✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

You can run a simple search which will look in all text indexes. This is the simplest search that we can offer. Check the options below the input box if you want to change the default settings.

Note that you can click on and/or symbols under the search field for additional filters/facets and on to activate the virtual keyboard.

When the results appear you can use facets to narrow your selection. For that, first select the facet (Item type, Author of changes, Keywords, etc.) and then press "refine search results ". Here you can get a list of items given some parameters, like the entity type, without searching for a string. You can play with the filters to restrict the search and you can certainly combine these with a text search. If you know the identifier (ID) of an item (LIT1234name, MS123abc, PRS12345name, etc.) you can paste it here, and you will get it in the results. if you know only a part, eg. LIT20... it will give you all those which match. To reach a given item with its ID, you can also append that to the base URL of the website, https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1234name and you will be redirected to the correct landing page. If you have at hand the Clavis Aethiopica number of a Textual Unit, e.g. CAe 1234, you can enter it here and the search will point you to that record. We record (unsystematically) corresponding identifiers from other Claves, like CAVT or CANT, here you can select which one you want to look for and search for records pointing to that. We record for each repository information on settlement, region and country. By searching for the identifier of a place the query will look at related places and check for other repositories which may be associated. If you know how to write your XPath, and know the source TEI (available for each file, by appending .xml to the identifier of the record) you will be able to run that query against the db here. Not all possible paths are optimized. Parallel to the XML, also an RDF triple store is maintained by the project. Here you get an interface to the SPARQL endpoint. You can add your SPARQL query and see the results available.
In the search mask above, you can search for text, below there are options and you can add filters ( ). You can then use facets to narrow your selection.
But text is not all you can search for. In the top menu you can switch to other types of queries and searches which rely on different indexes and data formats. You can check this box to use 'smart' ranking, where a higher score is assigned to hits in placeName, persName, title or to records with text or an occupation element. This will make you wait a bit more. If running a text search, you can select the type of text search. This determines how the single words which you enter are matched in the indexes here By default the search will use OR as an operator, which means that if you search two words you will get hits which contain one OR the other. You may wish to use AND to get the matches which contain your first word AND your second word. If you want them in that particular order, consider using phrase mode from the search type. Click on this plus button to see a series of additional options for your search. If you wish to search for a given word in the hands descriptions and another word in the decorations, here you can do that, using fields. This may help you enter characters which are not immediately present on your keyboard. Keep a letter pressed for additional forms. Use Shift and Alt for alternative keyboards. Instead of the pointer you can use your own keyboard with these values when active. Homophones are mechanically replaced for you, so that for example, if you search for one of 'ሀ', 'ሐ', 'ኀ', 'ሃ', 'ሓ', 'ኃ' we will search for all of them. If you deselect this checkbox the list of homophones will not be considered and only the exact string you searched will be passed on. Homophones are not replaced for search strings longer than 10 characters and is not applied in all modes. If you entered a search string for a Gǝʿǝz string, either typing it in Fidal or in a transliteration format, we can try to convert it and search also the other form. If you entered ወልደ the search engine will look also for walda. If you entered walda also for ወልደ. This depends on the availability of the alternate form.

You can enter above your SPARQL query to the RDF representation of the data stored in Apache Jena Fuseki. Please use single quotes ' not double.

PREFIXes are already there (see below), so you can start with SELECT. If you prefer to use your prefixes, do so, no problem. A super tutorial on how to build SPARQL queries is here at Apache Jena.

Results do not have facets and are presented as they are requested in the query from the SPARQL response.



PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX lawd: <http://lawd.info/ontology/>
PREFIX oa: <http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#>
PREFIX ecrm: <http://erlangen-crm.org/current/>
PREFIX crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/>
PREFIX gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#>
PREFIX agrelon: <http://d-nb.info/standards/elementset/agrelon.owl#>
PREFIX rel: <http://purl.org/vocab/relationship/>
PREFIX dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
PREFIX bm: <https://betamasaheft.eu/>
PREFIX pelagios: <http://pelagios.github.io/vocab/terms#>
PREFIX syriaca: <http://syriaca.org/documentation/relations.html#>
PREFIX saws: <http://purl.org/saws/ontology#>
PREFIX snap: <http://data.snapdrgn.net/ontology/snap#>
PREFIX pleiades: <https://pleiades.stoa.org/>
PREFIX wd: <https://www.wikidata.org/>
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX t: <http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0>
PREFIX sdc: <https://w3id.org/sdc/ontology#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

You can also use the API to query the SPARQL endpoint, using https://betamasaheft.eu/api/SPARQL with the query in a parameter q. The results are SPARQL Query Results XML Format, as the one visualized below.

In the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines you can find the OWLDoc Documentation and a visualization thanks to webVOWL of the current ontology developed with Protégé.

Some examples of the data you are querying

Documentation on Linked Open Data can be found here.

Examples:
Search for female donors: "SELECT ?ms ?person WHERE { ?annotation a bm:donor ; oa:hasBody ?person ; oa:hasTarget ?ms . ?ms a bm:mss . ?person foaf:gender 'female' . } "
Manuscripts with a patron of the imperial family: "SELECT DISTINCT ?manuscript ?patron ?relation ?ruler WHERE{ ?annotation a bm:patron ; oa:hasTarget ?manuscript ; oa:hasBody ?patron . ?manuscript a bm:mss . ?patron snap:hasBond ?bondName . ?bondName rdf:type ?relation ; snap:bond-with ?ruler . ?ruler snap:occupation 'Emperor' . }"
Mountains mentioned in Liturgy manuscripts: "SELECT DISTINCT ?mountain ?manuscript WHERE { ?att oa:hasBody ?mountain ; oa:hasTarget ?manuscript . ?manuscript a bm:mss ; a bm:Liturgy . ?mountain a bm:place ; pleiades:hasFeatureType in <https://betamasaheft.eu/authority-files/mountain> . } LIMIT 50"

The results presented here are visualized with d3sparql

Enter above your XPath 3.0 query to the data. (You can alternatively use the old XPath search page here) Please, use t: namespace for TEI elements. The starting point of any Xpath should be $config:collection-root if you are searching the entire dataset.

NB: if you are a member of the BM GitHub organization and work with Oxygen you may run your XPath Queries directly in your Oxygen project; in this case start the string directly with //TEI.

You can also use, as a cached and short form to point to collections the following variables: $config:collection-rootMS for manuscripts; $config:collection-rootW for Textual Units $config:collection-rootPl for places; $config:collection-rootPr for persons; $config:collection-rootIn for repositories; $config:collection-rootA for authority files.

Examples:
Persons marked up in colophons: $config:collection-rootMS//t:colophon[t:persName]
Manuscripts with at least 26 additions: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[@xml:id='a26']
Manuscripts with a text marked up as Amharic: $config:collection-rootMS//t:TEI[descendant::t:textLang[@mainLang='am' or @otherLangs='am']]
Manuscripts with additions that contain something tagged Amharic: $config:collection-rootMS//t:TEI[not(contains(@xml:id, 'IHA'))]//t:additions[descendant::t:*[@xml:lang='am']]
Records with the title with the subtype inscriptio: $config:collection-root//t:title[contains(@subtype,'inscriptio')]
Manuscripts that have at least 31 quires: $config:collection-rootMS//t:collation/t:list[count(t:item) ge 31]
Manuscripts where a roleName appears: $config:collection-rootMS//t:roleName
Additons of the type OwnershipNote: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[t:desc[@type='OwnershipNote']]
Place records revised in 2022: $config:collection-rootPl//t:revisionDesc/t:change[contains(concat(' ', @when, ' '), '2022')]
Work records that contain "Senodos" inside title: $config:collection-rootW//t:titleStmt/t:title[contains(.,'Senodos')]
Works that contain the string "Senodos" somewhere: $config:collection-rootW//*[contains(.,'Senodos')]
Person record which have at least some attribute for birth and death (can be when, notBefore, notAfter) elements and occupation type ruler: $config:collection-rootPr//t:person[t:birth[@*]][t:death[@*]][t:occupation[@type='ruler']]
Manuscripts with miniatures in them: $config:collection-rootMS//t:decoDesc[t:decoNote[@type='miniature']]
Manuscripts with an addition element typed Ownership Note followed by another one with type Supplication: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[t:desc[@type='OwnershipNote']][following-sibling::t:item[t:desc[@type='Supplication']]]

Here you can differentiate your search by looking at the text of constructed strings from specific portions of the data. You can search for records which have a word occurring in the decoration and another in the content description, for example.















