✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

You can run a simple search which will look in all text indexes. This is the simplest search that we can offer. Check the options below the input box if you want to change the default settings.

Note that you can click on and/or symbols under the search field for additional filters/facets and on to activate the virtual keyboard.

When the results appear you can use facets to narrow your selection. For that, first select the facet (Item type, Author of changes, Keywords, etc.) and then press "refine search results ". Here you can get a list of items given some parameters, like the entity type, without searching for a string. You can play with the filters to restrict the search and you can certainly combine these with a text search. If you know the identifier (ID) of an item (LIT1234name, MS123abc, PRS12345name, etc.) you can paste it here, and you will get it in the results. if you know only a part, eg. LIT20... it will give you all those which match. To reach a given item with its ID, you can also append that to the base URL of the website, https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1234name and you will be redirected to the correct landing page. If you have at hand the Clavis Aethiopica number of a Textual Unit, e.g. CAe 1234, you can enter it here and the search will point you to that record. We record (unsystematically) corresponding identifiers from other Claves, like CAVT or CANT, here you can select which one you want to look for and search for records pointing to that. We record for each repository information on settlement, region and country. By searching for the identifier of a place the query will look at related places and check for other repositories which may be associated. If you know how to write your XPath, and know the source TEI (available for each file, by appending .xml to the identifier of the record) you will be able to run that query against the db here. Not all possible paths are optimized. Parallel to the XML, also an RDF triple store is maintained by the project. Here you get an interface to the SPARQL endpoint. You can add your SPARQL query and see the results available.
In the search mask above, you can search for text, below there are options and you can add filters ( ). You can then use facets to narrow your selection.
But text is not all you can search for. In the top menu you can switch to other types of queries and searches which rely on different indexes and data formats. You can check this box to use 'smart' ranking, where a higher score is assigned to hits in placeName, persName, title or to records with text or an occupation element. This will make you wait a bit more. If running a text search, you can select the type of text search. This determines how the single words which you enter are matched in the indexes here By default the search will use OR as an operator, which means that if you search two words you will get hits which contain one OR the other. You may wish to use AND to get the matches which contain your first word AND your second word. If you want them in that particular order, consider using phrase mode from the search type. Click on this plus button to see a series of additional options for your search. If you wish to search for a given word in the hands descriptions and another word in the decorations, here you can do that, using fields. This may help you enter characters which are not immediately present on your keyboard. Keep a letter pressed for additional forms. Use Shift and Alt for alternative keyboards. Instead of the pointer you can use your own keyboard with these values when active. Homophones are mechanically replaced for you, so that for example, if you search for one of 'ሀ', 'ሐ', 'ኀ', 'ሃ', 'ሓ', 'ኃ' we will search for all of them. If you deselect this checkbox the list of homophones will not be considered and only the exact string you searched will be passed on. Homophones are not replaced for search strings longer than 10 characters and is not applied in all modes. If you entered a search string for a Gǝʿǝz string, either typing it in Fidal or in a transliteration format, we can try to convert it and search also the other form. If you entered ወልደ the search engine will look also for walda. If you entered walda also for ወልደ. This depends on the availability of the alternate form.

You can enter above your SPARQL query to the RDF representation of the data stored in Apache Jena Fuseki. Please use single quotes ' not double.

PREFIXes are already there (see below), so you can start with SELECT. If you prefer to use your prefixes, do so, no problem. A super tutorial on how to build SPARQL queries is here at Apache Jena.

Results do not have facets and are presented as they are requested in the query from the SPARQL response.



PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX lawd: <http://lawd.info/ontology/>
PREFIX oa: <http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#>
PREFIX ecrm: <http://erlangen-crm.org/current/>
PREFIX crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/>
PREFIX gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#>
PREFIX agrelon: <http://d-nb.info/standards/elementset/agrelon.owl#>
PREFIX rel: <http://purl.org/vocab/relationship/>
PREFIX dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
PREFIX bm: <https://betamasaheft.eu/>
PREFIX pelagios: <http://pelagios.github.io/vocab/terms#>
PREFIX syriaca: <http://syriaca.org/documentation/relations.html#>
PREFIX saws: <http://purl.org/saws/ontology#>
PREFIX snap: <http://data.snapdrgn.net/ontology/snap#>
PREFIX pleiades: <https://pleiades.stoa.org/>
PREFIX wd: <https://www.wikidata.org/>
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX t: <http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0>
PREFIX sdc: <https://w3id.org/sdc/ontology#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

You can also use the API to query the SPARQL endpoint, using https://betamasaheft.eu/api/SPARQL with the query in a parameter q. The results are SPARQL Query Results XML Format, as the one visualized below.

