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ʾƎndartā, Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MAKM-075

Magdalena Krzyzanowska (cataloguer), Denis Nosnitsin

This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the Catalogue Bibliography

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/ESmakm075
Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat[view repository]

Collection: Ethio-SPaRe

Other identifiers: C4-IV-22

Places IndexPersons IndexGeneralDescriptionPhysical DescriptionCatalogueAuthors

General description

ʾArbāʿtu wangel “Four Gospels”

Number of Text units: 1

Number of Codicological units: 1

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Origin

Original Location: Māy ʾAnbasā Kidāna Mǝḥrat / MAKM↗

See Additio 7.

Summary

I) Introduction (fols.3ra-9vb) - Maqdǝma Wangel “Introduction to the Gospels” (till the 7th period of instruction) (fols. 3ra-5vc) - Letter of Eusebius to Carpianus (fols. 5vc-6rb) - Statement about the Eusebian sections (fol. 6rb) - Canon tables (fols. 6rc-9ra) - “Synopsis of the Classes” (fol. 9rb-rc) - On the reliability of the Gospels (fol. 9va-vb) II) Gospel of Matthew (fols. 9vb- 50va) - List of the “tituli” for the Gospel of Matthew: 67 titles (fol. 9vb-10ra) - Bǝsrāta Mātewos “Gospel of Matthew” (fols. 11ra-50va) - Postscript (fol. 50va) III) Gospel of Mark (fols. 50vb-77ra) -Biography of Mark (fol. 50vb-51ra) - List of the “tituli” for the Gospel of Mark: 48 titles (fols. 51ra- 51v) - Bǝsrāta Mārqos “Gospel of Mark” (fols. 52ra-76vb) - Postscript (fol. 77ra) IV) Gospel of Luke (fols. 77ra-121va) -Biography of Luke (fol. 77ra-77va) - List of the “tituli” for the Gospel of Luke: 83 titles (fol. 77va-78rb) - Bǝsrāta Luqās “Gospel of Luke” (fols. 79ra-121rb) - Postscript (fol. 121va) V) Gospel of John (fols. 121va-157vb) - Biography of John (fol. 121va-122ra) - List of the “tituli” for the Gospel of John: 20 titles (fols. 122ra-rb) - Bǝsrāta Yoḥannǝs “Gospel of John” (fols. 123ra-157vb) - Postscript (fol. 157vb) Additiones 1-11.
  1. ms_i1 (),

Contents

Incipit ( ):

Explicit ( ):

Additions In this unit there are in total 1 .

  1. check the viewerf. 1r

    : Inventory of the properties of the May ʾAnbäsa monastery.

    A recent crude note written in pen. It registers liturgical utensils such as crosses, censers and vestments as well as curtains and mats.

  2. check the viewerf. 2r

    : Extensive inventory of the properties of the May ʾAnbäsa monatery, including books.

    The note has been erased, only some passages are discernible.

  3. check the viewerf. 2r

    : Record concerning reconciliation.

    In Amharic, dated to 1937 A.M. (?). A witness fingerprint and a stamp at the bottom of the note.

  4. check the viewerf. 2v

    : Inventory of the books of the May ʾAnbäsa monastery.

    The inventory provides titles of books and their numbers. There are about 150 books all together. In the upper, right and left parts of the fol. there are traces of a previous register.

  5. check the viewerf. 6rb

    :  Record concerning purchase of a piece of land.

    Dated to 1920 A.M. the note mentions, among others, daǧǧāzmāč Täkka ʿƎddǝl, ʾalaqā Mänkǝr and daǧǧāzmāč Bälay. The purchase concerns the land called የቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ መልቤ፡ ግራ፡ ቅንፊዝ.

