F. Kennedy pers
PRS5910KeflaMa Kǝfla Māryām pers
PRS5625IyasuMa Iyasu Mängäša pers
PRS5916KeflaWa Kǝfla Wāḥǝd pers
PRS5305heruyWa Gabra Masqal pers
PRS5814Kabbada Kabbada Mikāʾel pers
PRS5045hamalmal Ḥamalmāl Warq pers
PRS5924KefleNa Kǝfle Näsibu pers
PRS5878KasaKab Kaśa Käbbädä pers
PRS5222haylaMi Ḫāyla Mikāʾel ʾƎšate pers
PRS5748Johnson Wallace Johnson pers
PRS5812Kabbada Käbbädä Mängäša pers
PRS5929Keflo Kǝflo pers
PRS5745Johnson Lyndon B. Johnson pers
PRS5213haylaMa Ḫayla Māryām Gabre pers
PRS5928KefloK Kǝflo pers
PRS5815Kabbada Kabbada Tafari pers
PRS5205haylaMa Ḫāyla Malakot pers
PRS5624IyasuA Iyasu ʿAlämayyähu pers
PRS5958Kenyatta Jomo Kenyatta pers
PRS5193haydara Ḥaydarā pers
PRS10549Zakrest Zakrǝstos pers
PRS10307YelmaD Yǝlma Därässa pers
PRS10642ZaruG Zärʾu Gäsäsä pers
PRS10062Warqitu Warqitu pers
PRS10965ZaSellase Zaśǝllāse pers
PRS10286Yednaqa Yǝdnäqaččäw Täsämma pers
PRS10451Yosedeq Yosedeq Walda ʾAbib pers
PRS10726ZhuWei Zhu-Wei pers
PRS10261Yasina Yāsīn al-Gade pers
PRS10040WaqooG Waqoo Gutu pers
PRS10351Yeshaq Yǝsḥāq pers
PRS10661ZawdaB Zäwdä Bägrä Mädḫǝn pers
PRS10468YosefW Yosef Wärqǝnäh pers
PRS10343Yeshaq Yǝsḥaq pers
PRS10327Yeqaba Yǝʿqabanna pers
PRS10725ZhouEn Zhou Enlai pers
PRS10233Yamana Yamāna Krǝstos pers
PRS10076WasanS Wasan Sagad pers
PRS10056Warqena Warqǝnah ʾƎšate pers
PRS10149Wilson Woodrow Wilson pers
PRS10190Yaebik Yāʿǝbika ʾƎgziʾ pers
PRS10077WasanS Wasan Sagad pers
PRS10783Avalov Georgij Avalov PrinceGeorgij Avalov pers
PRS3696egziKe ʾƎgziʾ Kǝbrā pers
PRS3244Curzon Robert Curzon pers
PRS3443DeBono Emilio De Bono pers
PRS3031Carter Jimmy Carter pers
PRS3400DastaTa Dästa Taddäsä pers
PRS3457DeRossi Guido De Rossi pers
PRS3183Coolidge Calvin Coolidge pers
PRS3114Churchil Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill pers
PRS3521Denqenas Dǝnqǝnaš Mǝrč̣ā pers
PRS3546DialloT Diallo Telli pers
PRS3307DamaKre Dämä Krǝstos pers
PRS3812Endybis ʾEndybis pers
PRS3732ellaGab ʾƎlla Gabaz pers
PRS3743ElsaiGi Elsai Gidaada pers
PRS3708eleni ʾƎleni pers
PRS3505Demosthe Demosthenes pers
PRS3485DelbaIy Dǝlba ʾIyasus pers
PRS3891estifano ʾƎsṭifānos pers
PRS3486Delcasse Théophile Delcassé pers
PRS3452DeMarti Giacomo De Martino pers
PRS3459DeVecch Cesare Maria De Vecchi pers
PRS3879eslamSa ʾƎslām Sagad pers
PRS3463Debeladh Debela Ḍinsa pers
PRS3367Dargesa Dārge Śāhla Śǝllāse pers
PRS3636Dubrovsk Pjotr Dubrovskij pers
PRS3706eleni ʾƎleni pers
PRS3953Facta Luigi Facta pers
PRS3334Daneel Danǝʾel Taddäsä pers