In the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines you can find the OWLDoc Documentation and a visualization thanks to webVOWL of the current ontology developed with Protégé.

Some examples of the data you are querying

Documentation on Linked Open Data can be found here.

Examples:
Search for female donors: "SELECT ?ms ?person WHERE { ?annotation a bm:donor ; oa:hasBody ?person ; oa:hasTarget ?ms . ?ms a bm:mss . ?person foaf:gender 'female' . } "
Manuscripts with a patron of the imperial family: "SELECT DISTINCT ?manuscript ?patron ?relation ?ruler WHERE{ ?annotation a bm:patron ; oa:hasTarget ?manuscript ; oa:hasBody ?patron . ?manuscript a bm:mss . ?patron snap:hasBond ?bondName . ?bondName rdf:type ?relation ; snap:bond-with ?ruler . ?ruler snap:occupation 'Emperor' . }"
Mountains mentioned in Liturgy manuscripts: "SELECT DISTINCT ?mountain ?manuscript WHERE { ?att oa:hasBody ?mountain ; oa:hasTarget ?manuscript . ?manuscript a bm:mss ; a bm:Liturgy . ?mountain a bm:place ; pleiades:hasFeatureType in <https://betamasaheft.eu/authority-files/mountain> . } LIMIT 50"

The results presented here are visualized with d3sparql

Enter above your XPath 3.0 query to the data. (You can alternatively use the old XPath search page here) Please, use t: namespace for TEI elements. The starting point of any Xpath should be $config:collection-root if you are searching the entire dataset.

NB: if you are a member of the BM GitHub organization and work with Oxygen you may run your XPath Queries directly in your Oxygen project; in this case start the string directly with //TEI.

You can also use, as a cached and short form to point to collections the following variables: $config:collection-rootMS for manuscripts; $config:collection-rootW for Textual Units $config:collection-rootPl for places; $config:collection-rootPr for persons; $config:collection-rootIn for repositories; $config:collection-rootA for authority files.

Examples:
Persons marked up in colophons: $config:collection-rootMS//t:colophon[t:persName]
Manuscripts with at least 26 additions: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[@xml:id='a26']
Manuscripts with a text marked up as Amharic: $config:collection-rootMS//t:TEI[descendant::t:textLang[@mainLang='am' or @otherLangs='am']]
Manuscripts with additions that contain something tagged Amharic: $config:collection-rootMS//t:TEI[not(contains(@xml:id, 'IHA'))]//t:additions[descendant::t:*[@xml:lang='am']]
Records with the title with the subtype inscriptio: $config:collection-root//t:title[contains(@subtype,'inscriptio')]
Manuscripts that have at least 31 quires: $config:collection-rootMS//t:collation/t:list[count(t:item) ge 31]
Manuscripts where a roleName appears: $config:collection-rootMS//t:roleName
Additons of the type OwnershipNote: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[t:desc[@type='OwnershipNote']]
Place records revised in 2022: $config:collection-rootPl//t:revisionDesc/t:change[contains(concat(' ', @when, ' '), '2022')]
Work records that contain "Senodos" inside title: $config:collection-rootW//t:titleStmt/t:title[contains(.,'Senodos')]
Works that contain the string "Senodos" somewhere: $config:collection-rootW//*[contains(.,'Senodos')]
Person record which have at least some attribute for birth and death (can be when, notBefore, notAfter) elements and occupation type ruler: $config:collection-rootPr//t:person[t:birth[@*]][t:death[@*]][t:occupation[@type='ruler']]
Manuscripts with miniatures in them: $config:collection-rootMS//t:decoDesc[t:decoNote[@type='miniature']]
Manuscripts with an addition element typed Ownership Note followed by another one with type Supplication: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[t:desc[@type='OwnershipNote']][following-sibling::t:item[t:desc[@type='Supplication']]]

Here you can differentiate your search by looking at the text of constructed strings from specific portions of the data. You can search for records which have a word occurring in the decoration and another in the content description, for example.