  6. check the viewerf. 9ra

    b: Land (gʷǝlt) charter of May ʾAnbäsa issued by

    check the viewer9ra : አኰቴተ፡ አብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ወበጸሎታ፡ ኦእግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም፡ ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ ወሀብኩ፡ ጕለትኩ፡ እኔ፡ ራስ፡ መንገሻ፡ ወልዱ፡ ለዮሐንስ፡ ንጉሠ፡ ነገሥት፡ ዘኢትዮጵያ፡ ወሀብኩ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ መልቤ፡ አገር፡ ለሞላው፡ ለንጉሠ፡ ነገሥት፡ አጫ፡ ምንሊክ፡ አስፈቅዴ፡ ጉልት፡ ገዳም፡ እንዲሆን፡ ሰጥቼ፡ አለሁ፤ ይኸው፡ አፈ፡ መምህርነቱ፡ ለደጃዝማች፡ አባይ፡ ኃይለ፡ ማርያም፡ ሕጉና፡ ሥርዓቱ፡ እንደ፡ ኪዳነ፡ ምህረት፡ ማይ፡ አንበሳ፡ ገዳም፡ ሁኖ፡ እንዲተዳደሮ፡ ኅዳር፡ ሚካኤልና፡ ሰኔ፡ ክብረ፡ በዓሉ፡ የርስተ፡ ጉልቱ፡ ሕዝብ፡ እንጀራና፡ እዳው፡ ከላሳባት[sic]፡ ጢሰኛ፡ ነው። ከመንግሥት፡ ፈስስ፡ እስራት፡ ሲሶ፡ አቦል፡ ልደትና፡ ትንሣኤ፡ ፍልሰታ፡ ፫ት፡ ፊርዳ፡ ፭ት፡ ፭ት፡ ዋጫ፡ ማር፡ መባዕ፡ ሁለት፡ ሚን፡ ስንዴ፡ የቤተ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ መቀደሻ፡ ዳኝነት፡ ጭምር፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ መልቤ፡ ጕልትነቱ፡ አጥንቼ፡ ከንጉሠ፡ ነገሥት፡ አስፈቅዴ፡ ሰጥቼ፡ አለሁ፡ ይህንኑ፡ እንዳይፈርስ፡ በጳጳስነትና፡ ጫጌ፡ ቆሞሳት፡ ተወግዘው፡ በ፲፰፹፯፡ ዓመተ፡ ምህረት፡ ተጻፈ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ምንሊክ። rās Mängäša. In Amharic with some words in Gǝʿǝz. Ras Mängäša and King Mǝnǝlik are mentioned. The charter is dated to 1887 A.M. It concerns the land called የቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ መልቤ.

  7. check the viewerf. 10rb

    -rc: Land charter of May ʾAnbäsa issued by

    rās Mängäša. In Amharic. Yoḥannǝs IV, rās Mängäša and Mǝnilǝk are mentioned. The charter is dated to 1892 A.M. It concerns the lands called ʾAmba Qaṭa and Gǝra Mäsaguh. Towards the end of the note rās Mängäša is mentioned as the commissioner of the Four Gospels. Written in ink by the same hand as Additio VIII.

  8. check the viewerf. 10v

    : Note on land in Därgäʾağen in possession of

    daǧǧāzmāč ʾAbrǝha. In Amharic. Mǝnilǝk and daǧǧāzmāč ʾAbrǝha are mentioned. The note is dated to the 14th day of the month Naḥāse 1897 A.M. Written in ink by the same hand as Additio VII.

  9. check the viewerf. 122rb

    : Note on bequeathing the land and the rank by

    daǧǧāzmāč ʿAbay Ḫāyla Māryām to his son daǧǧāzmāč Bälay. In Amharic. Dated to 1915 A.M. during the reign of Zäwditu and rās Täfäri. Additionally, daǧǧāzmāč ʿAbbay Ḫāyla Māryām bequeaths his house in Mäqäle to fitawrari Kiros. Names of witnesses are mentioned. Written mainly in pen.

  10. check the viewerf. 158r

    : Inventory of the books and other properties of the May ʾAnbäsa monastery, during the tenure of abbot

    check the viewer158r : ኍልቈ፡ መጻሕፍት፡ ዘማየ፡ አንበሳ፡ ወንዋየ፡ ቅድሳት፡ ፴፭፡ ግምጃ፡ ፲፡ ሰበን፡ ፲፡ መስቀል፡ ፭፡ ጽንሀ፡ ፬፡ አክሊል፡ ፪፡ ቃጭል፡ ፮[sic]፡ ድባብ፡ ፩፡ ኩስኩስት፡ ፮[sic]፡ ፍጃል፡ ፬፡ ጭራ፡ ፲፡ ምንጻፍ፡ ፩፡ አውድ፡ ጻህል፡ ፩፡ ጽዋዕ፡ ፯፡ ማህፈድ፡ በዘመነ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ወንጌላዊ፡ ወሊቀ፡ ምኔት፡ አቡነ፡ ገብረ፡ ስላሴ፡ check the viewer158r : The number of books of May ʾAnbäsa and liturgical utensils: 35 vestments, 10 kerchiefs, 10 crosses, 5 censers, 4 crowns, 2 bells, 6 processional umbrellas, 1 water jugs, 6 cups (?), 4 fly whisks, 10 mats, 1 paten, 1 chalice, 7 silk clothes, in the year of Yoḥannǝs the Evangelist, while the head of the monastery is ʾabuna Gabra Śǝllāse. ʾabuna Gabra Śǝllāse.

