✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

You can run a simple search which will look in all text indexes. This is the simplest search that we can offer. Check the options below the input box if you want to change the default settings.

Note that you can click on and/or symbols under the search field for additional filters/facets and on to activate the virtual keyboard.

When the results appear you can use facets to narrow your selection. For that, first select the facet (Item type, Author of changes, Keywords, etc.) and then press "refine search results ". Here you can get a list of items given some parameters, like the entity type, without searching for a string. You can play with the filters to restrict the search and you can certainly combine these with a text search. If you know the identifier (ID) of an item (LIT1234name, MS123abc, PRS12345name, etc.) you can paste it here, and you will get it in the results. if you know only a part, eg. LIT20... it will give you all those which match. To reach a given item with its ID, you can also append that to the base URL of the website, https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1234name and you will be redirected to the correct landing page. If you have at hand the Clavis Aethiopica number of a Textual Unit, e.g. CAe 1234, you can enter it here and the search will point you to that record. We record (unsystematically) corresponding identifiers from other Claves, like CAVT or CANT, here you can select which one you want to look for and search for records pointing to that. We record for each repository information on settlement, region and country. By searching for the identifier of a place the query will look at related places and check for other repositories which may be associated. If you know how to write your XPath, and know the source TEI (available for each file, by appending .xml to the identifier of the record) you will be able to run that query against the db here. Not all possible paths are optimized. Parallel to the XML, also an RDF triple store is maintained by the project. Here you get an interface to the SPARQL endpoint. You can add your SPARQL query and see the results available.
In the search mask above, you can search for text, below there are options and you can add filters ( ). You can then use facets to narrow your selection.
But text is not all you can search for. In the top menu you can switch to other types of queries and searches which rely on different indexes and data formats. You can check this box to use 'smart' ranking, where a higher score is assigned to hits in placeName, persName, title or to records with text or an occupation element. This will make you wait a bit more. If running a text search, you can select the type of text search. This determines how the single words which you enter are matched in the indexes here By default the search will use OR as an operator, which means that if you search two words you will get hits which contain one OR the other. You may wish to use AND to get the matches which contain your first word AND your second word. If you want them in that particular order, consider using phrase mode from the search type. Click on this plus button to see a series of additional options for your search. If you wish to search for a given word in the hands descriptions and another word in the decorations, here you can do that, using fields. This may help you enter characters which are not immediately present on your keyboard. Keep a letter pressed for additional forms. Use Shift and Alt for alternative keyboards. Instead of the pointer you can use your own keyboard with these values when active. Homophones are mechanically replaced for you, so that for example, if you search for one of 'ሀ', 'ሐ', 'ኀ', 'ሃ', 'ሓ', 'ኃ' we will search for all of them. If you deselect this checkbox the list of homophones will not be considered and only the exact string you searched will be passed on. Homophones are not replaced for search strings longer than 10 characters and is not applied in all modes. If you entered a search string for a Gǝʿǝz string, either typing it in Fidal or in a transliteration format, we can try to convert it and search also the other form. If you entered ወልደ the search engine will look also for walda. If you entered walda also for ወልደ. This depends on the availability of the alternate form.

You can enter above your SPARQL query to the RDF representation of the data stored in Apache Jena Fuseki. Please use single quotes ' not double.

PREFIXes are already there (see below), so you can start with SELECT. If you prefer to use your prefixes, do so, no problem. A super tutorial on how to build SPARQL queries is here at Apache Jena.

Results do not have facets and are presented as they are requested in the query from the SPARQL response.



PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX lawd: <http://lawd.info/ontology/>
PREFIX oa: <http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#>
PREFIX ecrm: <http://erlangen-crm.org/current/>
PREFIX crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/>
PREFIX gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#>
PREFIX agrelon: <http://d-nb.info/standards/elementset/agrelon.owl#>
PREFIX rel: <http://purl.org/vocab/relationship/>
PREFIX dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
PREFIX bm: <https://betamasaheft.eu/>
PREFIX pelagios: <http://pelagios.github.io/vocab/terms#>
PREFIX syriaca: <http://syriaca.org/documentation/relations.html#>
PREFIX saws: <http://purl.org/saws/ontology#>
PREFIX snap: <http://data.snapdrgn.net/ontology/snap#>
PREFIX pleiades: <https://pleiades.stoa.org/>
PREFIX wd: <https://www.wikidata.org/>
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX t: <http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0>
PREFIX sdc: <https://w3id.org/sdc/ontology#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

You can also use the API to query the SPARQL endpoint, using https://betamasaheft.eu/api/SPARQL with the query in a parameter q. The results are SPARQL Query Results XML Format, as the one visualized below.