Resource type
manuscript9
textual unit11
General
Alessandro Bausi1
Angela Müller1
Ashlee Benson1
Carsten Hoffmann2
Daria Elagina2
Denis Nosnitsin1
Dorothea Reule6
Eugenia Sokolinski7
Jonah Sandford3
Marcin Krawczuk1
Massimo Villa6
Pietro Maria Liuzzo17
Ralph Lee3
Ran HaCohen5
Solomon Gebreyes1
Stéphane Ancel1
Susanne Hummel1
Vitagrazia Pisani1
2024-09-171
2023-02-151
2023-02-211
2023-05-121
2022-06-171
2021-01-141
2021-01-181
2021-01-201
2021-01-211
2021-01-271
2021-02-171
2021-04-121
2021-04-191
2021-05-051
2021-05-181
2021-06-031
2021-06-291
2021-08-101
2021-09-021
2021-09-201
2021-09-211
2021-12-281
2020-03-031
2020-04-191
2020-04-291
2020-07-271
2020-09-081
2020-11-261
2019-02-212
2019-04-031
2019-04-241
2019-04-252
2019-08-071
2019-11-011
2019-12-201
2018-01-183
2018-02-062
2018-02-082
2018-03-161
2018-04-211
2018-06-291
2018-11-211
2018-12-051
2017-02-091
2017-03-311
2017-05-131
2017-07-033
2017-07-041
2017-07-052
2017-07-101
2017-07-111
2017-07-181
2017-07-211
2017-07-271
2017-11-271
2016-02-094
2016-03-214
2016-04-261
2016-05-101
2016-06-081
2016-07-262
2016-11-071
2016-11-081
2016-11-172
2016-12-141
2015-05-261
2011-02-041
2010-05-101
1
Angel1
Annunciation1
Crucifixion of Jesus2
Entombment of Jesus1
Holy Man Portrait2
Jesus Christ1
Nativity of Jesus1
Resurrection of Jesus1
The Striking of the Head, ኵርዓተ፡ ርእሱ፡1
Virgin and Child2
Sun and Moon1
sword1
Postaksumite I2
angel1
Apocrypha4
Bible1
Canon Law2
Christian Literature10
Commentary1
Hagiography4
History and Historiography1
Homily1
Miracle1
Natural Sciences2
Old Testament1
Poetry1
Theology1
Translation6
Amharic1
Arabic1
English20
Gǝʿǝz 16
Greek 1
Italian 3
Latin 4
Manuscripts
Angel1
Annunciation1
Crucifixion of Jesus2
Entombment of Jesus1
Holy Man Portrait2
JesusChrist1
Nativity of Jesus1
Resurrection of Jesus1
St Mary1
The Striking of the Head, ኵርዓተ፡ ርእሱ፡1
Virgin and Child2
leather6
parchment3
silk1
textile2
wood8
Acquisizioni e doni1
EMIP3
Ethio-SPaRe1
Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project1
Oriental2
S. Marco1
11
25
33
complete7
incomplete5
good4
intact1
ʾAkkʷateta qʷǝrbān za-Bāsǝlyos1
ʾAkkʷateta qʷǝrbān za-ḥawāryāt1
Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles1
Didascalia Apostolorum1
Maṣḥafa śǝrʿāt za-waṣʾa ʾǝm-manbara Mārqos ḥawāryā ʾǝm-makāna maʿāllǝqā1
Qerǝllos1
Salām lakkǝmu ṣādǝqān wa-samāʿt...1
Sǝnkǝssār (Group B)1
Sǝnkǝssār (Second revision, Dabra Libānos recension)1
Senodos1
Śǝrʿāta qǝddāse1
Taʾammǝra ʾIyasus1
Taʾammǝra Māryām3
Tǝrgʷāme malʾǝkt za-bǝṣuʿ wa-kǝbur Ṗāwlos za-ṣaḥafa la-ʿƎbrāwǝyān1
Theological texts in Amharic1
The Testament of Our Lord1
Za-ʾaqrabku māḫleta1
14992
16991
17501
17551
17991
19991
14002
17001
17301
17501
19001
1001
1721
441
Codex9
13.1251
14.6251
1551
2411
3201
3631
4551
no15
yes5
parchment6
014
11
22
42
51
020
011
111
13
161
41
61
72
012
16
201
21
016
101
121
241
291
020
011
1161
1791
181
211
31
331
371
5021
971
1+4+71+11
1121
1451
1551
1821
2+198+21
2931
i + 1601
iii + 671
no18
yes2
Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana2
British Library2
Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs1
Ethiopian Orthodox Church Patriarchate Library1
Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project3
1A-1A-1A1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C1
1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C1
Ethiopic8
only metadata5
some text present15
bindingMaterial9
Boards2
Endbands1
frame2
headpieceFrame1
miniature2
ornamentation2
Other1
SewingStations3
diocletian1
ethiopian1
grace1
MixedNote1
OwnershipNote5
RecordTransaction1
Comment1
Correction1
MixedNote2
OwnershipNote1
ProtectivePrayer1
StampExlibris2
Unclear1
10.6251
1121
12.751
1721
2301
2551
3171
171
22 231
271
27 281
28 291
29 301
321
351
381
Textual and Narrative Units
only metadata5
some text present15
Places and Repositories
Persons and Groups
15501
17501
18001
14501
17002
15231
1890-09-061
ethnic5
n/a20
individual20

