✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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There are 220 resources that contain the exact keyword: site
id title type
LOC2844EmbaQa Ǝmba Qälay place
LOC2845EmbaTa Ǝmba Tälba place
LOC4424MahalT Mahal Telignos place
LOC4437Mahram Maḥram Bilqīs place
LOC4941NagHam Nag Hammadi place
LOC1054AbuDha Abu Dhabi place
LOC1136AddiDa ʿAddi Däbbänä place
LOC1185AddiQa ʿAddi Qana place
LOC1021AbbaaM Abbaa Maalo place
LOC1084AdSala ʿAd Sälama place
LOC1048Abrant Abräntant[i] place
LOC1113AddiAb ʿAddi Abeto place
LOC1045AbraNa Abra Näddäd place
LOC1010Abasge Abäšge place
LOC1221Afarda Afardabba place
LOC1183AddiQa ʿAddi Qäläto place
LOC1110Addet Addet place
LOC1102AddGaf ʿAdd Gäfa place
LOC1098Adamii Adamii Tulluu place
LOC1096Adallo Adallo place
LOC1080AdDama ʿAd Dämat place
LOC1013AbbaKo Abba Koran place
LOC1049Abret Abret place
LOC1233Afsa Afsa place
LOC1229Afgooy Afgooye place
LOC1130AddiBe ʿAddi Beči place
LOC1060AbunSa Abun Säfär place
LOC1184AddiQa ʿAddi Qälqäl place
LOC1041AbiyWa ʿAbiy Wägr place
LOC1109Addasf ʿAddäsfäda place
LOC1209AddiYo ʿAddi Yoḥannǝs place
LOC1099Adamii Adamii Tulluu–Ǧido Kombolča place
LOC1083AdSaad ʿAd Ṣäʿada place
LOC1074Acate Acate place
LOC1073Acarge Ačärge place
LOC1198AddiSa ʿAddi Ṣäḥafi place
LOC1050Abrome Abromela place
LOC1205AddiSo ʿAddi Sogdo place
LOC1006Abagas Abagasse place
LOC1117AddiAk ʿAddi Akäyte place
LOC1037Abgana Abganana place
LOC1172AddiMa ʿAddi Mäʿarda place
LOC1047Abramo Abramo place
LOC1133AddiCa ʿAddi Ḉäʿanaduq place
LOC1146AddiGu ʿAddi Gundi Yǝlbo place
LOC1082AdHayw ʿAd Ḥaywa place
LOC1106Addale Addalé-Gub place
LOC1043Abobo Abobo place
LOC1157AddiHe ʿAddi Ḥǝywät place
LOC1032Abdarr ʿAbdärrafi place
LOC1127AddiBa ʿAddi Barah s. ʿAd Bärraḥ place
LOC1044Abora Abora place
LOC1162AddiKi ʿAddi Kilte s. ʿAddi Kǝlǝttä place
LOC1197AddiRu ʿAddi Ruso place
LOC1076AdAbae ʿAd Abaʿǝr place
LOC1135AddiDa ʿAddi Daʿaro place
LOC1086AdTakl ʿAd Täḵlay place
LOC1123AddiAs ʿAddi Asfäda place
LOC1077AdAwa ʿAd Awa place
LOC1191AddiQo ʿAddi Qorro place
LOC1066Abut Abut place
LOC1204AddiSe ʿAddi Šǝmagǝllä place
LOC1138AddiDe ʿAddi Dǝkkǝl place
LOC1079AdBarr ʿAd Bärraḥ place
LOC1134AddiCu ʿAddi Čumay place
LOC1223Afdam Afdäm place
LOC1202AddiRe ʿAddi Remoz place
LOC1108Addaqa ʿAddäqäḥarsi Ṗäraqliṭos place
LOC1227Afdera Afɖera place
LOC5781Sonke Šonke place
LOC7343SirabaSeyon Sirābā Ṣǝyon place
LOC7054matlia Μάτλια place
LOC3965Kaba Kaʿba place
LOC6033Tulgit Tulgit place
LOC6086Waalla Waallaabu place
LOC6013ToraMa Torā Mask place
LOC6389Yenang Yǝnangara place
LOC6346Yaki Yäki place
LOC6084Waaga Wäʿaga place
LOC6239WarraB Wärrä Badesso place
LOC6356Yamina Yaminan place
LOC6056UmmAbd Umm ʿAbdallāh place
LOC6159Wakkar Wäkkarti place
LOC6343Yajoka Yäǧoka place
LOC6083Waacil Waačille place
LOC6232WariLa Wärʾi Läḵä place
LOC6367Yatabo Yäṭäbon place
LOC6313Wizjib Wīzǧibya place
LOC6149Waggey Waggeyra place
LOC6468Zega Zǝga place
LOC6215Waqiro Wäqiro place
LOC6085Waaka Waaka place
LOC6009Tonkin Tonkin place
LOC6207WandoG Wändo Gännät place
LOC6043Tutemi Tūtēmir place
LOC6463Zebed Zǝbǝd place
LOC6155Wahiba Wahiba Sands place
LOC6414Zager Zagǝr place
LOC6017Totola Ṭotola place
LOC6437Zanj Zanǧ place
LOC6368Yataqa Yäṭäqar place
LOC6435ZanaBa Zäna Bänär place
LOC6053Uhud Uḥud place