In the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines you can find the OWLDoc Documentation and a visualization thanks to webVOWL of the current ontology developed with Protégé.

Some examples of the data you are querying

Documentation on Linked Open Data can be found here.

Examples:
Search for female donors: "SELECT ?ms ?person WHERE { ?annotation a bm:donor ; oa:hasBody ?person ; oa:hasTarget ?ms . ?ms a bm:mss . ?person foaf:gender 'female' . } "
Manuscripts with a patron of the imperial family: "SELECT DISTINCT ?manuscript ?patron ?relation ?ruler WHERE{ ?annotation a bm:patron ; oa:hasTarget ?manuscript ; oa:hasBody ?patron . ?manuscript a bm:mss . ?patron snap:hasBond ?bondName . ?bondName rdf:type ?relation ; snap:bond-with ?ruler . ?ruler snap:occupation 'Emperor' . }"
Mountains mentioned in Liturgy manuscripts: "SELECT DISTINCT ?mountain ?manuscript WHERE { ?att oa:hasBody ?mountain ; oa:hasTarget ?manuscript . ?manuscript a bm:mss ; a bm:Liturgy . ?mountain a bm:place ; pleiades:hasFeatureType in <https://betamasaheft.eu/authority-files/mountain> . } LIMIT 50"

The results presented here are visualized with d3sparql

Enter above your XPath 3.0 query to the data. (You can alternatively use the old XPath search page here) Please, use t: namespace for TEI elements. The starting point of any Xpath should be $config:collection-root if you are searching the entire dataset.

NB: if you are a member of the BM GitHub organization and work with Oxygen you may run your XPath Queries directly in your Oxygen project; in this case start the string directly with //TEI.

You can also use, as a cached and short form to point to collections the following variables: $config:collection-rootMS for manuscripts; $config:collection-rootW for Textual Units $config:collection-rootPl for places; $config:collection-rootPr for persons; $config:collection-rootIn for repositories; $config:collection-rootA for authority files.

Examples:
Persons marked up in colophons: $config:collection-rootMS//t:colophon[t:persName]
Manuscripts with at least 26 additions: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[@xml:id='a26']
Manuscripts with a text marked up as Amharic: $config:collection-rootMS//t:TEI[descendant::t:textLang[@mainLang='am' or @otherLangs='am']]
Manuscripts with additions that contain something tagged Amharic: $config:collection-rootMS//t:TEI[not(contains(@xml:id, 'IHA'))]//t:additions[descendant::t:*[@xml:lang='am']]
Records with the title with the subtype inscriptio: $config:collection-root//t:title[contains(@subtype,'inscriptio')]
Manuscripts that have at least 31 quires: $config:collection-rootMS//t:collation/t:list[count(t:item) ge 31]
Manuscripts where a roleName appears: $config:collection-rootMS//t:roleName
Additons of the type OwnershipNote: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[t:desc[@type='OwnershipNote']]
Place records revised in 2022: $config:collection-rootPl//t:revisionDesc/t:change[contains(concat(' ', @when, ' '), '2022')]
Work records that contain "Senodos" inside title: $config:collection-rootW//t:titleStmt/t:title[contains(.,'Senodos')]
Works that contain the string "Senodos" somewhere: $config:collection-rootW//*[contains(.,'Senodos')]
Person record which have at least some attribute for birth and death (can be when, notBefore, notAfter) elements and occupation type ruler: $config:collection-rootPr//t:person[t:birth[@*]][t:death[@*]][t:occupation[@type='ruler']]
Manuscripts with miniatures in them: $config:collection-rootMS//t:decoDesc[t:decoNote[@type='miniature']]
Manuscripts with an addition element typed Ownership Note followed by another one with type Supplication: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[t:desc[@type='OwnershipNote']][following-sibling::t:item[t:desc[@type='Supplication']]]

Here you can differentiate your search by looking at the text of constructed strings from specific portions of the data. You can search for records which have a word occurring in the decoration and another in the content description, for example.















