✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

You can run a simple search which will look in all text indexes. This is the simplest search that we can offer. Check the options below the input box if you want to change the default settings.

Note that you can click on and/or symbols under the search field for additional filters/facets and on to activate the virtual keyboard.

When the results appear you can use facets to narrow your selection. For that, first select the facet (Item type, Author of changes, Keywords, etc.) and then press "refine search results ". Here you can get a list of items given some parameters, like the entity type, without searching for a string. You can play with the filters to restrict the search and you can certainly combine these with a text search. If you know the identifier (ID) of an item (LIT1234name, MS123abc, PRS12345name, etc.) you can paste it here, and you will get it in the results. if you know only a part, eg. LIT20... it will give you all those which match. To reach a given item with its ID, you can also append that to the base URL of the website, https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1234name and you will be redirected to the correct landing page. If you have at hand the Clavis Aethiopica number of a Textual Unit, e.g. CAe 1234, you can enter it here and the search will point you to that record. We record (unsystematically) corresponding identifiers from other Claves, like CAVT or CANT, here you can select which one you want to look for and search for records pointing to that. We record for each repository information on settlement, region and country. By searching for the identifier of a place the query will look at related places and check for other repositories which may be associated. If you know how to write your XPath, and know the source TEI (available for each file, by appending .xml to the identifier of the record) you will be able to run that query against the db here. Not all possible paths are optimized. Parallel to the XML, also an RDF triple store is maintained by the project. Here you get an interface to the SPARQL endpoint. You can add your SPARQL query and see the results available.
In the search mask above, you can search for text, below there are options and you can add filters ( ). You can then use facets to narrow your selection.
But text is not all you can search for. In the top menu you can switch to other types of queries and searches which rely on different indexes and data formats. You can check this box to use 'smart' ranking, where a higher score is assigned to hits in placeName, persName, title or to records with text or an occupation element. This will make you wait a bit more. If running a text search, you can select the type of text search. This determines how the single words which you enter are matched in the indexes here By default the search will use OR as an operator, which means that if you search two words you will get hits which contain one OR the other. You may wish to use AND to get the matches which contain your first word AND your second word. If you want them in that particular order, consider using phrase mode from the search type. Click on this plus button to see a series of additional options for your search. If you wish to search for a given word in the hands descriptions and another word in the decorations, here you can do that, using fields. This may help you enter characters which are not immediately present on your keyboard. Keep a letter pressed for additional forms. Use Shift and Alt for alternative keyboards. Instead of the pointer you can use your own keyboard with these values when active. Homophones are mechanically replaced for you, so that for example, if you search for one of 'ሀ', 'ሐ', 'ኀ', 'ሃ', 'ሓ', 'ኃ' we will search for all of them. If you deselect this checkbox the list of homophones will not be considered and only the exact string you searched will be passed on. Homophones are not replaced for search strings longer than 10 characters and is not applied in all modes. If you entered a search string for a Gǝʿǝz string, either typing it in Fidal or in a transliteration format, we can try to convert it and search also the other form. If you entered ወልደ the search engine will look also for walda. If you entered walda also for ወልደ. This depends on the availability of the alternate form.

You can enter above your SPARQL query to the RDF representation of the data stored in Apache Jena Fuseki. Please use single quotes ' not double.

PREFIXes are already there (see below), so you can start with SELECT. If you prefer to use your prefixes, do so, no problem. A super tutorial on how to build SPARQL queries is here at Apache Jena.

Results do not have facets and are presented as they are requested in the query from the SPARQL response.



PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX lawd: <http://lawd.info/ontology/>
PREFIX oa: <http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#>
PREFIX ecrm: <http://erlangen-crm.org/current/>
PREFIX crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/>
PREFIX gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#>
PREFIX agrelon: <http://d-nb.info/standards/elementset/agrelon.owl#>
PREFIX rel: <http://purl.org/vocab/relationship/>
PREFIX dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
PREFIX bm: <https://betamasaheft.eu/>
PREFIX pelagios: <http://pelagios.github.io/vocab/terms#>
PREFIX syriaca: <http://syriaca.org/documentation/relations.html#>
PREFIX saws: <http://purl.org/saws/ontology#>
PREFIX snap: <http://data.snapdrgn.net/ontology/snap#>
PREFIX pleiades: <https://pleiades.stoa.org/>
PREFIX wd: <https://www.wikidata.org/>
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX t: <http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0>
PREFIX sdc: <https://w3id.org/sdc/ontology#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

You can also use the API to query the SPARQL endpoint, using https://betamasaheft.eu/api/SPARQL with the query in a parameter q. The results are SPARQL Query Results XML Format, as the one visualized below.