There are 20 entities matching your text query for "በሕቁ" with the parameters shown at the right. (searched: በሕቁ)

Search time: 0.573 seconds.
mode: nonesearchType: text
    title
    hits count
    first three keywords in context
    item-type specific options
    stubworksLIT4848ActsofTEI
    Acts of Thomas, V (on the woman who was slain in a shop)
    CAe 4848Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
    Clavis (list of identifiable texts) ID
    BHOBibliotheca Hagiographica Orientalis 1209 [check the Clavis Clavium]
    CANTClavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti 245.II [check the Clavis Clavium]
    1 in t:ab
    Abstract
    The Act of St Thomas on 20 Sane.

    ... ወሀሎ፡ ፩ዋሬዛ፡ ዘይገብር፡ ግብረ፡ በሕቁ፡ ዘኢይደሉ፡

    in element t:ab within a t:text
    comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

    List of computed witnesses

      stubmanuscriptsEMIP01859TEI
      ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Ethiopian Orthodox Church Patriarchate Library, EMIP 1859
      Link to images
      2 in t:ab
      Signatures
      EMIP 1859, Patriarch's Library Museum 003, MS EMML no. 6459
      Short Description
      This parchment codex is composed of 155 leaves. It has 308 main content units in 1 codicological unit. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

      ...ተወለጠ፡ በሕቁ። ወኮነት፡ ወላዲቱ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ስና፡ ትበኪ፡ ላዕሌሁ፡ በእ...

      in element t:ab within a t:div, at 1.18.1

      ... ዘየስተጋብእ፡ ወሠናየ፡ በሕቁ፨ ወበረከቶ፡ በውስተ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጵጵስናሁ፡ ሐዘነት፡ ዐቢይ፡ ...

      in element t:ab within a t:div, at 1.20.1
      placespersonsrelations

      List of related persons

      stubworksLIT2677ACABt1TEI
      Apostolic canons Abṭelisāt (81)
      CAe 2677Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
      1 in t:ab

      ...ሀይምነ፡ ሶበ፡ ይኤብስ፡ አበሳ፡ ዘሥጋ፡ አው፡ ይጌጊ፡ ጌጋየ፡ በሕቁ፡ አው፡ ዘበጠ፡ ዘኢየአምን፡ ሶበ፡ ይኤብስ፡ አው፡ ያሐሥም...

      in element t:ab within a t:div, at 26
      comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