Resource type
manuscript7
textual unit6
General
Ashlee Benson1
Augustine Dickinson1
Carsten Hoffmann1
Daria Elagina1
Denis Nosnitsin1
Dorothea Reule8
Eugenia Sokolinski6
Hizkiel Mitiku1
Jonah Sandford1
Jonas Karlsson1
Magdalena Krzyzanowska1
Marcin Krawczuk1
Massimo Villa2
Pietro Maria Liuzzo10
Ralph Lee1
Ran HaCohen2
Solomon Gebreyes1
Stéphane Ancel1
Susanne Hummel1
Ted Erho1
Vitagrazia Pisani1
2024-01-301
2024-10-021
2024-10-281
2023-03-161
2023-03-211
2023-03-221
2023-09-211
2023-10-091
2023-11-271
2022-03-221
2022-06-231
2022-10-181
2022-10-201
2021-02-021
2021-07-201
2021-09-201
2021-09-211
2021-11-201
2020-01-221
2020-02-031
2020-03-111
2020-03-251
2020-04-061
2020-04-171
2020-05-061
2020-06-111
2020-07-271
2020-09-021
2020-09-031
2020-10-061
2020-10-201
2019-02-211
2019-02-271
2019-06-041
2019-11-041
2019-11-081
2018-01-091
2018-01-181
2018-02-151
2018-06-291
2018-08-021
2018-11-281
2018-12-051
2017-01-181
2017-01-241
2017-03-071
2017-03-141
2017-03-301
2017-06-151
2017-07-182
2017-07-212
2017-07-271
2017-11-221
2017-11-301
2016-02-093
2016-03-213
2016-05-101
2016-06-081
2016-07-261
2016-11-071
2016-11-081
2016-11-221
2016-12-142
2015-09-111
2011-03-021
2010-05-101
Cross1
Leaf string marker1
Golden Gospel1
Apocrypha2
Bible3
Chants1
Christian Literature10
Chronicles1
Hagiography2
History and Historiography3
Homily1
Liturgy1
Natural Sciences1
New Testament2
Old Testament2
Poetry1
Translation4
Amharic1
Arabic1
English12
Gǝʿǝz 12
Italian 1
Latin 1
Manuscripts
Leaf string markers1
cross1
leather3
paper1
parchment2
wood2
EMIP1
Ethio-SPaRe2
Oriental1
Orientali2
101
12
23
31
complete4
incomplete5
deficient1
good3
intact1
ʾAkkʷateta qʷǝrbān za-ḥawāryāt1
Amharic Commentary on Ezekiel1
ʾAnqaṣa bǝrhān1
Bārtos1
Chronicle of John of Nikiu1
Conclusion of an unidentifiable text1
Dǝrsān qālu za-bǝṣuʿ Yāʿqob ʾeṗis qoṗos za-Śǝrug baʾǝnta malʾak wa-fayyātāwi1
Dǝrsān za-ʾabbā Yāʿqob ṗāṗṗās za-hagara Nǝṣǝbin za-kama maṣʾa nǝguśa Fārs ba-mawāʿǝlihu wǝst hagara Nǝṣǝbin1
Dǝrsān za-bǝṣuʿ Fisālgos1
Entry from the Synaxarium about Ezekiel1
Four Gospels1
Homily on Abbā Maṭā' (Libānos)1
Homily on Abbā Yoḥanni (by Minās)1
Homily on John, hegumen of Scetis1
Homily on the Passion of Our Lord1
Image of Ezekiel, መልክዓ፡ ሕዝቅኤል፡1
Kǝbra nagaśt1
Legend of Abgar (general record)1
Life of Abraham of Qidun1
Life of Archelides1
Life of Daniel of Scetis and Emperor Honorius1
Life of Eugene and his daughter Marina1
Life of Euphrasia of Constantinople1
Life of Ezekielዜና፡ (ሕዝቅኤል፡)1