In the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines you can find the OWLDoc Documentation and a visualization thanks to webVOWL of the current ontology developed with Protégé.

Some examples of the data you are querying

Documentation on Linked Open Data can be found here.

Examples:
Search for female donors: "SELECT ?ms ?person WHERE { ?annotation a bm:donor ; oa:hasBody ?person ; oa:hasTarget ?ms . ?ms a bm:mss . ?person foaf:gender 'female' . } "
Manuscripts with a patron of the imperial family: "SELECT DISTINCT ?manuscript ?patron ?relation ?ruler WHERE{ ?annotation a bm:patron ; oa:hasTarget ?manuscript ; oa:hasBody ?patron . ?manuscript a bm:mss . ?patron snap:hasBond ?bondName . ?bondName rdf:type ?relation ; snap:bond-with ?ruler . ?ruler snap:occupation 'Emperor' . }"
Mountains mentioned in Liturgy manuscripts: "SELECT DISTINCT ?mountain ?manuscript WHERE { ?att oa:hasBody ?mountain ; oa:hasTarget ?manuscript . ?manuscript a bm:mss ; a bm:Liturgy . ?mountain a bm:place ; pleiades:hasFeatureType in <https://betamasaheft.eu/authority-files/mountain> . } LIMIT 50"

The results presented here are visualized with d3sparql

Enter above your XPath 3.0 query to the data. (You can alternatively use the old XPath search page here) Please, use t: namespace for TEI elements. The starting point of any Xpath should be $config:collection-root if you are searching the entire dataset.

NB: if you are a member of the BM GitHub organization and work with Oxygen you may run your XPath Queries directly in your Oxygen project; in this case start the string directly with //TEI.

You can also use, as a cached and short form to point to collections the following variables: $config:collection-rootMS for manuscripts; $config:collection-rootW for Textual Units $config:collection-rootPl for places; $config:collection-rootPr for persons; $config:collection-rootIn for repositories; $config:collection-rootA for authority files.

Examples:
Persons marked up in colophons: $config:collection-rootMS//t:colophon[t:persName]
Manuscripts with at least 26 additions: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[@xml:id='a26']
Manuscripts with a text marked up as Amharic: $config:collection-rootMS//t:TEI[descendant::t:textLang[@mainLang='am' or @otherLangs='am']]
Manuscripts with additions that contain something tagged Amharic: $config:collection-rootMS//t:TEI[not(contains(@xml:id, 'IHA'))]//t:additions[descendant::t:*[@xml:lang='am']]
Records with the title with the subtype inscriptio: $config:collection-root//t:title[contains(@subtype,'inscriptio')]
Manuscripts that have at least 31 quires: $config:collection-rootMS//t:collation/t:list[count(t:item) ge 31]
Manuscripts where a roleName appears: $config:collection-rootMS//t:roleName
Additons of the type OwnershipNote: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[t:desc[@type='OwnershipNote']]
Place records revised in 2022: $config:collection-rootPl//t:revisionDesc/t:change[contains(concat(' ', @when, ' '), '2022')]
Work records that contain "Senodos" inside title: $config:collection-rootW//t:titleStmt/t:title[contains(.,'Senodos')]
Works that contain the string "Senodos" somewhere: $config:collection-rootW//*[contains(.,'Senodos')]
Person record which have at least some attribute for birth and death (can be when, notBefore, notAfter) elements and occupation type ruler: $config:collection-rootPr//t:person[t:birth[@*]][t:death[@*]][t:occupation[@type='ruler']]
Manuscripts with miniatures in them: $config:collection-rootMS//t:decoDesc[t:decoNote[@type='miniature']]
Manuscripts with an addition element typed Ownership Note followed by another one with type Supplication: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[t:desc[@type='OwnershipNote']][following-sibling::t:item[t:desc[@type='Supplication']]]

Here you can differentiate your search by looking at the text of constructed strings from specific portions of the data. You can search for records which have a word occurring in the decoration and another in the content description, for example.