      List of computed witnesses

        stubworksLIT1696JoshuaTEI
        Book of Joshua
        CAe 1696Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
        1 in t:l
        Witnesses

          ...ዋላሃ ፡ ለሀገር ፡ ወኢትርሐቁ ፡ በሕቁ ፡ እምነ ፡ ሀገር ፡ ወንበሩ ፡ ኵልክሙ ፡ ድልዋኒክሙ ።...

          in element t:l within a t:l, at 8
          comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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            stubworksLIT4915PhysATEI
            Dǝrsān za-bǝṣuʿ Fisālgos
            CAe 4915Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
            4 in ab
            Witnesses
              Abstract
              The so-called α-recension of the Ethiopic Physiologus. Possibly the earliest and most conservative of the surviving textual stages, it includes 49 chapters, arranged and numbered according to the Greek.

              ... ፊሳልጎስ፡ በእንተ፡ ጰልቃን፡ ከመ፡ መፍቀሬ፡ ደቂቁ፡ ውእቱ፡ በሕቁ። ሶበ፡ ይትወለዱ፡ ደቂቆሙ፡ ...

              in element ab within a div, at 4.3

              ዐቢይ፡ ውእቱ፡ በሕቁ፡ ከመ፡ ደሴት። ወኢያእሚሮሙ፡ ከመ፡ ዘውስተ፡ ደሴት፡ ደሬስዩ፡ ዲቤሁ፡ ለውእቱ፡ ዐንበሪ፡ ዘያበስሉ፡ ዓሣ። ...

              in element ab within a div, at 17.5

              የዋህ፡ በሕቁ፡ ወፅምው፡ ውእቱ። በእስኪቱ፡ ይበቍል፡ ጸጕር፡ ነዊኅ፡ ዘይከውን፡ ፈውሰ። በእንተዝ፡ ሶበ፡ ይዴግኖ፡ ነዓዊ፡ ይገድፍ...

              in element ab within a div, at 23.2
              comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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              stubworksLIT2637DeuteronomyTEI
              Deuteronomy
              CAe 2637Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
              1 in t:l
              Witnesses

                ... ፡ እስከ ፡ አድቀቅዎ ፡ ጥቀ ፡ በሕቁ ፡ ወኮነ ፡ ከመ ፡ ጸበል ፡ ወወደይክዎ ፡ ለውእቱ ፡ ሐ...

                in element t:l within a t:l, at 9
                comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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                  stubmanuscriptsBMLacq680TEI
                  Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML Acq. e doni 680
                  3 in ab
                  Signatures
                  BML Acq. e doni 680, Marrassini ms. 15
                  Short Description
                  This parchment codex is composed of 293 leaves. It has 16 main content units in 1 codicological unit. There are The description includes a collation of the quires.

                  ... ወአሚጋ፡ አስቅልጹያኖስ፡ አዘዘ፡ ይቀልዎ፡ ወይስትርዎ፡ በሕቁ፡ ወካዕበ፡ ፪ዕየ፡ መኰንን፡ አዘዘ፡ ይሰትሩ፡ መላትሔሁ፡ ...

                  in element ab within a div, at 89

                  ... ፍዓለም፡ አሜን። ሰላም፡ ፩ይዕፍብ፡ ዕጉሠ፡ መካራ፡ በሕቁ። ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ስማዕቱ፡ ጽድቁ። ወወ፪ተእስከ፡ ይ...

                  in element ab within a div, at 140

                  ...ሎሙ፡ ምስሌሆሙእሙንቱ፡ ይቤልሑ፡ በቃሎሙ፡ ዘመፍርህ፡ ፈድፋደ፡ በሕቁ። ወቅዱስለ፡ ይኦጽሮሙ፡ እንዘ፡ ይገብሩ፡ ኃጢአተ፡ ...

                  in element ab within a div, at 158
                  placespersonsrelations

                  List of related persons

                  stubmanuscriptsBMLsmarco741TEI
                  Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML S. Marco 741
                  1 in ab
                  Signatures
                  BML S. Marco 741, Marrassini ms. 8
                  Short Description
                  This parchment codex is composed of 1+4+71+1 leaves. It has 3 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1400-1499 (dating on palaeographic grounds). There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