LOC6042Turmi Turmi place
LOC6394YergaC Yǝrga Ḉäffe place
LOC6164Walamo Wälamo place
LOC6366Yasubl Yäsubli place
LOC6153Wahata Wāḥat al-Ḫāriǧa place
LOC6213Waqen Wäqen place
LOC6059UmmDur Umm Durmān place
LOC6005TomaGe Ṭomä Gǝrar place
LOC6066Urdifa ʿUrdí fāgé place
LOC6271Wayni Wäyni place
LOC6105Wadera Wadera place
LOC6347Yakka Yäkka place
LOC6322Wureha Wurǝḥät place
LOC6170WaldaM Wäldä Mädḫanit place
LOC6097Waccaa Waččaamo place
LOC6439Zango Zängo place
LOC6842Get Get / Gʷet place
LOC6477Zenji Zenǧi place
LOC6067Urga Urga place
LOC6280Wayzar Wäyzäro place
LOC6844Arafta ʾAraftā place
LOC6173Waldma Wäldmaybiḥ place
LOC6410Zaga Zaga place
LOC6357Yanajj Yänäǧǧa place
LOC6099WadKal Wad Kaltabu place
LOC6209WanleW Wanle Weyn place
LOC6216Waqo Waqo place
LOC6350Yalaba Yäläbaš place
LOC6327Yabaza Yäbäzä place
LOC6292Wehata Wǝḥatäy Golo place
LOC6314Wogidd Wogiddi place
LOC6058UmmEdl Umm ʿƎdla place
LOC6352Yamaal Yamaalogii place
LOC6388Yemere Yemererra place
LOC6015Torbi Torbi place
LOC6303WeqroM Wǝqro Märay place
LOC6237Warqam Wärqämǝdǝr place
LOC6106Wadess Wadessa place
LOC6225Waraqa Waräqät Gǝmb place
LOC6339Yafet Yafet place
LOC6461ZebanO Zǝban ƾʿOna Libanos place
LOC6256Wasif Wäsif place
LOC6183Walmar Wälmära place
LOC6272WayrAm Wäyr Amba place
LOC6291WegarH Wǝgär Ḥariba place
LOC6453ZawelQ Zawǝl Qälqälti place
LOC6436Zanda Žända place
LOC6293Weima Wêʿimá place
LOC6277Wayto Wäyṭo place
LOC6229Waraze Wäraze place
LOC6220WaraSe Wärä Sehin place
LOC6445Zarara Zararān place
LOC6161Walah Waʾlah place
LOC6007Tomat Tomat place
LOC6330Yabell Yabello place
LOC6408Zaeta Zaʾǝta place
LOC6119WadiHa Wādi Ḥaǧǧāǧ place
LOC6230Warder Warder place
LOC6158Wajir Wajir place
LOC6459ZebanK Zǝban Kutur place
LOC6434Zana Zana place
LOC6391YerbaB Yǝrba-Borričča place
LOC6004Tolu Tolu place
LOC6241WarraG Wärrä Gode place
LOC6006Tomala Tômala place
LOC6317Wota Wota place
LOC6321Wuluse Wuluše place
LOC6373Yawes Yäwǝš place
LOC6485Zifa Zifa place
LOC6290WegarH Wǝgär Ḥariba place
LOC6379Yebara Yǝbara place
LOC6181Walliq Wälliqo place
LOC6446Zarba Zarba place
LOC6451Zawdit Zäwditu Mängäd place
LOC6070Uzama Uzama place
LOC6002Tollah Ṭollaḥa place
LOC6371Yatnor Yätnora place
LOC6375YayyaG Yäyya Gulale place
LOC6475Zenbur Zenbur place
LOC6103Waddes Wäddessa place
LOC6395Yesmal Yǝsmala Giyorgis place
LOC6312Wiz Wiz place
LOC6464Zebede Zebedee place
LOC6433ZanTak Žan Täkäl place
LOC6324Yaari Yaari place
LOC6245Warray Warraysa Dagad place
LOC6003Tolo Tolo place
LOC6154Wahhab Wahhābīsm place
LOC6069Uten Uten place
LOC6160WakkiD Wäkki Dǝbba place
LOC6400ZabanO Zäban ʿOna Libanos place
LOC6255Wasaye Wašaye place
LOC6162Walala Walala place
LOC6460ZebanM Zǝban Mororo place
LOC6259Waslu Wašlu place
LOC6222Warab Wäräb place
LOC6409Zafar Ẓafār place
LOC6250Wasaba Wäšäba Gǝmb place
LOC6199Wanbar Wänbärät place
LOC6101Wada Wadä place
LOC6444Zarafa Zarafata place
LOC6228Warawp Waräw pass place
LOC6325Yaayyu Yaayyuu place
LOC6432Zamzam Zämzäm place
LOC6068Usno Usno place
LOC6323Wurki Wurki place
LOC6151WagraS Wägrä Sǝḫin place
LOC6184Walmar Wälmära place
LOC6142WagarH Wägär Ḥariba place
LOC6268WaynaD Wäyna Däga place
LOC6877Hambo Ḥambo place
LOC6240WarraG Wärrä Gibbu place
LOC6331Yabita Yäbiṭara place
LOC6841BekwelZor Bǝqʷǝl Zor place
LOC6284Wazerm Wazerma place
LOC6369Yatayb Yätäybar place
LOC6466Zebshe Zebsher place