Resource type
manuscript10
textual unit12
General
Alessandro Bausi1
Carsten Hoffmann4
Daria Elagina2
Denis Nosnitsin2
Dorothea Reule12
Eugenia Sokolinski9
Massimo Villa2
Mersha Alehegne1
Pietro Maria Liuzzo15
Ran HaCohen5
Solomon Gebreyes4
Stéphane Ancel1
Susanne Hummel1
Taylor Eggan1
Vitagrazia Pisani1
Wendy Laura Belcher1
2023-02-081
2023-02-091
2023-02-141
2023-02-221
2023-02-231
2023-02-281
2023-03-011
2023-03-021
2023-03-071
2023-03-151
2023-03-161
2023-03-211
2023-04-051
2023-10-091
2022-05-111
2022-06-211
2022-07-071
2022-10-291
2022-11-091
2021-09-201
2021-09-213
2021-12-281
2020-01-221
2020-03-111
2020-03-251
2020-07-221
2020-08-111
2020-11-261
2019-01-181
2019-02-214
2019-04-021
2019-05-101
2019-07-231
2019-07-241
2019-11-251
2019-12-162
2018-01-091
2018-02-061
2018-02-081
2018-06-291
2018-08-021
2018-11-281
2018-12-051
2017-01-181
2017-01-211
2017-01-241
2017-02-031
2017-02-091
2017-03-031
2017-03-071
2017-03-301
2017-04-041
2017-05-161
2017-06-091
2017-06-151
2017-06-301
2017-07-033
2017-07-041
2017-07-051
2017-07-182
2017-07-212
2017-07-271
2017-08-081
2017-08-291
2017-08-301
2017-09-081
2017-09-131
2017-10-311
2017-11-221
2017-12-111
2016-02-098
2016-03-218
2016-05-031
2016-05-101
2016-06-082
2016-06-091
2016-06-141
2016-06-161
2016-06-201
2016-06-231
2016-07-051
2016-08-291
2016-08-311
2016-09-011
2016-10-261
2016-11-071
2016-11-081
2016-12-142
2015-06-021
2010-05-171
2010-10-141
Gondarine2
Postaksumite I2
Postaksumite II4
angel1
Apocrypha2
Bible4
Christian Literature13
Chronicles3
Hagiography2
History and Historiography4
Homily1
Magic1
Miracle1
Monastic Literature2
Natural Sciences1
Old Testament4
Poetry2
Prayers1
Theology3
Translation6
Arabic2
Coptic1
English18
Gǝʿǝz 20
Italian 3
Latin 1
Manuscripts
angel1
leather4
silk1
wood5
Acquisizioni e doni4
Aethiopici1
d'Abbadie1
Ethio-SPaRe1
Fonds éthiopien2
Manuscrits orientaux2
Oriental1
14
26
32
complete8
incomplete4
deficient2
good5
other1
10 Mastabqwǝʿ1
Anaphora of Our Lady Mary by Gregory or Nathaniel1
ʾAnqaṣa bǝrhān1
Bārtos2
Dǝggwā for the whole year in an abridged version1
Fǝtḥat za-wald1
Hymn to Jesus Christ1
I. Gadla Gabra Manfas Qǝddus “Vita of Gabra Manfas Qǝddus”1
II. Taʾammǝra Gabra Manfas Qǝddus “Miracles of Gabra Manfas Qǝddus” - 13 miracles1
III. Śǝrʿāta beta krǝstiyān “The Structure of the Church”1
IV. Malkǝʾa Gabra Manfas Qǝddus “Image of Gabra Manfas Qǝddus”1
Magical prayer1
Māḫbara mǝʾmanān, the end1
Māḫbara mǝʾmanān1
Maṣḥafa gǝnzat1
Maṣḥafa ḥāwi1
Maṣḥafa nuzāze1
Nǝgǝranni sǝmaka1
Octateuch1
Other prayer1
Prayer for the intercession of the saints1
Prayer of Our Lady Mary in Egypt to heal Joseph's cough1
Prayer of Our Lady Mary to the Christ Child1
Prayers of Our Lady Mary to the Christ Child1
Prayer to George1
Protective prayer against the snakes1
Psalter2
Salām laki dāgǝmit samāy1
Salām laki mǝlǝʿta ṣaggā mǝlǝʿta kǝbr1
Ṣalot za-ʾǝgzǝʾǝtǝna Māryām ba-Dabra Golgotā1
Sǝnkǝssār (Group A), Second half of the year1
Service for Easter beginning with mǝlṭān za-tǝnśāʾe1
Supplicative Prayer to God and Mary1
Unidentified text1
Zǝmmāre ʾǝm-Yoḥannǝs ʾǝska Yoḥannǝs za-tafannawa1
መጽሐፈ፡ ሐዊ።1
14491
14501
15991
17001
17501
17551
18001
18961
19851
19871
13501
13751
14002
16001
16821
17001
17501
18001
18011
601
951
ማዕቀበ፡ እግዚእ፡1
Codex10
1001
1451
1631
17.8751
1902
2151
4251
4581
471
no18
yes4
parchment10
016
11
131
21
41
61
81
021
81
013
12
171
22
31
41
61
81
012
141
16
31
42
018
141
161
191
381
022
012
121
201
21
211
281
41
511
5481
661
91
114 (II + 112)1
117.01
1341
149+4, 2 European guard leafs at the beginning and at the end1
1821
2081
245+21
4+1101
781
no20
yes2
Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana1
Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana4
Bibliothèque nationale de France2
British Library1
Qarsabar Qǝddus Mikāʾel1
Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg1
1A-1A-1A1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C1
1A-1A-1A1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/J1
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.1
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A/0-0/0-0/C.1
Bǝḍʿā Giyorgis1
Yoḥannǝs1
Za-Krǝstos1
Zawalda Māryām1
ዮሐንስ፡1
Ethiopic10
Latin1
only metadata2
some text present20
band1
bindingMaterial6
Boards3
drawing2
Endbands1
Headband1
headpieceBand1
marginal1
miniature3
ornamentation3
Other1
SewingStations3
SlipCase1
alexander2
diocletian2
ethiopian2
islamic1
world2
CommemorativeNote1
Comment1
Directive1
DonationNote1
LandGrant1
MagicText2
OwnershipNote1
Poem1
ProtectivePrayer1
Record2
Unclear1
AcquisitionNote1
Correction1
findingAid1
MixedNote1
StampExlibris5
1251
1301
1481
15.51
1651
2001
2801
3181
381
781
111
12 151
131
141
151
161
172
181
201
212
261
331
39 421
401
42 431
Textual and Narrative Units
only metadata2
some text present20
Places and Repositories
Persons and Groups
14501
17001
17501
19001
13501
13751
14001
16001
17002
15821
ethnic1
n/a22
individual22