Resource type
manuscript15
place1
textual unit5
General
Abreham Adugna1
Alessandro Bausi1
Angela Müller2
Antonella Brita1
Ashlee Benson1
Carsten Hoffmann1
Daria Elagina4
Denis Nosnitsin7
Dorothea Reule7
Eugenia Sokolinski6
Jonah Sandford1
Jonas Karlsson1
Magdalena Krzyzanowska2
Massimo Villa2
Pietro Maria Liuzzo15
Ralph Lee2
Ran HaCohen1
Simone Seyboldt1
Sisay Sahile2
Solomon Gebreyes3
Stéphane Ancel1
Veronika Roth1
Vitagrazia Pisani1
2024-08-271
2023-07-201
2023-10-091
2023-10-121
2022-04-111
2022-07-081
2022-10-101
2021-02-091
2021-04-271
2021-05-041
2021-06-231
2021-10-281
2020-01-041
2020-01-211
2020-01-301
2020-03-121
2020-03-131
2020-04-171
2020-04-201
2020-08-141
2020-09-251
2020-11-191
2019-03-151
2019-04-171
2019-04-221
2019-04-291
2019-06-201
2019-07-232
2019-07-311
2019-11-051
2019-11-131
2019-12-111
2019-12-161
2018-01-182
2018-03-161
2018-05-281
2018-11-201
2018-11-281
2017-01-241
2017-03-071
2017-03-311
2017-05-121
2017-05-221
2017-07-102
2017-07-111
2017-07-181
2017-07-211
2017-08-081
2017-10-251
2017-11-031
2016-02-092
2016-03-212
2016-04-271
2016-05-106
2016-07-261
2016-11-041
2016-11-172
2016-12-191
2015-05-041
2015-05-201
2015-06-041
2014-08-271
2014-09-221
2014-11-061
2014-11-241
2013-09-041
2013-09-231
2012-01-271
2012-10-181
2011-02-221
2011-11-041
2011-12-031
2010-05-031
2010-05-051
2010-12-011
2010-12-071
Annunciation1
Arrest of Jesus1
Ascension of Jesus1
Baptism of Jesus1
Crucifixion of Jesus1
Denial of Peter1
Deposition from the Cross1
Descent into Hell1
Entombment of Jesus1
Entry into Jerusalem1
Evangelist Portrait1
Massacre of the Innocents1
Nativity of Jesus1
Tempietto1
Washing of the Feet1
Letter1
Other1
Gondarine1
Modern Period3
Postaksumite I1
Zamana Masāfǝnt1
Golden Gospel1
Amharic Literature3
Apocrypha2
Biography1
Christian Literature7
Chronicles3
Hagiography3
History and Historiography6
Homily1
Miracle1
New Testament2
Poetry1
Rituals1
Theology2
Translation1
Amharic7
English20
Gǝʿǝz 17
Latin 1
Manuscripts
Annunciation1
Arrest of Jesus1
Ascension of Jesus1
Baptism of Jesus1
Crucifixion of Jesus1
Denial of Peter1
Deposition from the Cross1
Descent into Hell1
Entombment of Jesus1
Entry into Jerusalem1
Evangelist Portrait1
Massacre of the Innocents1
Nativity of Jesus1
Tempietto1
Washing of the Feet1
cardboard1
leather8
metal1
parchment1
textile1
wood9
Additional1
d'Abbadie1
EMIP2
Ethio-SPaRe6
Fonds éthiopien3
Griaule1
Manuscrits orientaux3
Tweed Collection1
15
28
31
complete7
incomplete3
short1
deficient2
good6
intact1
ʾAmmǝstu ʾaʿǝmāda mǝśṭir1
Anqaṣa Amin1
A Theological Treatise on the Incarnation of Jesus Christ, in Amharic and Gǝ‘ǝz1
Baʾǝnta śǝllāseka1
Canons of Eusebios (generic record)1
Commentary on Our Father, in Amharic, የአቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት፡ ትርጓሜ፡1
Commentary on the Daily Prayer, in Amharic, ትርጓሜ፡ ጸሎት፡ ዘዘወትር፡1
Epistle of Eusebius to Carpianus (generic record)1
Four Gospels2
Gadla Ṣādǝqān za-Ṗarāqliṭos, : embeddedcolophon1
Gadla Ṣādǝqān za-Ṗarāqliṭos1
Hagiographic Dossier of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos1
Hāymānota ʾabaw1
Histoire (zēnā) de Sarkis et de Tertāg rois d'Arménie1
Hymn to the Trinity, “Praise to You,” ግናይ፡ ለክሙ።1
Kebra Nagaśt1
Letter from Dofter Ester to Henry Salt1
