✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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cross

There are 116 resources that contain the exact keyword: cross
id title type
EMIP00239 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 29 mss
FSUor112 Frankfurt, Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt Ms. or. 112 mss
IVEf1168 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef.116.8 mss
EMIP03245 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner 472 mss
InEtn56277 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, 5627-7 mss
FSUrueppII7 Lost. Rüpp. II, 7 mss
IVEf11610 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef.116.10 mss
EMIP00073 Eugene, Museum of Natural and Cultural History of the University of Oregon, 10-844 mss
InEtn210322 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, 2103-22 mss
SHOr402 Hamburg, State and University Library Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, Cod. orient. 402 mss
IVEf925 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef.92.5 mss
DabraLibanosHamGG1 Dabra Libānos of Ham, GG 1 mss
EMIP03263 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Antippas 13 mss
EMIP00171 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 66 mss
ESgkm001 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Maḵodʿa Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, GKM-001 mss
InEtn40555 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, 4055-5 mss
EMIP00055 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Trinity Western University Codex 1 mss
EMIP02350 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 318 mss
IVEf9213 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef.92.13 mss
IVEf101 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef. 101 mss
EMIP00246 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 36 mss
EMIP00735 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 81 mss
EMIP02395 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 360 mss
IVEf9518 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef.95.18 mss
EMIP00167 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 62 mss
EMIP00477 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 175 mss
EMIP00103 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 17 mss
EMIP02356 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 324 mss
BLorient481 London, British Library, BL Orient 481 mss
ESqsm002 Gulo Maḵadā, Qarsabar Qǝddus Mikāʾel, QSM-002 mss
IVEf104 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef. 104 mss
EMIP00272 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 95 mss
InEtn40557 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, 4055-7 mss
IVEf921 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef.92.1 mss
BAVet208 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 208 mss
BNFet10 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 10 mss
RNBdorn609 Saint Petersburg, Rossijskaja Nacionalnaja Biblioteka, RNB Dorn 609 mss
InEtn40556 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, 4055-6 mss
BerOrFol117 Berlin, Berlin State Library, SBP, Ms. orient. Fol. 117 mss
IVEf9210 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef.92.10 mss
EMIP00369 Alabama, Rudulph Collection, Rudulph Codex 2 mss
BDLaethg2 Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Aeth. g. 2 mss
BDLaethf6 Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Aeth. f. 6 (R) mss
EMIP00242 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 32 mss
EMIP02075 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 126 mss
EMIP02341 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 309 mss
ESmm003 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Māryām Makān, MM-003 mss
EMIP00091 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 8 mss
DSEthiop4 Egypt, Dayr as-Suryān, DS Ethiop. 4 mss
BDLaethf5 Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Aeth. f. 5 (R) mss
EMIP00092 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 9 mss
EMIP00138 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 33 mss
EMIP00063 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 33 mss
EMIP00052 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 27 mss
EMIP02060 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 111 mss
DSEthiop5 Egypt, Dayr as-Suryān, DS Ethiop. 5 mss
EMIP02359 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 327 mss
IVEf9214 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef.92.14 mss
EMIP00140 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 35 mss
InEtn405510 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, 4055-10 mss
EMIP00478 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 176 mss
EMIP02351 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 319 mss
EMIP00075 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 1 mss
EMIP00142 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 37 mss
IVEf1164 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef.116.4 mss
EMIP00250 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 40 mss
IVEf46 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef. 46 mss
EMIP00150 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 45 mss
IVEf9215 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef.92.15 mss
EMIP00139 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 34 mss
EMIP00120 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 29 mss
EMIP02247 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 248 mss
BDLaethf10 Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Aeth. f. 10 (R) mss
EMIP03261 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Antippas 11 mss
BNFet32 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 32 mss
IVEf89 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef. 89 mss
EMIP00340 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Walter Codex 1 mss
IVEf84 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef. 84 mss
EMIP00135 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 30 mss
EMIP00121 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 7 mss
FSUor18 Frankfurt, Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt Ms. or. 18 mss
EMIP02361 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 329 mss
EMIP02357 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 325 mss
DSEthiop9 Egypt, Dayr as-Suryān, DS Ethiop. 9 mss
EMIP00132 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 18 mss
EMIP00136 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 31 mss
EMIP02266 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 267 mss
ESum027 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, ʿUrā Qirqos, UM-027 mss
EMIP00119 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 28 mss
ESssb008 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Bet Ḥāwāryāt, SSB-008 mss
BMLor148 Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML Or. 148 mss
IVEf1169 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef.116.9 mss
EMIP00703 ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 49 mss
EMIP02081 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 132 mss
IVEf112 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef.112 mss
EMIP00308 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 124 mss
EMIP02397 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 362 mss
FSUor17 Frankfurt, Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt Ms. or. 17 mss
BAVborget24 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. Borg. et. 24 mss
EMIP03276 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Antippas 26 mss
EMIP00229 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Subers Codex 4 mss
EMIP00274 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 97 mss
EMIP00133 Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 19 mss
EMIP03262 Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Antippas 12 mss
EMIP00013 Williams, OR, Marwick Collection, Marwick Codex 9 mss
EMIP00036 Denver, CO, Eliza Bennett Collection, Eliza Codex 11 mss
ESqs007 Sāʿsiʿ Ṣaʿdā ʾƎmbā, Qalāqǝl Māryām Ṣǝyon, QS-007 mss
IVEf9212 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef.92.12 mss
EMIP02058 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 109 mss
EMIP02084 Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 135 mss
InEtn40554 St Petersburg, Etnografičeskij Muzej Akademii Nauk, 4055-4 mss
IVEf38 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef. 38 mss
BLorient78 London, British Library, BL Oriental 78 mss
BLadd18996 London, British Library, BL Additional 18996 mss
SinaiEt006 mss
YaleMs17 mss