There are 22 entities matching your text query for "ሣዕር" with the parameters shown at the right. (searched: ሣዕር)

Search time: 0.714 seconds.
mode: nonesearchType: text
    title
    hits count
    first three keywords in context
    item-type specific options
    stubworksLIT4275ChronAmdSTEI
    Chronicle of ʿAmda Ṣǝyon
    CAe 4275Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
    3 in ab
    Witnesses
      Abstract
      Account of campaigns of ʿAmda Ṣǝyon I against the Muslims of South-East Ethiopia. According to , originally it was not a real historical work, but a homily to read in the church, with a propagandist purpose.

      ወረበቡ፡ አብድንቲሆሙ፡ ለቅቱላን፡ ከመ፡ ሣዕር፡ ውስተ፡ መርሕበ፡ ሀገር፡ ወዘተርፈ፡ ፄወዉ፡ ወኢያትረፉ፡ ምንተኒ፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ...

      in element ab within a div, at 46

      ... ወረበበ፡ አብድንቲሆሙ፡ ውስተ፡ ገጸ፡ ምድር፡ ከመ፡ ሣዕር፡ ወተመይጠ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ወገብአ፡ ውስተ፡ ትዕይንቱ፡ እንዘ፡ ...

      in element ab within a div, at 107

      ... በእደዊሁ፡ ለገብረ፡ መስቀል፡ ቅቱላነ፡ ከመ፡ ሣዕር፡ ወአብድንተ፡ ከመ፡ መሬተ፡ ...

      in element ab within a div, at 527
      comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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      stubworksLIT3122GalawTEI
      Chronicle of Galāwdewos
      CAe 3122Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
      1 in t:ab
      Author attributions
      Witnesses
        Abstract

        ...ጡቅ፡4 እምደዌ፡ ኵሉ፡5 መሌሊትከ፡6 ወብዙኃን፡ ከመ፡ ሠርፀ፡ ሣዕር፡ ሰብአ፡ ቤትከ።7 ትትዔገሥ፡...

        in element t:ab within a t:div, at 146
        comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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        stubworksLIT3951ChronSusenyosTEI
        Chronicle of Susǝnyos
        CAe 3951Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
        4 in t:ab

