✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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city

There are 92 resources that contain the exact keyword: city
id title type
LOC2537DaresS Dar es Salaam place
LOC2642Delhi Delhi place
LOC2444Dakar Dakar place
LOC2708Djibou Djibouti place
LOC2085Cairo Cairo place
LOC2196Consta Constantinople place
LOC2198Copenh Copenhagen place
LOC2468Damasc Damascus place
LOC2190Columb Columbus place
LOC4275Leeds Leeds place
LOC4871Moscow Moscow place
LOC4199Kyoto Kyoto place
LOC4325London London place
LOC4739Medina Medina place
LOC4590Marsei Marseilles place
LOC4822Milan Milan place
LOC4911Munste Münster place
LOC4309Lisbon Lisbon place
LOC4354Lusaka Lusaka place
LOC4992Newark Newark place
LOC4394Madrid Madrid place
LOC4994Nicosi Nicosia place
LOC4910Munich Munich place
LOC4764Memphi Memphis place
LOC4737Mecca Mecca place
LOC4230Lagos Lagos place
LOC4958Nairob Nairobi place
LOC4332LosAng Los Angeles place
LOC4083Kiev Kiev place
LOC4838Mogadi Mogadishu place
LOC4064Kharto Khartoum place
LOC4768Mene Mene place
LOC4582Marrak Marrakesh place
LOC4963Naples Naples place
LOC4862Montre Montreal place
LOC4630Masqat Masqaṭ place
LOC4850Mombas Mombasa place
LOC4990NewYor New York place
LOC1804Batavi Batavia place
LOC1261Adulis ʾAdulis place
LOC1481Antioc Antioch place
LOC5725AsSihr Aš-Šihr place
LOC6000Tokyo Tokyo place
LOC5358RiodeJ Rio de Janeiro place
LOC5619Seattl Seattle place
LOC5514Samark Samarkand place
LOC5361Riyad Riyāḍ place
LOC5065Padua Padua place
LOC5741Singap Singapore place
LOC5803Strasb Strasbourg place
LOC5719Sidon Sidon place
LOC5831Sydney Sydney place
LOC5936TelAvi Tel Aviv place
LOC5796Sousse Sousse place
LOC5093Philad Philadelphia place
LOC5067Palerm Palermo place
LOC5108PortSa Port Said place
LOC5705Shangh Shanghai place
LOC5374Rome Rome place
LOC5353Riga Riga place
LOC5488Salem Salem place
LOC5933Tehran Tehran place
LOC5715Sidhpu Sidhpur place
LOC5076Paris Paris place
LOC5401Sabata Sábata place
LOC7355Hamburg Hamburg place
LOC3416Genoa Genoa place
LOC3944Izmir Izmir place
LOC3519Glasgo Glasgow place
LOC3957Jerusa Jerusalem place
LOC3953Jeddah Jeddah place
LOC3938Istanb stanbul place
LOC3084Fes Fes place
LOC3845Heleno Helenopolis place
LOC3994Kampal Kampala place
LOC6074Venice Venice place
LOC6516SPB St Petersburg place
LOC6508Zurich Zurich place
LOC6040Turin Turin place
LOC6081Viterb Viterbo place
LOC6549Isfahan Isfahan place
LOC6858capital Royal capital place
LOC6062Uppsal Uppsala place
LOC6023Trebiz Trebizond place
LOC6077Vienna Vienna place
LOC6018Toulou Toulouse place
LOC6027Triest Trieste place
LOC6016Toront Toronto place
LOC6071Valenc Valencia place
LOC6029Tripol Tripoli place
LOC7363ElPaso El Paso place
LOC7369Malqa Mālqā place