Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
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Compare manuscripts which contain Malkǝʾa ʾAbuna Takla Hāymānot

They are currently 39.

London, British Library, BL Additional 16225 (350-350)
    Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 175 (1550-1550)
    Grottaferrata, Exarchic Greek Abbey of St. Mary of Grottaferrata, Crypt. Aet. 1 (1600-1600)
    Gulo Maḵadā, ʾArāʿro Takla Hāymānot, ATH-002 (1650-1650)
    London, British Library, BL Oriental 574 (1650-1650)
    Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 110 (1650-1650)
    • ms_i1 (complete), Psalter (ff. 1r-176v)
    • ms_i1.1 (complete), Mazmura Dāwit (ff. 1r-137v)
    • ms_i1.1.1, Monday (ff. 1r-)
    • ms_i1.1.2, Tuesday (ff. 25r-)
    • ms_i1.1.3, Wednesday (ff. 51v-)
    • ms_i1.1.4, Thursday (ff. 74v-)
    • ms_i1.1.5, Friday (ff. 105v-)
    • ms_i1.1.6, Saturday (ff. 122v-)
    • ms_i1.1.7, Sunday (ff. 137v-)
    • ms_i1.2 (complete), Book of Odes (ff. 137v-152v)
    • ms_i1.3 (complete), Song of Songs (ff. 152v-161r)
    • ms_i1.4 (complete), Wǝddāse Māryām (ff. 162r-172r)
    • ms_i1.4.1, Monday (ff. 162r-)
    • ms_i1.4.2, Tuesday (ff. 163r-)
    • ms_i1.4.3, Wednesday (ff. 164v-)
    • ms_i1.4.4, Thursday (ff. 166r-)
    • ms_i1.4.5, Friday (ff. 168v-)
    • ms_i1.4.6, Saturday (ff. 169v-)
    • ms_i1.4.7, Sunday (ff. 170v-)
    • ms_i1.5 (complete), ʾAnqaṣa bǝrhān (ff. 172r-176v)
    • ms_i2 (complete), Ṣalota kidān (ff. 176v-179v)
    Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Kaleab Addis Project 52 (1700-1700)
    Sāʿsiʿ Ṣaʿdā ʾƎmbā, Bet Muḵāʿ Mikāʾel, BMQM-013 (1700-1700)
    London, British Library, BL Additional 16201 (1700-1700)
    London, British Library, BL Oriental 581 (1700-1700)
    London, British Library, BL Oriental 576 (1700-1700)
    Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 51 (1700-1700)
    London, British Library, BL Oriental 577 (1721-1721)
      Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Kaleab Addis Project 65 (1750-1750)
      London, British Library, BL Additional 24184 (1800-1800)
      Gāntā ʾAfašum, Dabra Sāhl Qǝddus Mikāʾel Bet Maḵāʿ, DSM-006 (1800-1800)
      Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 173 (1800-1800)
      Egypt, Dayr as-Suryān, DS Ethiop. 12 (1800-1800)
      Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 140 (1800-1800)
      • ms_i1 (complete), Dǝrsāna Mikāʾel (ff. 2r-54r)
      • ms_i1.1, Homilies and Miracles
      • ms_i1.1.1, Introductory homily (ff. 2r-4r)
      • ms_i1.1.2, Ḫǝdar (ff. 4r-9r)
      • ms_i1.1.2.1, Homily by Dämatewos, bishop of Alexandria (ff. 4r-8v)
      • ms_i1.1.2.2, Miracle (ff. 8v-9r)
      • ms_i1.1.3, Taḫśaś (ff. 9r-13r)
      • ms_i1.1.3.1, Homily by John, the archbishop (ff. 9r-12v)
      • ms_i1.1.3.2, Miracle (ff. 12v-13r)
      • ms_i1.1.3.3, Greeting to the Archangel, Sälam (ff. 13r-)
      • ms_i1.1.4, Ṭǝrr (ff. 13r-17v)