        ...፡ ኢይሩድዎ፡ ወኢይዕግትዎ፡ ሌሊት፡ በእንተ፡ ዝኒ፡ ወበእንተ፡ ሣዕር፡ ለእንስሳ፤ ወበእንተ፡ ከመ፡ ኢይልምዱ፡ ወዓልያኒሁ፡ ...

        in element t:ab within a t:div, at 41

        ... ፡ ወዓጻድያነ፡ ሣዕር፡ ዘሞቱ፡ በውእቱ፡ ዕለት፡ የአክሉ፡ መጠነ፡ ፴። ወዘእንበ...

        in element t:ab within a t:div, at 43

        ...ትርኵ፡ ወናር፡ ብዙኃን፡ ጥቀ፤ ወይከድኑ፡ ገጸ፡ ምድር፡ ከመ፡ ሣዕር፡ ወከመ፡ አንበጣ፡ ዘአልቦ፡ ...

        in element t:ab within a t:div, at 89
        comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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          stubworksLIT0011MMDZTEI
          Dabra Zamaddo's monastery and how the people there detained the monastery’s cow as recompense.
          CAe 0011Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
          Clavis (list of identifiable texts) ID
          PEMMThe Princeton Ethiopian, Eritrean, and Egyptian Miracles of Mary (PEMM) project 1009 [external link]
          1 in ab
          Witnesses
            Abstract
            Once the icon Se'ela Adheno was returned to Dabra Zamaddo, the people of the royal camp sent a thief there to steal the holy image. The thief entered the shrine at night and removed the icon, but Mary directed the man to a field, tied his legs with a rope, and left him there. The next day, a man who was out on his own business entered the field and came upon the tied-up thief and the icon. The people of the country wanted to execute the thief for stealing their beloved icon. However, after hearing Mary’s judgment on the matter, the abbot pardoned him. The narrator then recounts a similar miracle that occurred in Saydnaya, in the house of Marina. A man named Afrengawi had heard about a wondrous icon there that poured forth healing sweat. He went to Marina and, out of his love for Mary, he tried to steal the icon. When he realized he could not to take the whole thing, he attempted to cut the icon in half, and it began to bleed profusely. When others saw the blood on Afrengawi’s clothing, they thought he had killed someone and wanted to execute him. Just as she did with the thief at Dabra Zamaddo, Mary pardoned Afrengawi.

            ...፡ ወአመ፡ ነሥእዎ፡ ላሕሞ፡ በኀይል፡ ወበትዕቢት፡ በምክንያተ፡ ሣዕር፡ እንዘ፡ ይብሉ፡ ቦአት፡ ትብላዕ። ወወሰድዋ፡ ውስተ፡ ቤቶ...

            in element ab within a text
            comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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            stubworksLIT4915PhysATEI
            Dǝrsān za-bǝṣuʿ Fisālgos
            CAe 4915Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
            1 in ab
            Witnesses
              Abstract
              The so-called α-recension of the Ethiopic Physiologus. Possibly the earliest and most conservative of the surviving textual stages, it includes 49 chapters, arranged and numbered according to the Greek.

              ... ዘንተ፡ ወይቤሉ፤ እስመ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘሥጋ፡ ከመ፡ ሣዕር፡ ከመ፡ ኢይትመካሕ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘሥጋ። ወበእንተ፡ ልደት፡ መን...

              in element ab within a div, at 9.4
              comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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              stubworksLIT2637DeuteronomyTEI
              Deuteronomy
              CAe 2637Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
              1 in t:l
              Witnesses

                ...ህት ፡ ወከመ ፡ ጊሜ ፡ ውስተ ፡ ሣዕር ።

                in element t:l within a t:l, at 32
                comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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                  stubworksLIT1367ExodusTEI
                  Exodus
                  CAe 1367Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                  1 in t:l
                  Witnesses

                    ... ፡ ዲበ ፡ ሰብእ ፡ ወዲበ ፡ እንስሳ ፡ ወዲበ ፡ ኵሉ ፡ ሣዕር ፡ ዘውስተ ፡ ምድር ።

                    in element t:l within a t:l, at 9
                    comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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                      stubmanuscriptsBMLacq306TEI
                      Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML Acq. e doni 306
                      1 in ab
                      Signatures
                      BML Acq. e doni 306, Marrassini ms. 9
                      Short Description
                      This parchment codex is composed of 4+110 leaves. It has 27 main content units in 8 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: Various codicological units from different periods from the 15th to the 19th century. 1600-1800 (dating on palaeographic grounds) ? 1600-1800 (dating on palaeographic grounds) ? 1600-1800 (dating on palaeographic grounds) ? 1700-1800 (dating on palaeographic grounds) ? 1600-1800 (dating on palaeographic grounds) ? 1600-1800 (dating on palaeographic grounds) ? 1600-1800 (dating on palaeographic grounds) ? 1600-1800 (dating on palaeographic grounds) ?. There are The description includes a collation of the quires.