Letter from Walda Śǝllāse to Henry Salt1
Letter from William Jowett to Henry Salt with translation of 1
Letter from ግራ፡ ጌታ፡ አስታ፡ to Henry Salt1
Letter to Henry Salt1
Letter to Henry Salt1
List of the Heretics, አስማቲሆሙ፡ ለመናፍቃን፡1
Malkǝʾa samāʿtāta Ṗarāqliṭos: 32 strophes 1
Profession de foi de l'évêque Jacques de Baradée1
Śǝna fǝṭrat (General record)1
Synopsis of classes1
Taʾammǝra samāʿtāta Ṗarāqliṭos: 11 miracles1
Tarika nagaśt za-gabru la-adbār za-qeddusān (Histoire des Rois concernant les impôts des monastères saints)1
Tārik za-mǝdra Gondar1
Tārik za-mǝdra Gondar1
Theological Treatise called Fruit of the Faith, ፍሬ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ 1
Treatise on the four Evangelists and their symbols1
ለዛቲ፡ መጽሐፈ፡ ታሪክ፡ አስተጋብአ፡ ደጅአዝማች፡ ኀይሉ፡ እምነ፡ ብዙኃን፡ አህጉር፡ ወደሰያት፡ ከመ፡ ኢይጥፋዕ፡ ዝክረ፡ አበዊሁ፡ ነገሥት፡ ወመኳንንት፡ እምአመ፡ ጠፍአ፡ በብዙኅ፡ ዕለት፡ እምቤተ፡ መንግሥት፡ ከመ፡ አስተጋብኦ፡ በጥሊሞስ፡ ለመጽሐፈ፡ ነቢያት። 1
መጽሐፈ፡ አሀጕሎተ፡ ሐሰት፡1
14121
17001
18151
18161
18891
19002
19021
19501
13501
16001
18101
18271
18401
18503
18801
18811
1001
381
401
441
601
671
701
801
Ṗeṭros1
ታቦት፡ ጽዮን፡1
ገብረ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ራሴ፡ ወልደ፡ ኖብ፡1
ጊዮርግስ፡1
Codex11
Leaf1
Notebook2
Scroll1
1601
1651
1801
1911
2001
2451
2851
3151
3201
3301
3701
3801
no17
yes4
paper4
parchment9
011
11
111
221
32
41
51
62
641
018
22
91
09
112
12
23
31
42
72
09
17
23
31
91
020
121
021
06
15
172
191
201
21
31
51
871
92
108.01
11
130.01
159.01
181
2+94+21
222.01
2391
3701
41
691
72.01
821
841
88.01
iii + 881
no20
yes1
Bibliothèque nationale de France3
British Library1
Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project1
Gʷāḥgot ʾIyasus1
Howard University School of Divinity1
Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk1
Kǝbrān Gabrǝʾel1
Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat1
Māy Rāzā Takla Haymānot1
Private Collection of Ato Hayle Bayyana1
Siʿet Qǝddǝst Māryām1
ʿĀddaqāḥarsi Ṗarāqliṭos2
1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C1
1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C1
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.1
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.3
The ruling pattern is different for the canon tables.1
ʾAsbä Dǝngǝl1
Ḫāyla ʾIyasus1
Tasfā Ṣǝyon1
ተክለ፡ ሃዋርያት፡1
Ethiopic12
Latin1
only metadata9
some text present12
band1
bindingMaterial10
Boards2
Cover2
drawing1
Endbands7
frame4
miniature2
Other6
SewingStations2
grace2
qamar1
world1
CommemorativeNote1
CustomaryLaw1
DonationNote2
FoundationCharter1
GuestText2
Inventory1
LandGrant2
MixedNote2
OwnershipNote3
ReceiptNote1
Record1
RecordDistribution1
RecordLitigation1
RecordTransaction1
ScribalNoteAssigningLand1
ScribalNoteCommissioning1
ScribalSupplication2
Unclear2
Correction1
findingAid5
StampExlibris3
Unclear1
1201
1281
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2301
2501
2601
2851
3001
8.81
122
141
151
161
171
192
213
232
261
302
30 361
361
71
Textual and Narrative Units
only metadata9
some text present12
Places and Repositories
area1
Persons and Groups
14151
14681
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15291
15301
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15971
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ethnic8
n/a21
individual21