      • ms_i1.1.4.1, Homily (ff. 13r-17r)
      • ms_i1.1.4.2, Miracle (ff. 17r-17v)
      • ms_i1.1.5, Yäkkatit (ff. 17v-20v)
      • ms_i1.1.5.1, Homily (ff. 17v-19v)
      • ms_i1.1.5.2, Miracle (ff. 19v-20v)
      • ms_i1.1.6, Mäggabit (ff. 20v-24v)
      • ms_i1.1.6.1, Homily by the archbishop of Antioch (ff. 20v-23v)
      • ms_i1.1.6.2, Miracle (ff. 23v-24v)
      • ms_i1.1.7, Miyazya (ff. 24v-29v)
      • ms_i1.1.7.1, Homily (ff. 24v-28v)
      • ms_i1.1.7.2, Miracle (ff. 28v-29v)
      • ms_i1.1.8, Gǝnbot (ff. 30r-32r)
      • ms_i1.1.8.1, Homily by Yoḥannǝs, Bishop of Ethiopia, who came after Bishop Yǝṣḥaq, on the conflict between the consort of King Arqadewos and John Chysostom (ff. 30r-31r)
      • ms_i1.1.8.2, Miracle (ff. 31r-32r)
      • ms_i1.1.9, Säne (ff. 32r-37r)
      • ms_i1.1.9.1, Homily by Yoḥannǝs, Bishop of Aksum on the family of Astäraniqos and Euphemia (ff. 32r-36r)
      • ms_i1.1.9.2, Miracle (ff. 36r-37r)
      • ms_i1.1.10, Ḥamle (ff. 37r-40r)
      • ms_i1.1.10.1, Homily by Bishop Yoḥannǝs on the wicked wealthy man whose property was inherited by the son of his poor neighbor (ff. 37r-39v)
      • ms_i1.1.10.2, Miracle (ff. 39v-40r)
      • ms_i1.1.11, Näḥase (ff. 40r-43r)
      • ms_i1.1.11.1, Homily (anonymous) on the book of the angels that came from Jerusalem (ff. 40r-42r)
      • ms_i1.1.11.2, Miracle (ff. 42r-43r)
      • ms_i1.1.12, Mäskäräm (ff. 43r-45r)
      • ms_i1.1.12.1, Homily (anonymous) on not worshipping other gods (ff. 43r-44v)
      • ms_i1.1.12.2, Miracle (ff. 44v-45r)
      • ms_i1.1.13, Ṭǝqǝmt (ff. 45v-48v)
      • ms_i1.1.13.1, Homily (anonymous) on the need to make the angels sureties by honoring them (ff. 45v-47v)
      • ms_i1.1.13.2, Miracle (ff. 47v-48v)
      • ms_i1.2, Synaxary Entries and Greetings (ff. 48v-53r)
      • ms_i1.2.1, Synaxary Entry for Ḫǝdar: Mission to Joshua, son of Nun and Greeting to the Archangel, Sälam (ff. 48v-49r)
      • ms_i1.2.2, Synaxary Entry for Taḫśaś Mission of the Archangel to rescue the three holy children, and Greeting to the Archangel, Sälam (ff. 49r-49v)
      • ms_i1.2.3, Synaxary Entry for Ṭǝrr Mission of the Archangel to Jacob, and Greeting to the Archangel, Sälam (ff. 49v-)
      • ms_i1.2.4, Synaxary Entry for Yäkkatit, Mission of the Archangel to Samson, the giant, and Greeting to the Archangel, Sälam (ff. 49v-50r)
      • ms_i1.2.5, Synaxary Entry for Mäggabit, Mission of the Archangel to Balaam, and Greeting to the Archangel, Sälam (ff. 50r-)
      • ms_i1.2.6, Synaxary Entry for Miyazya, Mission of the Archangel to the Prophet Jeremiah, and Greeting to the Archangel, Sälam (ff. 50r-50v)
      • ms_i1.2.7, Synaxary Entry for Gǝnbot, Mission of the Archangel to Habakkuk, and Greeting to the Archangel, Sälam (ff. 50v-51r)
      • ms_i1.2.8, Synaxary Entry for Säne, the building of the church of the Archangel in place of a pagan temple in Alexandria, and Greeting to the Archangel, Sälam (ff. 51r-51v)