                      ... እ፡ ከመ፡ ሣዕር፡ ድኩም፤ እኩት፡ ወስቡሕ፡ ሰምከ፡ ለዓለም፡ ዘትሲባ...

                      in element ab within a div, at 12
                      placespersonsrelations

                      List of related persons

                      stubmanuscriptsBMLacq679TEI
                      Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML Acq. e doni 679
                      12 in ab
                      Signatures
                      BML Acq. e doni 679, Marrassini ms. 5
                      Short Description
                      This parchment codex is composed of 134 leaves. It has 19 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 19th to 20th century (dating on palaeographic grounds). There are The description includes a collation of the quires.

                      ... ወኢትቅናዕ፡ ላዕለ፡ ገበርተ፡ ዓመፃ። እስመ፡ ከመ፡ ሣዕር፡ ፍጡነ፡ ይየብሱ።

                      in element ab within a div, at 22

                      ... ወኢትቅናዕ፡ ላዕለ፡ ገበርተ፡ ዓመፃ። እስመ፡ ከመ፡ ሣዕር፡ ፍጡነ፡ ይየብሱ። ወከ...

                      in element ab within a div, at 23

                      ...፡ አምላኪየ፡ ረስዮሙ፡ ከመ፡ መንኰራኵር። ወከመ፡ ሣዕር፡ ዘቅድመ፡ ገጾ፡ እሳት። ወከመ፡ እሳት፡ ዘያውዒ፡ ...

                      in element ab within a div, at 58
                      placespersonsrelations

                      List of related persons

                      No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                      stubmanuscriptsBMLacq810TEI
                      Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML Acq. e doni 810
                      3 in explicit
                      ab
                      Signatures
                      BML Acq. e doni 810, Marrassini ms. 10
                      Short Description
                      This parchment codex is composed of 78 leaves. It has 50 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 18th century. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                      ሰብእሰ፡ ከንቶ፡ ይመሰል፡ ከመ፡ ሣዕር፡ መዋዕሊሁ፡ ፍጡነ፡ ይርከበነ፡ ሣህለከ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ይሕ፡ ንበል፤ ይካ፡ ፍጡነ፡ ፈኑ፡ ሣህልከ...

                      in element explicit within a msItem, with id ms_i1.12

                      ...በካዕዕራትከ። ኢያነብድከ፡ ጽላሴ፡ ንቱ፡ ዓለም፡ ከመ፡ ሣዕር፡ የሐሐኖ፡ ወበገንቱ፡ ኵሉ፡ ጊዜ፡ የበብካደ፡ ወገዓረ፡ ስ...

                      in element ab within a div, at 1

                      ... ደወሕ፡ ነቢይ፡ እስመ፡ መዋዕሊሁ፡ ሰብእ፡ መ፡ ሣዕር። ወሶበ፡ ነፍሖ፡ ነፍስ፡ ኢይትረክብ። አልብጠኀ፡ ረ...

                      in element ab within a div, at 8
                      placespersonsrelations

                      List of related persons

                      stubmanuscriptsBMLacq812TEI
                      Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML Acq. e doni 812
                      9 in ab
                      Signatures
                      BML Acq. e doni 812, Marrassini ms. 7
                      Short Description
                      This parchment codex is composed of 182 leaves. It has 18 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 19th to 20th century (dating on palaeographic grounds). There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                      ... ወኢትቅናዕ፡ ላዕለ፡ ገበርተ፡ አመፃ። እስመ፡ ከመ፡ ሣዕር፡ ፍጡነ፡ የይብሱ። ወከመ፡ ሐመልግል፡ ሐምል፡ ፍጡነ...

                      in element ab within a div, at 35

                      ... ወኢትቅናዕ፡ ላዕለ፡ ገበርተ፡ አመፃ። እስመ፡ ከመ፡ ሣዕር፡ ፍጡነ፡ የይብሱ። ወከመ፡ ሐመልግል፡ ሐምል፡ ፍጡነ...