There are 21 entities matching your text query for "ግራ" with the parameters shown at the right. (searched: ግራ)

Search time: 0.969 seconds.
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    stubworksLIT2675AC81TEI
    Apostolic canons (81)
    CAe 2675Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
    1 in t:ab

    ...ሂ፡ ሕዝባዊ፡ እምቅድስት፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ዘቀሠጠ፡ መዓረ፡ ግራ፡ ወእመአኮ፡ ቅብአ፡ ይቁም፡ ወትሕምስቶ፡ የኀሊ፡ ምስለ፡ ...

    in element t:ab within a t:div, at 68
    comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

    List of computed witnesses

      stubworksLIT4633ChronicleTEI
      Chronicle of Bakāffā
      CAe 4633Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
      12 in t:roleName
      t:ab
      Author attributions

      ግራ፡ አዝማች፡

      in element t:roleName within a t:div, at 21

      ግራ፡ አዝማች፡

      in element t:roleName within a t:div, at 23

      ... 2እስከ፡ ዝየሰ፡ ኮነ፡ ፊት፡ አውራሪ፡ ግራ፡ አዝማች1፡ ህላዌ...

      in element t:ab within a t:div, at 31
      comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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        stubworksLIT4646ChronicleTEI
        Chronicle of Zarʾa Yāʿqob
        CAe 4646Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
        1 in t:ab
        Witnesses
          Abstract

          ... ኅብስት፡ ወሜስ፡ ይበውእ፡ እምነ፡ ቤተ፡ ፈጠጋር፡ ወእምቤተ፡ ግራ፡ በአልቲሐት፡ እምቤተ፡ ግብር፡ ዘየማን፡ ወዘፀጋም፡ ያበው...

          in element t:ab within a t:div, at 24
          comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

          List of computed witnesses

          stubmanuscriptsESmakm075TEI
          ʾƎndartā, Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MAKM-075
          1 in note
          Signatures
          MAKM-075, C4-IV-22
          Short Description
          This parchment codex is composed of 159.0 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: See Additio 7.. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

          ...ncerns the land called የቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ መልቤ፡ ግራ፡ ቅንፊዝ.

          in element note within a item, with id a5
          placespersonsrelations

          List of related persons

          stubmanuscriptsESgbi013TEI
          Gāntā ʾAfašum, Gwāḥgot ʾIyasus, GBI-013
          1 in quote
          Signatures
          GBI-013
          Short Description
          This parchment codex is composed of 72.0 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: According to Additio 2, the Ms. was donated to the church of ʾIyasus in 1894 year of mercy (= 1901/02 A.D.).. There are The description includes a collation of the quires.