  11. check the viewerf. 158va

    -vb: Inventory of the books and the liturgical utensils of the May ʾAnbäsa monastery.

    check the viewer158va- vb: ኍልቈ፡ መፃሕፍት፡ ዘማየ፡ አንበሳ፡ ፫ ወንጌል፡ ፩ ፍትሐ ነገሥት፡ ፪ ሥንክሳር፡ ፫ ሐዴሳት፡ ፪ተአምረ፡ ማርያም፡ ፪ተአምረ፡ ሚ፡ ፪ተአምረ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ፬፡ ቅዳሴ፡ ፪፡ ገብረ፡ መንፈ፡ ፩፡ ገድለ፡ ሳሙኤል፡ ፩፡ ገድለ፡ አረጋዊ፡ ፩፡ ኪሮስ፡ ፩፡ ገድለ፡ ተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ፪፡ ድርሳነ፡ ኪዳነ፡ ምህረ፡ ፩፡ ገብረ፡ ሕማማት፡ ፩፡ ድርሳነ፡ መድ፡ ሀኔ፡ አለ፡ ፪፡ ወንጌለ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ፩፡ ኪዳን፡ ፩፡ አናንያ፡ ፩፡ አረጋዊ፡ መንፈሳዊ፡ ፩፡ ነገሥ፡ ሥርዓተ፡ ቤተ፡ ክር፡ ፩፡ ድጓ፡ ፪፡ ጾመ፡ ድጓ፡ ፩፡ ምዕራፍ፡ ፪፡ መዝሙር፡ ፩፡ ዝማሬ፡ ፪፡ አርጋኖን፡ ውዳሴ፡ አምላክ፡ ፩፡ ወግሪስ፡ ፩፡ ጉባኤ፡ መልክዕ፡ ፲፡ ዳዊት፡ ፩፡ ቄድር፡ ፪፡ መጽሐፈ፡ ክርስትና፡ ፪፡ ጸሎተ፡ ዕጣን፡ ሐይማኖተ፡ አበው፡ ፩፡ መጽሐፈ፡ ጊዜያት፡ ፩ ------------------------------------ ንዋየ፡ ቤተ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘገብአ፡ በዘመነ፡ አቡነ፡ ወልደጊዮርጊስ፡ ሊቀ፡ ምኔት፡ ፭፡ ሠየዳ፡ ምንጻፍ፡ ፪፡ ብር፡ ዕርፈ፡ መስቀል፡ ፭፡ ግምጃ፡ ፪፡ ሠበን፡ ጾመ፡ ድጓ፡ ምዕራፍ፡ ፬፡ ዳዊት፡ አፈ፡ ወርቅ ፩፡ ቃል፡ ትምህርት፡ ፩፡ 156 ብራና In Gǝʿǝz. In the second part of the text the head ʾabuna Walda Giyorgis is mentioned. At the end, there is a note in pen, “156 manuscripts”.

Extras

  1. check the viewer95r check the viewer2r check the viewer157v check the viewer158r check the viewer31v check the viewer11r check the viewer52r check the viewer79r check the viewer79r

    - Shelfmark C4-IV-22 ()- : Erased text, unreadable. - ff.15v, 18rv, 19v, 21v, 22v, 45r, 98v, 103r, 119v: Marginal notes. - : Stamp. - : Crude drawings of 3 crosses, a face and eyes. - , 43r, 72v, 89r, 95r: Occasional rubricated notes written in the upper margin. - Baptismal names of some individuals are written in the incipit pages of the Gospels: Dǝmḍä Mäläkot (), Walatta Śǝllāse (), Gabra Śǝllāse (), Walatta Rufāʾel ().

  2. (Type: findingAid)

    Green thread is inserted in the right upper corner of check the viewerfol. 26 .

Catalogue Bibliography

This manuscript has modern restorations.

Physical Description

Form of support

Parchment Codex

Extent

Made of 159.0 (leaf) .Entered as 159.0 folios, in 22.0 (quire) .Entered as 22.0 quires (A+21). 330 300 70
Outer dimensions
Height 330
Width 300
Depth 70