PRS3956Fahradda Faḫraddawla pers
PRS3987Faqadas Fäqädä Śǝllase Ḫǝruy pers
PRS3652Dunkley Archibald Dunkley pers
PRS3238Cunha Nuno da Cunha pers
PRS3295Dagano Dagāno pers
PRS3862esatuWe ʾƎšatu Wǝbe pers
PRS3786endalkac ʾƎndālkāččaw Makʷannǝn pers
PRS3036CaselyH Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford pers
PRS3027Carnot Sadi Carnot pers
PRS3034Casciani Filippo Casciani pers
PRS3487DelitaM Delita Mohamed Dileita pers
PRS3356Daragot Daragot pers
PRS3287Dagalhan Dagalhān pers
PRS3503Demetros Dǝmeṭros pers
PRS3217Cox Sir Percy Cox pers
PRS3151Colbert Jean-Baptiste Colbert pers
PRS3978Fantahun Fäntahun Zarʾaṣǝyon (Gidäy) pers
PRS3227Crispi Francesco Crispi pers
PRS3115Ciano Galeazzo Ciano pers
PRS3671Eden Robert Anthony Eden pers
PRS3587Dionysiu Dionysius the Areopagite pers
PRS6274LeulSa Lǝʿul Sagad ʾAṭnāf pers
PRS6154Lamartin Alphonse de Lamartine pers
PRS6381Lugard Frederic Lugard pers
PRS6016Kitchene Horatio Herbert Kitchener pers
PRS6042Kokuryu Kokuryu Kai pers
PRS6616MallasZ Mälläs Zänawi pers
PRS6146Lagu Joseph Lagu pers
PRS6273Lessona Alessandro Lessona pers
PRS6250Lenin Vladimir Lenin pers
PRS6141Lagarde Léonce Lagarde pers
PRS6586MalakuT Mälaku Täfärra pers
PRS6430Macchiav Niccolò Macchiavelli pers
PRS6561Makwanne Makʷannǝn ʾƎndālkāččaw pers
PRS6670Mangestu Mängǝśtu Ḫaylä Maryam pers
PRS6429Macchia Enrico Macchia pers
PRS6668Mangasa Mangašā Yoḥannǝs pers
PRS6369Lubo Lubo pers
PRS6394Lumumba Patrice Lumumba pers
PRS6642MananAs Manan ʾAsfāw pers
PRS6458Magarsa Magarsa Barii pers
PRS6260Leontiev Nikolaj Stepanovich Leontiev pers
PRS6575Malaka Malʾaka Ḍaḥay ʾIyāsu pers
PRS6787MarsaYo Märša Yosef pers
PRS6272Lessana Lǝssāna Krǝstos pers
PRS6962Mboya Tom Mboya pers
PRS6584MalakuB Mälaku Bäyyan pers
PRS6563Makwanne Makʷannǝn Ḫāyla Śǝllāse pers
PRS6530Mahtama Māḫtama Śǝllāse Walda Masqal pers
PRS6198Laval Pierre Laval pers
PRS6330Lobanov Alexej Lobanov-Rostovskij pers
PRS6134LadokeA Samuel Ladoke Akintola pers
PRS6578Malakota Malakotāwit pers
PRS6115KwameNk Kwame Nkrumah pers
PRS6320Lishin Konstantin Lishin pers
PRS6636Mammoha Mammo Ḫaylu pers
PRS6463MagidA Maǧīd ʿAbbū pers
PRS6637MammoMa Mammo Mäzammǝr pers
PRS6554Makwanne Mäkwännǝn pers
PRS6354Loring William Wing Loring pers
PRS6306Lie Trygve Lie pers
PRS6649Mancini Pasquale Stanislao Mancini pers
PRS6650Mandela Nelson Mandela pers
PRS6054Korabiew Wacław Korabiewicz pers
PRS6351Loranso Loränso Tǝʾǝzaz pers
PRS6292LibanAm Liban ʾAmade pers