          ... 72v: ለመድኃኔ፡ ዓለም፡ የተተካ፡ መሬት፡ ፬፡ ነው፡ ግራ[ት]፡ ምሸ...

          in element quote within a item, with id a4
          placespersonsrelations

          List of related persons

          stubmanuscriptsESgms008TEI
          Gāntā ʾAfašum, Siʿet Qǝddǝst Māryām, GMS-008
          3 in q
          Signatures
          GMS-008
          Short Description
          This parchment codex is composed of 108.0 leaves. It has 2 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: . There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

          ...: ወይትበቀሎ: እግዚአብሔር: እስከ: ሰብአቱ: ትውልድ። ፪ኤ: ግራ: ማርያም: ታሕት። ...

          in element q within a item, with id a3

          ...ይ: ኑም: ማይ: ዔላ: ጣራ: ጉንድ: ጢሳ: ማአከል: ሞሳልቅ: ግራ: ማርያም: ግራ: ጉንች: ...

          in element q within a item, with id a3

          ... ዔላ: ጣራ: ጉንድ: ጢሳ: ማአከል: ሞሳልቅ: ግራ: ማርያም: ግራ: ጉንች: ...

          in element q within a item, with id a3
          placespersonsrelations

          List of related persons

          stubplacesLOC3423GeraGaTEI
          Gǝrā Garabo
          1 in t:placeName

          ግራ፡ ገረቦ፡

          in element t:placeName within a t:placeName
          manuscriptsrelations
          stubmanuscriptsAHB001gondarTEI
          Gondar, Private Collection of Ato Hayle Bayyana, Gondar private collection of Ato Hayle Bayyana
          8 in t:ab
          Signatures
          Gondar private collection of Ato Hayle Bayyana
          Short Description
          This is composed of leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

          ... (ዘአደባባይ) ማርያምን (ዘግምጃ ቤት) ቀኝና ግራ አድርገህ ስራ አለዎ አፄም ተነሡና ታቦተ ኢየሱስንና ታቦተ...

          in element t:ab within a t:div, at 10

          ...ና ታቦተ ማርያምን ቀኝና ግራ አድርገው ተከሉ ከዚያ በኋላ መሠረቱም እየጠና እየቀና ሄደ...

          in element t:ab within a t:div, at 10

          ... ገብስ ታጭዳ ተከምራ አገኛት። እንደማግኘቱ ደስ አለውና ነገሩ ግራ ሆነበትና እንደ ግን...

          in element t:ab within a t:div, at 23
          placespersonsrelations

          List of related persons

          No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

          stubmanuscriptsESap003TEI
          Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddaqāḥarsi Ṗarāqliṭos, AP-003
          1 in q
          Signatures
          AP-003, C3-IV-6
          Short Description
          This parchment codex is composed of 222.0 leaves. It has 11 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Late 19th cent.(?) The Ms. is difficult for dating.. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

          ... ፲ቱ፡ ይብላ፡ የጳራቅሊጦስ፡ የታቦት፡ እርሻ፡ አንደኛ፡ ግራ፡ ሳራ፡ ፪ኛ፡ ማይ፡ ቦራይ፡ ፫ኛ፡ ተከርሽሕ፡ ፬ኛ፡ ...

          in element q within a item, with id a4
          placespersonsrelations

          List of related persons

          No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

          stubmanuscriptsESap046TEI
          Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddaqāḥarsi Ṗarāqliṭos, AP-046
          2 in ab
          Signatures
          AP-046, C3-IV-10
          Short Description
          This parchment codex is composed of 88.0 4 84 leaves. It has 17 main content units in 2 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: Main part: 1523, according to the colophon . Quire I (Text I, Codicological Unit p1 ) was added in a later period (17th cent.?).. There are The description includes a collation of the quires.

          ...ቀ፡ ን አድባሮ፡ ወአ ውግር፡ ከመ፡ መዓረ፡ ግራ። ኢትውዒ፡ ቤተ፡ አረ፡ ቅሊጦስ፡ ም...

          in element ab within a div, at 25

          ...፡ ወምድር፡ ወይት መሰዋ፡ ከመ፡ መ ዓረ፡ ግራ። ታሰ ተርኢ፡ ድሉታ በእንተ፡ ክብሮ ...

          in element ab within a div, at 78
          placespersonsrelations

          List of related persons

          stubmanuscriptsBLadd19343TEI
          London, British Library, BL Additional 19343
          Link to images
          1 in persName
          Signatures
          BL Additional 19343, Wright cat. CCCCIV, Wright 404
          Short Description
          This paper notebook is composed of 69 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 18 leaves. It has 9 main content units in 9 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: After 1827 (context) 1810-1815 (context) 1810-1815 (context) 1810 (internal-date) 1810-1816 (internal-date) 1810-1816 (internal-date) 1815 (internal-date) 1815 (internal-date) 1810-1816 (internal-date) 1820 (internal-date). There are The description does not include a collation of the quires.