Foliation

Quire Structure Collation

Position Number Leaves Quires Description
1 2 Fols 1r–2v A (2/fols. 1r-2v)
2 8 Fols 3r–10v I(8/fols. 3r-10v)
3 8 Fols 11r–18v II(8/fols. 11r-18v)
4 8 Fols 19r–26v III(8/fols. 19r-26v)
5 8 Fols 27r–34v IV(8/fols. 27r-34v)
6 8 Fols 35r–42v V(8/fols. 35r-42v)
7 8 Fols 43r–50v VI(8/fols. 43r-50v)
8 9 Fols 51r–58v VII(9; s. l. 9 stub after 8/fols. 51r-58v)
9 8 Fols 59r–66v VIII(8/fols. 59r-66v)
10 8 Fols 67r–74v IX(8/fols. 67r-74v)
11 4 Fols 75r–78v X(4/fols. 75r-78v)
12 8 Fols 79r–86v XI(8/fols. 79r-86v)
13 8 Fols 87r–94v XII(8/fols. 87r-94v)
14 8 Fols 95r–102v XIII(8/fols. 95r-102v)
15 8 Fols 103r–110v XIV(8/fols. 103r-110v)
16 8 Fols 111r–118v XV(8/fols. 111r-118v)
17 4 Fols 119r–122v XVI(4/fols. 119r-122v)
18 8 Fols 123r–130v XVII(8/fols. 123r-130v)
19 8 Fols 131r–138v XVIII(8/fols. 131r-138v)
20 8 Fols 139r–146v XIX(8/fols. 139r-146v)
21 8 Fols 147r–155v XX(8/fols. 147r-155v)
22 4 Fols 155r–159v XXI(4/fols. 155r-159v)

Collation diagrams


A (2/fols. 1r-2v)
Quire ID:q1
Collation diagram Quire 1 1 2 Unit #1

I(8/fols. 3r-10v)
Quire ID:q2
Collation diagram Quire 2 3 10 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

II(8/fols. 11r-18v)
Quire ID:q3
Collation diagram Quire 3 11 18 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

III(8/fols. 19r-26v)
Quire ID:q4
Collation diagram Quire 4 19 26 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

IV(8/fols. 27r-34v)
Quire ID:q5
Collation diagram Quire 5 27 34 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

V(8/fols. 35r-42v)
Quire ID:q6
Collation diagram Quire 6 35 42 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

VI(8/fols. 43r-50v)
Quire ID:q7
Collation diagram Quire 7 43 50 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

VII(9; s. l. 9 stub after 8/fols. 51r-58v)
Quire ID:q8
Collation diagram Quire 8 51 59 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

VIII(8/fols. 59r-66v)
Quire ID:q9
Collation diagram Quire 9 60 67 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

IX(8/fols. 67r-74v)
Quire ID:q10
Collation diagram Quire 10 68 75 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

X(4/fols. 75r-78v)
Quire ID:q11
Collation diagram Quire 11 76 79 Unit #1 Unit #2

XI(8/fols. 79r-86v)
Quire ID:q12
Collation diagram Quire 12 80 87 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XII(8/fols. 87r-94v)
Quire ID:q13
Collation diagram Quire 13 88 95 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XIII(8/fols. 95r-102v)
Quire ID:q14
Collation diagram Quire 14 96 103 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XIV(8/fols. 103r-110v)
Quire ID:q15
Collation diagram Quire 15 104 111 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XV(8/fols. 111r-118v)
Quire ID:q16
Collation diagram Quire 16 112 119 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XVI(4/fols. 119r-122v)
Quire ID:q17
Collation diagram Quire 17 120 123 Unit #1 Unit #2

XVII(8/fols. 123r-130v)
Quire ID:q18
Collation diagram Quire 18 124 131 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XVIII(8/fols. 131r-138v)
Quire ID:q19
Collation diagram Quire 19 132 139 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XIX(8/fols. 139r-146v)
Quire ID:q20
Collation diagram Quire 20 140 147 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XX(8/fols. 147r-155v)
Quire ID:q21
Collation diagram Quire 21 148 155 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XXI(4/fols. 155r-159v)
Quire ID:q22
Collation diagram Quire 22 156 159 Unit #1 Unit #2

Ethio-SPaRe formula : I(2/Fols 1r–2v) – II(8/Fols 3r–10v) – III(8/Fols 11r–18v) – IV(8/Fols 19r–26v) – V(8/Fols 27r–34v) – VI(8/Fols 35r–42v) – VII(8/Fols 43r–50v) – VIII(8+1/s.l. 9 stub after 8/Fols 51r–58v) – IX(8/Fols 59r–66v) – X(8/Fols 67r–74v) – XI(4/Fols 75r–78v) – XII(8/Fols 79r–86v) – XIII(8/Fols 87r–94v) – XIV(8/Fols 95r–102v) – XV(8/Fols 103r–110v) – XVI(8/Fols 111r–118v) – XVII(4/Fols 119r–122v) – XVIII(8/Fols 123r–130v) – XIX(8/Fols 131r–138v) – XX(8/Fols 139r–146v) – XXI(8/Fols 147r–155v) – XXII(4/Fols 155r–159v) –