                      in element ab within a div, at 36

                      ...፡ ሌሊት፡ ሞኑን፡ አመታት፡ በቅድሜሆሙ፨ በጽባሕ፡ ከመ፡ ሣዕር፡ የኅልፍ፡ በጽባሕ፡ ይሠእ፡ ወወሰርክስ፡ ይወድት፡ የቢሰ፡...

                      in element ab within a div, at 90
                      placespersonsrelations

                      List of related persons

                      No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                      stubmanuscriptsFSUor13TEI
                      Frankfurt, Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt Ms. or. 13
                      Link to images
                      1 in incipit
                      Signatures
                      Frankfurt Ms. or. 13, Rüpp. III, 1, Goldschmidt 9
                      Short Description
                      This parchment codex is composed of leaves. It has 65 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1682-1755 (reign). There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

                      ... ይብልዑ፡ ሐመልማለ፡ ሣዕር፡ ወበቍላተ፡ ...

                      in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i1.63
                      placespersonsrelations

                      List of related persons

                      stubworksLIT1546GenesiTEI
                      Genesis
                      CAe 1546Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                      4 in t:l
                      Witnesses

                        ... ወይቤ ፡ እግዚአብሔር ፡ ለታብቍል ፡ ምድር ፡ ሐመልማለ ፡ ሣዕር ፡ ዘይዘራእ ፡ በበዘርኡ ፡ ወበበዘመዱ ፡ ወዘበበ ፡ ...

                        in element t:l within a t:l, at 1

                        ... ወአውጽአት ፡ ምድር ፡ ሐመልማለ ፡ [ሣዕር ፡] ዘይዘራእ ፡ ዘርኡ ፡ ዘበበዘመዱ ፡ ወበበአርአያሁ ፡...

                        in element t:l within a t:l, at 1

                        ... ሕይወት ፡ ወኵሉ ፡ ሐመልማለ ፡ ሣዕር ፡ ይኩንክሙ ፡ መብልዐ ፡ ወኮነ ፡ ከማሁ ።

                        in element t:l within a t:l, at 1
                        comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

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                          stubmanuscriptsESqsm012TEI
                          Gulo Maḵadā, Qarsabar Qǝddus Mikāʾel, QSM-012
                          1 in incipit
                          Signatures
                          QSM-012
                          Short Description
                          This parchment codex is composed of 117.0 leaves. It has 4 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Second half of the 18th cent. (?). There are The description includes a collation of the quires.

                          109ra, l.1: ሣዕር፡ በአብ፤ ወፀብር፡ በወልድ፨ ወግድግዳ፡ ...

                          in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i3
                          placespersonsrelations

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                          stubworksLIT1709KebranTEI
                          Kǝbra nagaśt
                          CAe 1709Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                          2 in ab
                          Author attributions
                          Witnesses
                          Abstract
                          The Kǝbra nagaśt is a kind of historical novel intended to justify the Solomonic dynasty by demonstrating its Israelite descent.

                          ...ለከርሚን ፡ ሀለዉ ፡ እለ ፡ ይቀንኡ ፡ ላዕሌሁ ፡ በእንተ ፡ ሣዕር ፡ ወዐዘቅት ፡ ወበእንተ ፡ ብዝኀ ፡ እንስ...

                          in element ab within a div, at 76

                          ...፡ ገጸ ፡ እሳት ፡ ከማሁ ፡ ተመስዉ ፡ ከመ ፡ ሣዕር ፡ ይቡስ ፡ ሶበ ፡ ይረክቦ ፡ ነበልባለ ፡ እሳት ፡ ከማ...

                          in element ab within a div, at 97
                          comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

                          List of computed witnesses

                          stubmanuscriptsBLorient778TEI
                          London, British Library, BL Oriental 778
                          Link to images
                          1 in ab
                          Signatures
                          BL Oriental 778, Wright cat. CCCXLVIII, Wright 348
                          Short Description
                          This parchment codex is composed of 245+2 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1600-1700. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                          ... እግዚአብሔር፡ እም ቀዳሚ፡ አብሐ፡ ለሰብእ፡ በሊዓ፡ ሣዕር፡ ምስለ፡ ሐመልማል። ወበሊዓ፡ ...