                  ...ቤሃ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ብእሲ፡ መፍርህ፡ በሕቁ፡ ወሶበ፡ ርኢኮ፡ ኢትፍሬህ፡ እንከ። ወተንሥአ፡ አብ...

                  in element ab within a div, at 51
                  placespersonsrelations

                  List of related persons

                  No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                  stubmanuscriptsESmy004TEI
                  Gulo Maḵadā, Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs, MY-004
                  2 in incipit
                  Signatures
                  MY-004
                  Short Description
                  This parchment codex is composed of 182 leaves. It has 36 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 15th century, most probably its second part.. There are The description includes a collation of the quires.

                  ... መዊቶ፡ እምከይሲ፡ እስመ፡ በሕቁ፡ አስተብቍዕዎ፡ ከመ፡ ይሖር፡ ኀቤሆሙ፡ ወቦአ፡ ቤቶሙ፨ ...

                  in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i1.16

                  ... ወሀሎ፡ ፩ወሬዛ፡ ዘይትጌበር፡ ተግባረ፡ በሕቁ፡ ዘኢያደሉ፡ ወተዛለፈ፡ ወቀርቦ፡ ...

                  in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i1.17
                  placespersonsrelations

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                  No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                  stubworksLIT1709KebranTEI
                  Kǝbra nagaśt
                  CAe 1709Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                  1 in ab
                  Author attributions
                  Witnesses
                  Abstract
                  The Kǝbra nagaśt is a kind of historical novel intended to justify the Solomonic dynasty by demonstrating its Israelite descent.

                  ...፡ አጽሐበኒ ፡ ሌሊተ ፡ ወመዐልተ ፡ ፈድፋደ ፡ በሕቁ ፤ ወታበጽሖ ፡ ኀበ ፡ ንጉሥ ፡ ወታገብኦ ፡ በዳኅን ፡ ...

                  in element ab within a div, at 33
                  comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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                  stubworksLIT2700KingsTEI
                  Kings 2 = (Ethiopic) Book of Kings 4
                  CAe 2700Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                  1 in t:l

                  ...ወሰበርዎ ፡ ወነሰቱ ፡ ምሥዋዓቲሁ ፡ ወቀጥቀጡ ፡ አምሳሊሁ ፡ በሕቁ ፡ ወቀተልዎ ፡ ለማታን ፡ ለማሬ ፡ በ...

                  in element t:l within a t:l, at 11
                  comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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                    stubworksLIT1793LevitiTEI
                    Leviticus
                    CAe 1793Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                    2 in t:l
                    Witnesses

                      ...ወለጠት ፡ ሥዕርታ ፡ ወኢጻዕደወ ፡ ወይእቲኒ ፡ ኢታስተርኢ ፡ በሕቁ ፡ ወያጸንሖ ፡ ካህን ፡ ሰቡዐ ፡ ዕለተ ፡ በእንተ ፡ ...

                      in element t:l within a t:l, at 13

                      ...ህን ፡ ዳግመ ፡ በሳብዕት ፡ ዕለት ፡ ወናሁ ፡ ኢታስተርኢ ፡ በሕቁ ፡ ይእቲ ፡ ሕብር ፡ ወኢኀደገት ፡ እምነ ...

                      in element t:l within a t:l, at 13
                      comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

                      List of computed witnesses

                        stubmanuscriptsBLorient739TEI
                        London, British Library, BL Oriental 739
                        Link to images
                        1 in incipit
                        Signatures
                        BL Oriental 739, Wright cat. CCCXV, Wright 315
                        Short Description
                        This parchment codex is composed of 2+198+2 leaves. It has 29 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1700-1750 (dating on palaeographic grounds). There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                        ...ወይትፌሥሑ፡ በሕቁ፡ በብዝኃ፡ ዕንቆሙ፡ ክቡር፡ ዘብሔረ፡ ሕንደኬ፡ ...

