✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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Adab

There are 89 resources that contain the exact keyword: Adab
id title type
IHA1356 Agaro / Aggārō, Agaro Šayḫ Kamal, SHK00006 mss
IHA1594 Jimata, Muḫtār b. Abbā Ǧihād, JMK00069 mss
IHA0332 Addis Ababa, IES - Institute of Ethiopian Studies, IES00266 mss
IHA0447 Harar, Abdallah Sharif, ASH00069 mss
IHA2191 Harar, Abdallah Sharif, ASH00116 mss
IHA1374 Eboba, Kabirto - Yā Sīn b. Šayḫ Ǧīlānī, EBYS00013 mss
IHA0506 Wulqiṭ / Wolkite / Wälqiṭe / Welkite (Zabbi Molla), Zabbi Molla Library, ZM00004 mss
IHA1732 Leiden, Drewes - Stroomer, DWL00001 mss
LIT0722IHA نظم يكثر عدد النجوم work
LIT0854IHA قصيدة معط اخا كرم work
LIT4380IHA عذبتني بالمطل منها سعادي work
LIT3133IHA رسالة في المكاتبة work
LIT4001IHA بدائع البدائه work
LIT4584IHA قصة ماء الزمزم work
LIT3592IHA وسيط فى الادب العربى وتاريخه work
LIT2543IHA رسالة السينية work
LIT0962IHA عجائب الملكوت work
LIT4210IHA قصيدة أوى العمر في اللذات work
LIT3269IHA إنشاء المكاتبات العصرية والمراسلات العربية work
LIT3457IHA منظومة لا تركنن الى الهوى work
LIT0270IHA لباب الآداب work
LIT3241IHA ذيل الأول من كتاب ثمرات الاوراق work
LIT2768IHA رسالة السمرقندية في الاستعارات work
LIT3267IHA مجموع من مهمات المتون المستعملة من غالب خواص الفنون work
LIT3547IHA مجموع فوائد work
LIT4212IHA قصيدة لك الحمد يا مستوجب work
LIT3412IHA نوادر work
LIT3386IHA نصوص للمرحلة الاعدادية work
LIT3023IHA شواهد العروض work
LIT0856IHA قصيدة طلبوا الذي نالوا وما حرموا work
LIT3590IHA اعلام الناس بما وقع للبرامكة مع بني العباس work
LIT2453IHA مختصر الشافي على متن الكافي work
LIT4003IHA جواهر الادب في ادبيات وانشاء لغة العرب work
LIT3579IHA كليلة ودمنة work
LIT3212IHA مجموع المتون الكبير work
LIT4019IHA تصوف الاسلامي في الادب والاخلاق work
LIT2538IHA ديوان الشافعي work
LIT2510IHA حلية اللب المصون بشرح الجوهر المكنون work
LIT4660IHA نظم يا طالب العلم كن بالله معتصم work
LIT2547IHA اعتراض على الحريري work
LIT2424IHA ابن الايهم الازار الجريح work
LIT3642IHA حكاية الرجل والجارية العاقلة work
LIT2908IHA ذخيرة في محاسن اهل الجزيرة work
LIT2582IHA ارشاد الشافي على متن الكافي في علمي العروض والقوافي work
LIT2057IHA رحلة إلى العراق work
LIT4182IHA تاهَ الأعيرج work
LIT2769IHA رسالة في الاستعارات work
LIT3240IHA ثمرات الاوراق في المحاضرات work
LIT4211IHA قصيدة عليك بتقوى الله في السر والعلن work
LIT3655IHA تلخيص المفتاح في الفنون الثلاثة work
LIT4000IHA معاهد التنصيص في شواهد التلخيص work
LIT2550IHA انتصار للحريري work
LIT4171IHA لو كنت تعلم work
LIT2542IHA مقامات الحريري work
LIT2578IHA مؤتلف والمختلف work
LIT4173IHA يا نسيم الروح work
LIT0873IHA نظم الجود من افضل الطاعات في القرب work
LIT2531IHA مستطرف في كل فن المستظرف work
LIT3242IHA ذيل الثاني من كتاب ثمرات الاوراق work
LIT2675IHA نظم قم للمعلم وفه التبجيلا work
LIT2767IHA حاشية على متن السمرقندي work
LIT3266IHA ازهار الادب في دروس الإنشاء والإملاء وا المطالعة موضوعات عصرية نثرا وشعرا أدبية لتلاميذ المدارس الابتدائية والثانوية والمعلمين work
LIT0357IHA حياة الحيوان الكبرى work
LIT1131IHA فضائل على التعلم work
LIT4213IHA قصيدة كأنك لم تسمع باخبار من مضى work
LIT3458IHA ادب الدين والدنيا work
LIT2511IHA حاشية على حلية اللب المصون work
LIT3618IHA نظم اني معزيك لا اني على ثقة work
LIT0814IHA كتاب الفقر work
LIT0384IHA كنز المدفون والفلك المشحون work
LIT2544IHA رسالة الشينية work
LIT3110IHA مجموع فوائد work
LIT1127IHA تنوير الغبش في فضل السودان والحبش work
LIT2493IHA فتح الجليل بشرح شواهد ابن عقيل work
LIT4221IHA قصيدة الا يا سادة الكرماء work
LIT3325IHA Unidentified adab work on ziyāra including ʻuḏrī anecdotes ascribed to the ṣaḥāba work
LIT2634IHA عقد النفيس في نظم جواهر التدريس [...] السيد احمد بن ادريس work
LIT3431IHA قصيدة لاربعة حق على الغير لازم work
LIT3440IHA صفت وطابت بأكل القات اوقاتي work
LIT4252IHA قصيدة أطاعن خيلا من فوارسها الدهر work
LIT3519IHA قصيدة ياإياها الرجل المعلم غيره work
LIT3775IHA أبدع الأساليب في إنشاء الرسائل و المكاتيب work
LIT3124IHA مجموع اللطائف والنكت والمسائل والفوائد work
LIT3903IHA قصيدة الست ترى السيف كيف انثلم work
LIT2425IHA دراسة ادبية وتطبيق فى الاعراب والبلاغة والعروض work
LIT2999IHA فتوح اليمن الكبرى المعروف برأس الغول work
LIT3000IHA قصيدة بلينا وما تبلى النجوم الطوالع work
LIT0875IHA بيت عن زوجات النبي work
LIT3585IHA طوق الحمامة work