                          in element ab within a div, at Introduction
                          placespersonsrelations

                          List of related persons

                          No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                          stubworksLIT1340EnochETEI
                          Maṣḥafa Henok
                          CAe 1340Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                          Clavis (list of identifiable texts) ID
                          CAVTClavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti 61 [check the Clavis Clavium]
                          1 in ab
                          Witnesses
                            Abstract
                            The Maṣḥafa Henok is a Jewish apocalypse preserved only in Gǝʿǝz. The original language of the work seems to have been Aramaic. There are fragments of a Greek version, which have been used by the Ethiopic translator as a Vorlage.

                            ...ዚአየ ፡ እወድዮሙ ፡ ከመ ፡ ሣዕር ፡ ውስተ ፡ እሳት ፡ ወከመ ፡ ዐረር ፡ ውስተ ፡ ማይ ፡...

                            in element ab within a div, at 2.48
                            comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

                            List of computed witnesses

                              stubworksLIT2000MazmurTEI
                              Mazmura Dāwit
                              CAe 2000Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                              8 in l
                              Author attributions
                              Abstract
                              The Mazmura Dāwit, the Biblical Psalms attributed to David, usually circulates in the Ethiopic manuscript tradition as the first part of the , followed by the , and .

                              እስመ ፡ ከመ ፡ ሣዕር ፡ ፍጡነ ፡ ይየብሱ ፤ወከመ ፡ ኀመልማል ፡ ኀምል ፡ ፍጡነ ፡ ይወድቁ ...

                              in element l within a l, at 36

                              ... አምላኪየ ፡ ረስዮሙ ፡ ከመ ፡ መንኰራኵር ፤ወከመ ፡ ሣዕር ፡ ዘቅድመ ፡ ገጸ ፡ እሳት ።

                              in element l within a l, at 82

                              በጽባሕ ፡ ከመ ፡ ሣዕር ፡ የኀልፍ ።በጽባሕ ፡ ይሠርጽ ፡ ወየኀልፍ ፤ወሰርከሰ ፡ ይወድቅ ፡ ...

                              in element l within a l, at 89
                              comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

                              List of computed witnesses

                                stubmanuscriptsBNFet3TEI
                                Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 3
                                1 in foreign
                                Signatures
                                BnF Éthiopien 3, Éth. 102
                                Short Description
                                This parchment codex is composed of 208 leaves. It has 8 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1350-1450 (dating on palaeographic grounds). There are The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                                ኵሉ፡ ሣዕር፡

                                in element foreign within a msItem, with id ms_i1.1
                                placespersonsrelations

                                List of related persons

                                stubmanuscriptsBNFabb66BTEI
                                Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 66 B
                                1 in q
                                Signatures
                                BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 66 B
                                Short Description
                                This parchment codex is composed of 149+4, 2 European guard leafs at the beginning and at the end leaves. It has 354 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1375-1449 (dating on palaeographic grounds). There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                                ኈልቈ፡ ሣዕር፡ ዘተለቅሑ፡ ሰብአ፡ ደቅ፡ ፬፻፲ወ፯። ፪፻፳ወ፫ ተረፉ። ዘውስጥ፡ ዝብድ፡ ፻፲፩፡ ገንዘቡ፡ ፶ወ፭ተረፉ። ወዘአፍአ፡ ዝብ...

                                in element q within a item, with id a12
                                placespersonsrelations

                                List of related persons

                                stubworksLIT6652SalGMQZaanabestaTEI
                                Salām-hymn to Gabra Manfas Qǝddus
                                CAe 6652Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                                1 in l
                                Abstract

                                ተሴስዮ፡ ሣዕር፡ ወተአርዞ፡ ቈጽል፡ ምንተኒ።

                                in element l within a l
                                comparemap of msscollateplacespersonsrelations

                                List of computed witnesses

                                  stubmanuscriptsBAVet50TEI
                                  Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 50
                                  1 in explicit
                                  Signatures
                                  Aeth. 50
                                  Short Description
                                  This parchment codex is composed of 114 (II + 112) leaves. It has 12 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1400-1599. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

                                  ... ተቀጥቀጡ፡ ወወድቁ፡ ወኮኑ፡ ከመ፡ ሣዕር፡ ይቡስ፡ ወአንተሰ፡ በኀበ፡ ልዑላን፡ ክቡር፡ ስቡሕ፡ በሰ...

                                  in element explicit within a msItem, with id ms_i11
                                  placespersonsrelations

                                  List of related persons