          ግራ፡ ጌታ፡ አስታ፡

          in element persName within a msItem, with id p6_i1
          placespersonsrelations

          List of related persons

          No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

          stubworksLIT1340EnochETEI
          Maṣḥafa Henok
          CAe 1340Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
          Clavis (list of identifiable texts) ID
          CAVTClavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti 61 [check the Clavis Clavium]
          2 in ab
          Witnesses
            Abstract
            The Maṣḥafa Henok is a Jewish apocalypse preserved only in Gǝʿǝz. The original language of the work seems to have been Aramaic. There are fragments of a Greek version, which have been used by the Ethiopic translator as a Vorlage.

            ...ይትመሰዉ ፡ ከመ ፡ መዓረ ፡ ግራ ፡ እምላህብ ። ወትሠጠም ፡ ምድር ፡ ወኲሉ ፡ ዘውስተ ፡...

            in element ab within a div, at 1.1

            ...፡ ኲሎሙ ፡ ቅድሜሁ ፡ ለኅሩይ ፡ ይከውኑ ፡ ከመ ፡ መዓረ ፡ ግራ ፡ ዘቅድመ ፡ ገጸ ፡ እሳት ...

            in element ab within a div, at 2.52
            comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

            List of computed witnesses

              stubworksLIT3602MiracleTEI
              Miracle of Mary: Miracle of Abraham, his wife Gerā and their blind daughter Elisabeth from Badramān
              CAe 3602Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
              1 in t:ab
              Abstract

              ...ይነብር፡ ውስቴታ፡ ብእሲ፡ ዘስሙ፡ አብርሃም፡ ወስመ፡ ብእሲቱ፡ ግራ፡ አንስት።

              in element t:ab within a t:text
              comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

              List of computed witnesses

                stubmanuscriptsBNFet143TEI
                Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 143
                1 in incipit
                Signatures
                BnF Éthiopien 143, Éth. 147
                Short Description
                This paper codex is composed of 370 leaves. It has 81 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: . There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                ...ረባ፡ ሙአይ፡ ወደቢ። ግራ፡ ሰው፡ ወንዶች፡ ፩፡ ማዋ። ...

                in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i1.12.12
                placespersonsrelations

                List of related persons

                No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                stubmanuscriptsBNFet616TEI
                Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 616
                8 in t:ab
                Signatures
                BnF Éthiopien 616, Griaule 308
                Short Description
                This parchment codex is composed of 2+94+2 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 5 September 1932. There are The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                ...ንና (ዘአደባባይ) ፡ ማርያም፡ ን፡ (ዘግምጃ ቤት) ፡ ቀኝና፡ ግራ፡ አድርገህ፡ ስራ፡ አለዎ ፤ ...

                in element t:ab within a t:div, at 10

                ...ፄም፡ ተነሡና፡ ታቦተ፡ ኢየሱስንና፡ ታቦተ፡ ማርያምን፡ ቀኝና፡ ግራ፡ አድርገው፡ ተከሉ፡ ከዚያ፡ በኋላ፡ መሠረቱም፡ እየጠና፡ ...

                in element t:ab within a t:div, at 10

                ...ጭዳ፡ ተከምራ፡ አገኛት። እንደማግኘቱ፡ ደስ፡ አለውና፡ ነገሩ፡ ግራ፡ ሆነበትና፡ እንደ፡ ግንድ፡ ዝም፡ ብሎ፡ ቁሞ፡ ፈዘዘ። ያ...

                in element t:ab within a t:div, at 23
                placespersonsrelations

                List of related persons

                No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                stubmanuscriptsBNFabb152TEI
                Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 152
                1 in seg
                Signatures
                BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 152
                Short Description
                This paper codex is composed of leaves. It has 5 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1844-48. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                ...ዖድ፡ ሞገሳ፡ ብሕትወደድሂ፡ ግራ፡ ወሰን፡ ሰገድ፡ ተይንዕ (sic)፡ እስላም፡ ሰገድ፡ እሉ...