Life of Hilarion1
Life of Mark of Tarmaqa1
Life of Maximus and Domitius1
Life of Pidjimi1
Life of Pshoi1
List of canonical books1
Maṣḥafa ṭǝnta hāymānot1
Nǝgǝranni sǝmaka1
Nicene Creed1
Pauline Epistles1
Prayer of exorcism1
Prayer of Our Lady Mary to Jesus Christ at the sepulchre1
Prayer to Our Lady Mary1
Protective prayer containing divine names1
Rāʾǝya [ʾǝgzǝʾǝtǝna] Māryām1
Ṣalot za-ʾǝgzǝʾǝtǝna Māryām ba-Dabra Golgotā1
Ṣalot za-qǝddus Qoṗrǝyānos1
Sections of the Inherited land and the Names of the Twelve Tribes of Israel (Ezekiel 40–48), ክፍለ፡ ምድረ፡ ርስት፡ ወአስማቲሆሙ፡ ለአሠርቱ፡ ወክልኤቱ፡ አንጋደ፡ እስራኤል፡1
Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Second half of the year1
Tārika Walda ʿAmid1
The story of Secundus, King Hadrian's sage and of his teachings, his wisdom and his dialogue1
Vision of Sinodā - Recension A1
Zenā bǝḍuʿān ba-mawāʿǝla ʾErmǝyās1
Zenā ʾƎskǝndǝr1
ዜናሁ፡ ለአስክንድር፡1
ገድለ ፡ ሲኖዳ Gadla Sinodā Life of Shenoute1
ገድለ ፡ ያሳይ / Gadla Yāsāy / Life of Yāsāy, the orthodox king of Rome1
ገድለ ፡ ገብረ ፡ ክርስቶስ / Gadla Gabra Krestos / Life of Alexis1
ገድለ ፡ ጰንጠሌዎን / Gadla Panṭalēwon1
ፍካሬ፡ ኢየሱስ፡1
Ṭǝbaba Sābelā1
14131
14401
16001
17501
19571
13701
15011
17001
19561
801
931
Tasabka Madḫǝn1
Codex7
1201
14.8751
2531
3001
3161
5621
no9
yes4
Leaf string markers1
paper1
parchment6
09
11
111
22
012
21
09
11
111
42
08
13
31
41
010
201
211
301
013
06
181
191
251
3071
371
781
81
1441
1651
191+11
2061
6+214+41
iv + 3001
no13
ʾAsir Matirā1
Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana2
British Library1
Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat1
Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs1
Dabra Ṣǝyon Māryām1
Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project1
Hill Museum and Manuscript Library1
1A-1A-1A1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C1
1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C1
The ruling pattern is different from the pattern of the regular text quires.1
Habta Māryām1
Yoḥannǝs1
Ethiopic5
only metadata3
some text present10
bindingMaterial5
Boards1
Cover1
drawing2
Endbands1
EndLeaves1
frame2
ornamentation1
Other1
SewingStations1
ethiopian1
CommemorativeNote1
GuestText2
LandGrant1
OwnershipNote1
Record1
Unclear2
findingAid1
OwnershipNote2
StampExlibris1
Unclear2
131
1651
2051
3001
4101
851
111
211
231
261
321
361
Textual and Narrative Units
only metadata3
some text present10
Places and Repositories
Persons and Groups
14991
16001
17001
17501
15011
16011
17001
15491
ethnic4
n/a13
individual13

