✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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Literary

There are 148 resources that contain the exact keyword: literary
id title type
PRS14417MarigetaDamseEndalew Damḍa ʾƎndālaw pers
PRS2305BaaluG Baʿalu Gǝrmā pers
PRS2194Assabber ʾAššabbǝr Gabra Ḥǝywat pers
PRS2705Berhanu Bǝrhānu Zaryǝhun pers
PRS2152AsmaGiy ʾAṣma Giyorgis Gabra Masiḥ pers
PRS2887Brancale Nicolò Brancaleone pers
PRS2036Arkasel ʾArka Śǝllus pers
PRS2170AsterGa ʾAster Gānnoo pers
PRS8691segeDen Ṣǝge Dǝngǝl pers
PRS8385SalamMa Salām Makʷǝryā pers
PRS8871Sinoda Sinodā pers
PRS13425Fanta Fantā pers
PRS13639Yohannes Yoḥannǝs pers
PRS13524Marqos Mārqos pers
PRS13319TanseaKrestos Tanśǝʾa Krǝstos pers
PRS13090TebabaKrestos Ṭǝbaba Krǝstos pers
PRS13198Tewodros Tewodros pers
PRS13638HabtaMaryam Habta Māryām pers
PRS13015GabraKr Gabra Krǝstos pers
PRS13014TaklaHa Takla Ḥawāryāt pers
PRS13140Giyorgis Giyorgis pers
PRS13282GabGiy Gabra Giyorgis pers
PRS13274AmIya ʿAmda ʾIyasus pers
PRS13280WaldaAma Walda ʾAmānuʾel pers
PRS13304GabAm Gabra ʾAmlāk pers
PRS13420WaldaIyasusScribe Walda ʾIyasus pers
PRS13281HayMar Ḫayla Māryām pers
PRS13424GabraMaryamScribe Gabra Māryām pers
PRS9149Taklaha Takla Ḥawāryāt Takla Māryām pers
PRS9194Taklase Takla Śǝllāse pers
PRS9173TaklaIy Nagaroo pers
PRS9161TaklaHa Takla Hāymānot (the Younger) pers
PRS9347TayyaGa Tāyya Gabra Māryām pers
PRS11347TaklaHay Takla Hāymānot pers
PRS11071GabraK Gabra Krǝstos pers
PRS11012Gad Gād pers
PRS11285WaldaK Walda Kiros pers
PRS11655WakaDengel Wākā Dǝngǝl pers
PRS11654EsbaGiyorgis ʿƎsba Giyorgis pers
PRS11930Gabramikael Gabra Mikāʾel pers
PRS11231AsrataM ʿAśrāta Māryām pers
PRS11228Yaeqob Yāʿqob pers
PRS11010Samuel Sāmuʾel pers
PRS11011Natan Nātān pers
PRS4609Germacca Gǝrmāččaw Takla Ḥawāryāt pers
PRS4363GabraWa Gabra Wald ʾƎngǝdā Warq pers
PRS4231Gabraha Gabra Ḥannā pers
PRS4964haddis Ḥaddis ʾAlamāyyahu pers
PRS4359Gabrase Gabra Śǝllāse Walda ʾAragāy pers
PRS4946Habtase Habtä Śǝllase pers
PRS4711Giyorgis Giyorgis Walda ʾAmid pers
PRS4219Gabraeg Gabra ʾƎgziʾabǝḥer ʾElyās pers
PRS4253GabraIy Gabra Yasus Ḥaylu pers
PRS1462Afnin ʾAfnin pers
PRS1089AbbeGub ʾAbbe Gubaññā pers
PRS1013Abalfara ʾAbalfarag pers
PRS1004AbabaTa ʾAbabā Tasfā Giyorgis pers
PRS1441Aemero ʾAʾǝmǝro pers
PRS1007Abagaz ʾAbagāz pers
PRS1451Afawarq ʾAfawarq Gabra ʾIyasus pers
PRS1012Abalez ʾAbalǝz pers
PRS7077Mikael Mikāʾel pers
PRS7973PseudoD Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite pers
PRS7809Peter Peter pers
PRS7774PawlosN Ṗāwlos Ñoñño pers
PRS7056Michael Michael the Syrian pers
PRS5503Ibnatt Abū-l-Faraǧ ibn aṭ-Ṭayyib pers
PRS5187hawarya Ḥawāryā Krǝstos pers
PRS5907KeflaGi Kǝfla Giyorgis pers
PRS5305heruyWa Gabra Masqal pers
PRS5814Kabbada Kabbada Mikāʾel pers