PRS6518MahmudS Maḥmūd Saʿīd Nawd pers
PRS6027Klotz Stephan Klotz pers
PRS6829Maryams Māryām Śǝnā pers
PRS6689MaoZedo Mao Zedong pers
PRS6864Mastawat Mastāwat pers
PRS6176Langrois Paul Langrois pers
PRS6026Klobukow Anthony Wladislas Kłobukowski pers
PRS6218Leagueo League of Nations pers
PRS6845MasfenK Mäsfǝn Kaśu pers
PRS6580MalakuA Mälaku Amanuʾel Bäyyan pers
PRS6628Mammo Māmmo pers
PRS12151Zakrestos Zakrǝstos pers
PRS12330GabraLeul Gabra Lǝʾul pers
PRS12851Afawarq ʾAfawarq pers
PRS12393GabraS Gabra Śǝllāse pers
PRS12388Bamulwer Bamul Wǝr pers
PRS12148Arzo ʾArzo pers
PRS12506Abaladengel ʾAbāla Dǝngǝl pers
PRS12401Ali ʿAli pers
PRS12352Aleb ʾAleb pers
PRS12399Delbaiyasus Dǝl Baʾiyasus pers
PRS12446Natoy Nātoy pers
PRS12219Hara Ḥarā pers
PRS12384Amato ʾAmato pers
PRS12456Fatema Fāṭǝmā pers
PRS12134ZaIyasus Zaʾiyasus pers
PRS12720Katamma Katammā pers
PRS12302HellaweKrestos Hǝllāwe Krǝstos pers
PRS12307Gedewon Gedewon pers
PRS12791Dawit Dāwit pers
PRS12792Nacco Nač̣č̣o pers
PRS12321Yaqob ያዕቆብ፡ pers
PRS12403Kamel Kamǝl pers
PRS12380QentesSeno Qǝnṭǝs Śǝnno pers
PRS12751AmdaHawaryat ʿĀmda Hawāryāt pers
PRS12450Bazabeh Bazzābbəh pers
PRS12402Agab ʾAgǝb pers
PRS12072WaldaAmlakAnbasat Walda ʾAmlāk pers
PRS12773Arse ʾArse pers
PRS12938Merrac dağğʾāzmāč Mǝrrāč̣ pers
PRS12356Urbat ʿUrbāṭ pers
PRS12298Fasiladas Fāsiladas pers
PRS12116Aboshager ʾAbo ʾAšǝgr pers
PRS12299Eraqlis ʾƎrāqlis pers
PRS12135Labasi Labāsi pers
PRS12772Eraqelis ʾEraqǝlis bitwaddad pers
PRS12308Demyanos Dǝmyānos pers
PRS12790TasfaIyasus Tasfā ʾIyasus pers
PRS12775Mammuye Mammuye pers
PRS12329Mammoye Māmmoye pers
PRS12323Arkalades ʾArkaledǝs pers
PRS12808WaldaTensae Walda Tǝnśāʾe pers
PRS12303GabraLeul Gabra Lǝʾul pers
PRS12324KanaferaKrestos Kanāfǝra Krǝstos pers
PRS12045Yohannes Yoḥannǝs pers
PRS13698Amsale ʾAmsāle pers
PRS13699TaklaH Takla Hāymānot pers
PRS13700Takka pers
PRS13701Hezqeyas Ḥǝzqǝyās pers
PRS13702WaldaD Walda Dāwit pers
PRS13736Frederick Frederick North pers
PRS14064Tewogolos pers
PRS14065Tewogolos Tewogolos pers
PRS14068TaklaMaryam Takla Māryām pers
PRS14076GabraNazrawi Gabra Nāzrāwi pers
PRS14088TaklaSyon Takla Ṣǝyon pers
PRS14124WebAyyahu Wǝb ʾAyyahu pers
PRS14125LamaMaggabi Lammā Maggābi pers
PRS14126Warqenah Warqǝnah pers
PRS14130NikodimosFantaWM Nikodimos Fantā Walda Mikāʾel pers
PRS14167MaataGwane Maʿāta Gʷane pers
PRS14168Delmangasa Dǝlmangaśā pers
PRS14180Qozmas Qozmās pers
PRS14233TawaldaM Tawalda Madḫen pers
PRS14383WaldaGiyorgis pers