There are 13 entities matching your text query for "ጽንዐ" with the parameters shown at the right. (searched: ጽንዐ)

Search time: 0.449 seconds.
mode: nonesearchType: text
    title
    hits count
    first three keywords in context
    item-type specific options
    stubmanuscriptsEMIP00691TEI
    ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 37
    1 in foreign
    Signatures
    37, EMIP 691
    Short Description
    This parchment codex is composed of iv + 300 leaves. It has 7 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: . There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

    ዕኑዕ፡ ጽንዐ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡

    in element foreign within a msItem, with id ms_i1.1
    placespersonsrelations

    List of related persons

    No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

    stubmanuscriptsESam019TEI
    Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, ʾAsir Matirā, AM-019
    2 in ab
    Signatures
    AM-019
    Short Description
    This parchment codex is composed of leaves. It has 183 main content units in 1 codicological unit. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

    ... ሰት፡ አልባስ፡ ወራዙት። ወሶ በ፡ ርእየ፡ ናሁ፡ ጽንዐ፡ ልባ፡ ወይ እቲ፡ ትትጋደል፡ በእንተ፡ ረኪ ...

    in element ab within a div, at 15

    ...፡ ቅድስት፡ ወሶ በ፡ ርእየ፡ ተፈሥሐ፡ ባቲ፡ ወአ ጽንዐ፡ ልል፡ ወተዘዘ፡ ልባ፡ ወኩ ነና፡ መኰንን፡ ካነረ፡...

    in element ab within a div, at 25
    placespersonsrelations

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    No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

    stubworksLIT4275ChronAmdSTEI
    Chronicle of ʿAmda Ṣǝyon
    CAe 4275Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
    1 in ab
    Witnesses
      Abstract
      Account of campaigns of ʿAmda Ṣǝyon I against the Muslims of South-East Ethiopia. According to , originally it was not a real historical work, but a homily to read in the church, with a propagandist purpose.

      በከመ፡ ይቤ፡ መጽሐፍ፡ ጽንዐ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በእግዚአብሔር፡ ያስተርኢ፡ በላዕለ፡ ድኩማን፡ ወንጉሥሰ፡ ...

      in element ab within a div, at 405
      comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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      stubworksLIT1367ExodusTEI
      Exodus
      CAe 1367Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
      1 in t:l
      Witnesses

        ... ዘስንፒር ፡ ወከመ ፡ ርእየተ ፡ ጽንዐ ፡ ሰማይ ፡ ሶበ ፡ ኀወጸት ።

        in element t:l within a t:l, at 24
        comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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          stubmanuscriptsBMLor403TEI
          Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML Or. 403
          2 in ab
          Signatures
          BML Or. 403, Marrassini ms. 11, BML-011
          Short Description
          This parchment codex is composed of 6+214+4 leaves. It has 36 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1400-1500 (dating on palaeographic grounds). There are The description includes a collation of the quires.

          ... ንጽገብ፡ መንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ጽንዐ፡ ዘይማኖት፡ በጽድቅ፡ ከመ፡ ለዝዕኪያከ፡ ንዌድስ፡...

          in element ab within a div, at 174

          ... ንጽገብ፡ መንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ጽንዐ፡ ዘይማኖት፡ በጽድቅ፡ ከመ፡ ለዝዕኪያከ፡ ንዌድስ፡...

          in element ab within a div, at 175
          placespersonsrelations

          List of related persons

          No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

          stubmanuscriptsBMLor70TEI
          Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML Or. 70
          1 in ab
          Signatures
          BML Or. 70, Marrassini ms. 2, BML 2
          Short Description
          This paper codex is composed of 206 leaves. It has 21 main content units in 2 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: XVI c.. There are The description includes a collation of the quires.

          ... ሰስተርአዮ፡ እስከ፡ ይበጽሕ፡ ዕድሜሁ፡ እስመ፡ ወድአ፡ ጽንዐ፡ ምክረ፡ ኀውአ፡ ት፡ ወይእዜኒ፡ ዘይከ...

          in element ab within a div, at 152
          placespersonsrelations

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          stubmanuscriptsESmy008TEI
          Gulo Maḵadā, Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs, MY-008
          1 in q
          Signatures
          MY-008
          Short Description
          This parchment codex is composed of 144 leaves. It has 13 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Late fourteenth/early fifteenth century, probably 1382-1412. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

          ... ሕዝብ፡ ወይብሉ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ተሠሃለነ። ጸልዩ። በእንተ፡ ዛቲ፡ ጽንዐ፡ መካን፡ እ...