                        in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i2.3.22
                        placespersonsrelations

                        List of related persons

                        No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                        stubmanuscriptsBLorient793TEI
                        London, British Library, BL Oriental 793
                        1 in incipit
                        Signatures
                        BL Oriental 793, Wright cat. CCCLXI, Wright 361
                        Short Description
                        This parchment codex is composed of 145 leaves. It has 111 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1730-1755 (reign). There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                        ...ሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ እግዚእነ። አብ፡ ዘቀደሰ፡ ዓለመ፡ ወፍርሃት፡ በሕቁ፡ አኃዘነ፡ ወነበርነ፡ ውዱቃኒነ፡ ውስተ፡ ምድር፡ ከመ፡ እ...

                        in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i1
                        placespersonsrelations

                        List of related persons

                        stubworksLIT2866RepCh147TEI
                        Malkǝʾ-hymn to St George
                        CAe 2866Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                        1 in t:ab

                        ሰላም፡ ለከርሥከ፡ ዘተጠውቀ፡ በሕቁ። ለፆረ፡ ዓምደ፡ ዕብን፡ እምጻዕቁ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ጊዮርጊስ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ልጹቁ፡ መሰንቆ፡ ...

                        in element t:ab within a t:div, at stanza29
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                          stubworksLIT3655MiracleTEI
                          Miracle of Mary: Miracle of a woman from Ceasarea whom Mary helped to give birth
                          CAe 3655Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                          1 in ab
                          Abstract

                          ...ብእሲት፡ እምዐባይተ፡ ሀገረ፡ ቂሳርያ፡ ወኮነ፡ አቡሃ፡ ባዕለ፡ በሕቁ፡ በወርቅ፡ ወበብሩር፡ ወበንዋየ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ዓለም፡ ኃላፊት።...

                          in element ab within a text
                          comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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                            stubmanuscriptsEMIP02173TEI
                            Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 233
                            1 in incipit
                            Signatures
                            Weiner Codex 233
                            Short Description
                            This parchment codex is composed of i + 160 leaves. It has 178 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Seventeenth century, possibly earlier?. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                            ...ብእሲት፡ እምዐበይተ፡ ሀገረ፡ ቂሳርያ። ወኮነ፡ አቡሃ፡ ባዕለ፡ በሕቁ፡ በወርቅ፡ ወበብሩር፡ ወበኵሉ፡ ንዋየ፡ ዓለም፡ ሓላፊ።

                            in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i2.23
                            placespersonsrelations

                            List of related persons

                            No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                            stubmanuscriptsEMIP02401TEI
                            Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 366
                            1 in incipit
                            Signatures
                            Weiner Codex 366
                            Short Description
                            This parchment codex is composed of iii + 67 leaves. It has 93 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Twentieth century. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

                            ...ብእሲት፡ እምዓባይተ፡ ሀገረ፡ ቂሳርያ፡ ወኮነ፡ አቡሃ፡ ባዕል፡ በሕቁ፡ በወርቅ፡ ወበብሩር፡ ወበንዋየ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ዓለም፡ ኃላፊ።

                            in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i1.4.12
                            placespersonsrelations

                            List of related persons

                            No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                            stubmanuscriptsEMIP03238TEI
                            Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 466
                            1 in incipit
                            Signatures
                            Weiner Codex 466
                            Short Description
                            This parchment codex is composed of 112 leaves. It has 19 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Late-eighteenth century. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                            ... ብእሲት፡ እምዓበይተ፡ ሀገር፡ ዘቂሳርያ፡ ወኮነ፡ አቡሃባዕለ፡ በሕቁ፡ በወርቅ፡ ወበብሩር፡

                            in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i1.2.2
                            placespersonsrelations

                            List of related persons

                            No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                            stubworksLIT4916PhysBTEI
                            Zenā mǝssāleyāt za-ṭabib Fisǝʾalgos
                            CAe 4916Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                            1 in ab
                            Witnesses
                              Abstract
                              The so-called β-recension of the Ethiopic Physiologus. The text displays a rewriting or, in some cases, even a deep reworking in the course of the transmission history. The chapter numbering is rearranged as compared to the Greek, and counts 57 chapters.

                              ... ደቂቅ፡ ውእቱ፡ በሕቁ። ...

                              in element ab within a div, at 4.3
                              comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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