Formula: Fols 1r–2v A (2/fols. 1r-2v) ; Fols 3r–10v I(8/fols. 3r-10v) ; Fols 11r–18v II(8/fols. 11r-18v) ; Fols 19r–26v III(8/fols. 19r-26v) ; Fols 27r–34v IV(8/fols. 27r-34v) ; Fols 35r–42v V(8/fols. 35r-42v) ; Fols 43r–50v VI(8/fols. 43r-50v) ; Fols 51r–58v VII(9; s. l. 9 stub after 8/fols. 51r-58v) ; Fols 59r–66v VIII(8/fols. 59r-66v) ; Fols 67r–74v IX(8/fols. 67r-74v) ; Fols 75r–78v X(4/fols. 75r-78v) ; Fols 79r–86v XI(8/fols. 79r-86v) ; Fols 87r–94v XII(8/fols. 87r-94v) ; Fols 95r–102v XIII(8/fols. 95r-102v) ; Fols 103r–110v XIV(8/fols. 103r-110v) ; Fols 111r–118v XV(8/fols. 111r-118v) ; Fols 119r–122v XVI(4/fols. 119r-122v) ; Fols 123r–130v XVII(8/fols. 123r-130v) ; Fols 131r–138v XVIII(8/fols. 131r-138v) ; Fols 139r–146v XIX(8/fols. 139r-146v) ; Fols 147r–155v XX(8/fols. 147r-155v) ; Fols 155r–159v XXI(4/fols. 155r-159v);

Formula 1: 1 (2), 2 (8), 3 (8), 4 (8), 5 (8), 6 (8), 7 (8), 8 (9), 9 (8), 10 (8), 11 (4), 12 (8), 13 (8), 14 (8), 15 (8), 16 (8), 17 (4), 18 (8), 19 (8), 20 (8), 21 (8), 22 (4),

Formula 2: 1 (2), 2 (8), 3 (8), 4 (8), 5 (8), 6 (8), 7 (8), 8 (9), 9 (8), 10 (8), 11 (4), 12 (8), 13 (8), 14 (8), 15 (8), 16 (8), 17 (4), 18 (8), 19 (8), 20 (8), 21 (8), 22 (4),

State of preservation

deficient

Condition

The spine cover and the leather on the bottom part of the front board are torn off. The first and the last quires of the Ms. are nearly separated from the text block because the threads of the stitches are broken.

Binding

Two wooden boards covered with dark brown tooled leather. Two pairs of sewing stations.

Binding decoration

Binding material

wood

leather

Original binding

No

Layout

Layout note 1

Palaeography

  • Hand 1

    Script: Ethiopic

    Fine, fluent, regular, by well-trained hand.

    Ink: Black, red.

    Rubrication: Nomina sacra; incipits and headings of the texts and incipit of Additio VI; the word mǝʿrāf and chapter numbers; numbers of the “Tituli”; elements of the punctuation signs and Ethiopic numbers; parts of the Canon tables; baptismal names of commemorated individuals (fols. 11r, 52r). In the incipit page of Text I and of each Gospel 7 lines are rubricated (alternating with black lines).

    Date: Late 19th century

    Late 19th century

    • Keywords

    New Testament

      Publication Statement

      authority
      Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
      pubPlace
      Hamburg
      publisher
      Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
      availability

      This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.

      date
      2016-06-07T17:43:31.911+02:00
      date
      type=expanded
      2022-04-08T12:07:01.554+02:00
      date
      type=lastModified
      10.5.2016
      idno
      type=collection
      manuscripts
      idno
      type=url
      https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESmakm075
      idno
      type=URI
      https://betamasaheft.eu/ESmakm075
      idno
      type=filename
      ESmakm075.xml
      idno
      type=ID
      ESmakm075

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    Suggested citation of this record

    Magdalena Krzyzanowska, Denis Nosnitsin, Pietro Maria Liuzzo, ʻʾƎndartā, Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MAKM-075 (encoded from the catalogue)ʼ, in Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2016-05-10) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESmakm075 [Accessed: 2024-11-04]

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    Revision history

    • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: transformed from mycore to TEI P5 on 10.5.2016
    • Magdalena Krzyzanowska Magdalena Krzyzanowska: last edited in Ethio-SPaRe on 22.9.2014
    • Magdalena Krzyzanowska Magdalena Krzyzanowska: catalogued in Ethio-SPaRe on 27.1.2012
    • Denis Nosnitsin: Ethio-SPaRe team photographed the manuscript on 4.11.2011
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    Attribution of the content

    Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.