                in element seg within a item, with id a2
                placespersonsrelations

                List of related persons

                No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                stubmanuscriptsEMIPms00472TEI
                Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Tweed MS 4
                1 in ab
                Signatures
                Tweed MS 4
                Short Description
                This parchment scroll is composed of leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                ... አዘር፡ ሃሃትብል፡ ዓውተበ፡ ዥስ፡ ዥ፡ መወ፡ ንብትክ፡ ግራ፡ ንግዚማ፡ ንዚማ፡ ንዚማ፡ ንዜማ፡ ንዜማ፡ ንዘማ፡ ንዜማ፡...

                in element ab within a div, at 2
                placespersonsrelations

                List of related persons

                No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                stubmanuscriptsIVEf27TEI
                Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Ef. 27
                1 in ab
                Signatures
                IV Ef. 27, Platonov cat. II.7
                Short Description
                This paper notebook is composed of 82 leaves. It has 8 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1875 (internal-date). There are The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                ...ሩበት። ተንጋሎ፡ ከመተኛት፡ በቀር፡ ወደ፡ ቀኝ፡ ወይም፡ ወደ፡ ግራ፡ መንቀሳቅስ፡ የለም። እንደ፡ ሰው፡ ባሕርይ፡ በግ...

                in element ab within a div, at chapter4
                placespersonsrelations

                List of related persons

                stubmanuscriptsESthmr009TEI
                Sāʿsiʿ Ṣaʿdā ʾƎmbā, Māy Rāzā Takla Haymānot, THMR-009
                1 in quote
                Signatures
                THMR-009
                Short Description
                This parchment codex is composed of 130.0 leaves. It has 2 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: . There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

                ... ወእማ፡ ላህየ፡ ድንግል፡ ወብእሲሃ፡ ሀብተ፡ ሥላሴ፡ ዝውእቱ፡ ግራ፡ አዝማች፡ ወሰን፡ ወውሉዳ፡ ...

                in element quote within a item, with id a1
                placespersonsrelations

                List of related persons

                stubmanuscriptsEMIP02072TEI
                Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 123
                1 in incipit
                Signatures
                Tweed Codex 123, EMIP 2072
                Short Description
                This parchment codex is composed of iii + 88 leaves. It has 18 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Late-nineteenth/early-twentieth century. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

                ...መንፈስ፡ ይላል፡ አዳምን፡ አትብላ፡ ያለውን፡ ዕፅ፡ ‎‎በልቶ፡ ግራ፡ መንገድ፡ ሄደ፡‎

                in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i7
                placespersonsrelations

                List of related persons

                No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                stubmanuscriptsTanasee1TEI
                Ṭānā, Kǝbrān Gabrǝʾel, Ṭānāsee 1
                2 in q
                Signatures
                Ṭānāsee 1, Kǝbrān 1, EMIP 3496
                Short Description
                This parchment codex is composed of 239 leaves. It has 12 main content units in 2 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: Palaeographic analysis indicates that the manuscript dates from the late 14th or early 15th century. This dating is supported by an addition (a2) of codicological unit 1 , which has 1412 when: 1412 as date for this addition. However this early dating of the manuscript is contradicted by a scribal supplication in (a54) of codicological unit 2 , which dates the manuscript to the mid-16th century, but which is at odds with another scribal supplication in (a4) of codicological unit 1 and is most likely a supplication referring to another codex on a folio, which was added later to the codex in a rebinding. This view is supported by (a59) of codicological unit 2 in the same quire, that contains a reference to the Mäṣḥafä milad , that is not included in this volume. (internal-date). There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                ...ርኃ፡ መጋቢት፡ እንዘ፡ ስማዕት፡ ይእቴ፡ እሌኒ፡ ያጼ፡ እናቶ፡ ግራ፡ በአልታ፡ ...

                in element q within a item, with id a10

                ... ግራ፡ ብቶደደ፡ ናዜ፡ ...

                in element q within a item, with id a10
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