PRS5941KenfaMi Kǝnfa Mikāʾǝl pers
PRS5983KidanaW Kidāna Wald Kǝfle pers
PRS5728Johnof John of Ephesus pers
PRS10464YosefN Yosef Nǝguśe pers
PRS10791Klestiyanos Kǝlstiyanos liqa ṗāṗāsāt za-hagara Rome ʿĀbāy pers
PRS10369Yoftahe Yoftāhe Nǝguśe pers
PRS10056Warqena Warqǝnah ʾƎšate pers
PRS3244Curzon Robert Curzon pers
PRS3271Dabbaba Dabbaba Sayfu pers
PRS3976Fanta Fantā pers
PRS3340Dannacca Daññaččaw Warqu pers
PRS3887estazya ʾƎsṭazyā pers
PRS3754Elyasha ʾElyās Ḫāylu pers
PRS6160Lamlam Lamlam pers
PRS6561Makwanne Makʷannǝn ʾƎndālkāččaw pers
PRS6164Lammaha Lammā Ḫaylu Walda Tārik pers
PRS6530Mahtama Māḫtama Śǝllāse Walda Masqal pers
PRS6978Meherka Mǝhǝrkā Dǝngǝl pers
PRS6671Mangestu Mangǝśtu Lammā pers
PRS12740Qirqos Qirqos pers
PRS12810Demetros Dǝmeṭros pers
PRS12028WaldaAr Walda ʾAragāwi pers
PRS12912BooneT Thomas Boone pers
PRS12671WaldaMikael Walda Mikāʾel pers
PRS12508Zawangel Zawangel pers
PRS12532WaldaAragay Walda ʾAragāy pers
PRS12507Kasa Kāsā pers
PRS12667WaldaMaryam Walda Māryām pers
PRS12621ZaraYaeqob Zarʾa Yāʿqob pers
PRS12789Demetros Dǝmeṭros pers
PRS12712Petros Ṗeṭros pers
PRS12913BooneW William Boone pers
PRS12448KidanaMaryam Kidāna Māryām Bāynasāñ pers
PRS12649Hezqel Ḥǝzqǝʾǝl pers
PRS12486TaklaMikael Takla Mikāʾel pers
PRS12579AsmaGiyorgis ʾAsma Giyorgis pers
PRS12497GabraMaryam Gabra Māryām pers
PRS12487Falatawos Falātāwos pers
PRS12744GabraMasqal Gabra Masqal pers
PRS12648AmdaMasqal ʿĀmda Masqal pers
PRS12879Bazzabbeh Bazzābbǝh pers
PRS12635Zamatusala Mātusalā pers
PRS12734BaedaMaryam Baʾǝda Māryām pers
PRS12594Anstasyos ʾAnsṭāsyos pers
PRS12611AmhaGiyorgis ʾAmḫā Giyorgis pers
PRS13716Abreham ʾAbrǝhām pers
PRS13781GabraKiros Gabra Kiros Yǝsḥaq pers
PRS13806Elfyos ʾƎlfyos pers
PRS13834GabraSellase Gabra Śǝllāse pers
PRS13836Dawit Dāwit pers
PRS13841HirutaSellase Ḫiruta Śǝllāse pers
PRS13845HaylaMikael Ḫāyla Mikāʾel pers
PRS13852HaylaSellase Ḫāyla Śǝllāse Gabra Ṣādǝq pers
PRS13865Simmakos Simmākos pers
PRS12752Mikael Mikāʾel pers
PRS13965MehdentaMaryam Mǝḫḍǝnta Māryām pers
PRS13967WaldaTensae Walda Tǝnśāʾe pers
PRS13972ZawaldaMaryam Zawalda Māryām pers
PRS14035Yeshaq Yǝsḥaq pers
PRS14050MentasnotAbbuhay Məntasnot ʾAbbuhay pers
PRS14051LaekaMaryam Lāʾǝka Māryām pers
PRS14052SardaMaryam Śarḍa Māryām pers
PRS14053WaldaG Walda Giyorgis pers
PRS14127Yohannes pers
PRS14260Getahun Getāhun pers
PRS14286Warqe Warqe pers
PRS14343WaldaMaryam Walda Māryām pers
PRS14344WaldaGabreel ወልደ፡ ገብርኤል፡ pers
PRS14345KidanaMaryam Kidāna Māryām pers
PRS14363WaldaRufael Walda Rufāʾel pers
PRS14364WaldaGabreel Walda Gabrǝʾel pers
PRS14368WaldaKidan Walda Kidān pers
PRS14379Abbuhay ʾAbbuhay pers
PRS14381Fanta pers
PRS14399Denqo Dǝnqo Mārqos pers
PRS14408Galawdewos Galāwdewos pers
PRS14409Yohannes Yoḥannǝs pers