      • ms_i1.2.9, Synaxary Entry for Ḥamle, Mission to the camp of Sennacherib, and Greeting to the Archangel, Sälam (ff. 51v-52r)
      • ms_i1.2.10, Synaxary Entry for Näḥase, Mission of the Archangel to the Emperor Constantine, and Greeting to the Archangel, Sälam (ff. 52r-52v)
      • ms_i1.2.11, Synaxary Entry for Mäskäräm, Mission to Prophet Isaiah, and Greeting to the Archangel, Sälam (ff. 52v-)
      • ms_i1.2.12, Synaxary Entry for Ṭǝqǝmt, Mission to Prophet Samuel, and Greeting to the Archangel, Sälam (ff. 52v-53r)
      • ms_i1.3, Miracle
      • ms_i1.3.1, Miracle for the month of Ḫǝdar (ff. 53r-54r)
      • ms_i2, Prayer to Jesus Christ, “God, Our Lord, We Beseech You by Your Blood and Flesh,” (ff. 54r-54v)
      • ms_i3, Excerpts of a unique Greetings to the Saints, compiled from various sources (ff. 54v-55v)
      • ms_i4 (complete), Malkǝʾ-hymn to Our Lady Mary (ff. 55v-)
      • ms_i5 (complete), Ṣalot za-ʾǝgzǝʾǝtǝna Māryām ba-Dabra Golgotā (ff. 56r-68r)
      • ms_i6 (complete), Tǝmhǝrta ḫǝbuʾāt (ff. 68r-73r)
      • ms_i7 (complete), Malkǝʾa ḥǝmāmāta masqal (ff. 73r-81r)
      • ms_i8 (complete), Malkǝʾa ʾAbuna Takla Hāymānot (ff. 81r-89v)
      Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 70 (1800-1800)
      Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 130 (1800-1800)
      Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 170 (1800-1800)
      London, British Library, BL Additional 16257 (1839-1839)
        Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 56 (1868-1868)
        Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 070 (1889-1889)
        Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Holcomb Codex 1 (1889-1889)
        Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 118 (1900-1900)
        • ms_i1 (complete), Sayfa Śǝllāse
        • ms_i1.1, Daily (ff. 51r-55r)
        • ms_i1.2, Daily, continued (41r–42r); Tuesday (42r–49r); Wednesday (‎‎49r–50v)‎ (ff. 41r-50v)
        • ms_i1.3, Wednesday, continued (31r–34v); Thursday (34v–40v)‎ (ff. 31r-40v)
        • ms_i1.4, Thursday, continued (21r); Friday (21r–28v); Saturday (28v–‎‎30v)‎ (ff. 21r-30v)
        • ms_i1.5, Saturday, continued (11r–13v); Sunday (13v–19r)‎ (ff. 11r-13v)
        • ms_i2 (complete), Malkǝʾa Śǝllāse (ff. 19r-20v ff. 1r-6v)
        • ms_i3 (complete), Malkǝʾa ʾAbuna Takla Hāymānot (ff. 7r-10v ff. 61r-62v)
        Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 101 (1900-1900)
          (1900-1900)
          Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 093 (1900-1900)
          Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 131 (1932-1932)
          (1950-1950)
          Williams, OR, Marwick Collection, Marwick Codex 16 (-)
          Saint Petersburg, Rossijskaja Nacionalnaja Biblioteka, RNB SPbDA B III 8 (-)
          London, British Library, BL Oriental 580 (-)
          London, British Library, BL Oriental 573 (-)
          London, British Library, BL Oriental 578 (-)