          in element q within a item, with id a9
          placespersonsrelations

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          stubworksLIT6763IntroEgzNagsaTEI
          Introduction to ʾƎgziʾabǝḥer nagśa
          CAe 6763Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
          1 in ab
          Abstract
          An introduction to a work called መጽሐፈ፡ ተጋንዮ፡ ዘይሰመይ፡ እግዚኣብሔር፡ ነግሠ፡, Maṣḥafa tagānǝyo za-yǝssammay ʾƎgziʾābǝḥer nagśa, ‘Book of praise that is called “The Lord reigns”’. It is unclear if this refers to one of the collections with this title described in or not (see ).

          ...ላዌ ሁ፡ አልቦ፡ አሜሃ፡ ጽንዐ፡ ሰማያት፡ ...

          in element ab within a text
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            stubworksLIT1709KebranTEI
            Kǝbra nagaśt
            CAe 1709Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
            1 in ab
            Author attributions
            Witnesses
            Abstract
            The Kǝbra nagaśt is a kind of historical novel intended to justify the Solomonic dynasty by demonstrating its Israelite descent.

            ...ልበሲ ፡ ኀይለኪ ፡ ወሙኢዮሙ ፡ ለጸላእትኪ ፡ ወ ፡ ሀብነ ፡ ጽንዐ ፡ ለነገሥትኪ ፡ ወአስተኀፍርዮሙ ፡ ለእለ ...

            in element ab within a div, at 54
            comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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            stubmanuscriptsBLorient818TEI
            London, British Library, BL Oriental 818
            Link to images
            1 in ab
            Signatures
            BL Oriental 818, Wright cat. CCXCI, Wright 291
            Short Description
            This parchment codex is composed of 191+1 leaves. It has 73 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1700-1750. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

            ... ንጉሥ፡ በሀገረ፡ ቍስጥንጥንያ፡ በእንተ፡ ጽንዐ፡ አብያተ፡ ክርስቲያናት፡ ወበእንተ፡ ምክንያት፡ ዘጢሞቴዎስ...

            in element ab within a text, at tei:div[1]
            placespersonsrelations

            List of related persons

            stubworksLIT2741RepCh25TEI
            Malkǝʾa ḥǝmāmāta masqal
            CAe 2741Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
            1 in t:l

            በእንተ፡ ርእስከ፡ አቅንተነ፡ ጽንዐ፨

            in element t:l within a t:l, at malke
            comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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              stubworksLIT1340EnochETEI
              Maṣḥafa Henok
              CAe 1340Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
              Clavis (list of identifiable texts) ID
              CAVTClavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti 61 [check the Clavis Clavium]
              1 in ab
              Witnesses
                Abstract
                The Maṣḥafa Henok is a Jewish apocalypse preserved only in Gǝʿǝz. The original language of the work seems to have been Aramaic. There are fragments of a Greek version, which have been used by the Ethiopic translator as a Vorlage.

                ... ፤ ርኢኩ ፡ ውስተ ፡ ጽንፈ ፡ ምድር ፡ ጽንዐ ፡ ዘሰማይ ፡ መልዕልተ ። ወኅለፍኩ ፡ መንገለ ፡ አዜብ ...

                in element ab within a div, at 1.18
                comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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                  stubmanuscriptsEMML7602TEI
                  Tulluu Guddoo, Dabra Ṣeyon Māryām, Tulloo Guddoo Book of Saints
                  Link to images
                  1 in incipit
                  Signatures
                  Tulloo Guddoo Book of Saints, EMML no. 7602
                  Short Description
                  This parchment codex is composed of 165 leaves. It has 18 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Before 1413. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                  ... ዲቤሁ ፡ ቅዱስ ፡ መንፈስ ፡ እጼውዕ ፡ እስመ ፡ ለዝክቱ ፡ ጽንዐ ፡ ጸገወት ፡ ከማሁ ፡ ሊተኒ ፡ ለዜንዎ ...

                  in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i9
                  placespersonsrelations

                  List of related persons