✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

You can run a simple search which will look in all text indexes. This is the simplest search that we can offer. Check the options below the input box if you want to change the default settings.

Note that you can click on and/or symbols under the search field for additional filters/facets and on to activate the virtual keyboard.

When the results appear you can use facets to narrow your selection. For that, first select the facet (Item type, Author of changes, Keywords, etc.) and then press "refine search results ". Here you can get a list of items given some parameters, like the entity type, without searching for a string. You can play with the filters to restrict the search and you can certainly combine these with a text search. If you know the identifier (ID) of an item (LIT1234name, MS123abc, PRS12345name, etc.) you can paste it here, and you will get it in the results. if you know only a part, eg. LIT20... it will give you all those which match. To reach a given item with its ID, you can also append that to the base URL of the website, https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1234name and you will be redirected to the correct landing page. If you have at hand the Clavis Aethiopica number of a Textual Unit, e.g. CAe 1234, you can enter it here and the search will point you to that record. We record (unsystematically) corresponding identifiers from other Claves, like CAVT or CANT, here you can select which one you want to look for and search for records pointing to that. We record for each repository information on settlement, region and country. By searching for the identifier of a place the query will look at related places and check for other repositories which may be associated. If you know how to write your XPath, and know the source TEI (available for each file, by appending .xml to the identifier of the record) you will be able to run that query against the db here. Not all possible paths are optimized. Parallel to the XML, also an RDF triple store is maintained by the project. Here you get an interface to the SPARQL endpoint. You can add your SPARQL query and see the results available.
In the search mask above, you can search for text, below there are options and you can add filters ( ). You can then use facets to narrow your selection.
But text is not all you can search for. In the top menu you can switch to other types of queries and searches which rely on different indexes and data formats. You can check this box to use 'smart' ranking, where a higher score is assigned to hits in placeName, persName, title or to records with text or an occupation element. This will make you wait a bit more. If running a text search, you can select the type of text search. This determines how the single words which you enter are matched in the indexes here By default the search will use OR as an operator, which means that if you search two words you will get hits which contain one OR the other. You may wish to use AND to get the matches which contain your first word AND your second word. If you want them in that particular order, consider using phrase mode from the search type. Click on this plus button to see a series of additional options for your search. If you wish to search for a given word in the hands descriptions and another word in the decorations, here you can do that, using fields. This may help you enter characters which are not immediately present on your keyboard. Keep a letter pressed for additional forms. Use Shift and Alt for alternative keyboards. Instead of the pointer you can use your own keyboard with these values when active. Homophones are mechanically replaced for you, so that for example, if you search for one of 'ሀ', 'ሐ', 'ኀ', 'ሃ', 'ሓ', 'ኃ' we will search for all of them. If you deselect this checkbox the list of homophones will not be considered and only the exact string you searched will be passed on. Homophones are not replaced for search strings longer than 10 characters and is not applied in all modes. If you entered a search string for a Gǝʿǝz string, either typing it in Fidal or in a transliteration format, we can try to convert it and search also the other form. If you entered ወልደ the search engine will look also for walda. If you entered walda also for ወልደ. This depends on the availability of the alternate form.

You can enter above your SPARQL query to the RDF representation of the data stored in Apache Jena Fuseki. Please use single quotes ' not double.

PREFIXes are already there (see below), so you can start with SELECT. If you prefer to use your prefixes, do so, no problem. A super tutorial on how to build SPARQL queries is here at Apache Jena.

Results do not have facets and are presented as they are requested in the query from the SPARQL response.



PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX lawd: <http://lawd.info/ontology/>
PREFIX oa: <http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#>
PREFIX ecrm: <http://erlangen-crm.org/current/>
PREFIX crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/>
PREFIX gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#>
PREFIX agrelon: <http://d-nb.info/standards/elementset/agrelon.owl#>
PREFIX rel: <http://purl.org/vocab/relationship/>
PREFIX dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
PREFIX bm: <https://betamasaheft.eu/>
PREFIX pelagios: <http://pelagios.github.io/vocab/terms#>
PREFIX syriaca: <http://syriaca.org/documentation/relations.html#>
PREFIX saws: <http://purl.org/saws/ontology#>
PREFIX snap: <http://data.snapdrgn.net/ontology/snap#>
PREFIX pleiades: <https://pleiades.stoa.org/>
PREFIX wd: <https://www.wikidata.org/>
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX t: <http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0>
PREFIX sdc: <https://w3id.org/sdc/ontology#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

You can also use the API to query the SPARQL endpoint, using https://betamasaheft.eu/api/SPARQL with the query in a parameter q. The results are SPARQL Query Results XML Format, as the one visualized below.

In the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines you can find the OWLDoc Documentation and a visualization thanks to webVOWL of the current ontology developed with Protégé.

Some examples of the data you are querying

Documentation on Linked Open Data can be found here.

Examples:
Search for female donors: "SELECT ?ms ?person WHERE { ?annotation a bm:donor ; oa:hasBody ?person ; oa:hasTarget ?ms . ?ms a bm:mss . ?person foaf:gender 'female' . } "
Manuscripts with a patron of the imperial family: "SELECT DISTINCT ?manuscript ?patron ?relation ?ruler WHERE{ ?annotation a bm:patron ; oa:hasTarget ?manuscript ; oa:hasBody ?patron . ?manuscript a bm:mss . ?patron snap:hasBond ?bondName . ?bondName rdf:type ?relation ; snap:bond-with ?ruler . ?ruler snap:occupation 'Emperor' . }"
Mountains mentioned in Liturgy manuscripts: "SELECT DISTINCT ?mountain ?manuscript WHERE { ?att oa:hasBody ?mountain ; oa:hasTarget ?manuscript . ?manuscript a bm:mss ; a bm:Liturgy . ?mountain a bm:place ; pleiades:hasFeatureType in <https://betamasaheft.eu/authority-files/mountain> . } LIMIT 50"

The results presented here are visualized with d3sparql

Enter above your XPath 3.0 query to the data. (You can alternatively use the old XPath search page here) Please, use t: namespace for TEI elements. The starting point of any Xpath should be $config:collection-root if you are searching the entire dataset.

NB: if you are a member of the BM GitHub organization and work with Oxygen you may run your XPath Queries directly in your Oxygen project; in this case start the string directly with //TEI.

You can also use, as a cached and short form to point to collections the following variables: $config:collection-rootMS for manuscripts; $config:collection-rootW for Textual Units $config:collection-rootPl for places; $config:collection-rootPr for persons; $config:collection-rootIn for repositories; $config:collection-rootA for authority files.

Examples:
Persons marked up in colophons: $config:collection-rootMS//t:colophon[t:persName]
Manuscripts with at least 26 additions: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[@xml:id='a26']
Manuscripts with a text marked up as Amharic: $config:collection-rootMS//t:TEI[descendant::t:textLang[@mainLang='am' or @otherLangs='am']]
Manuscripts with additions that contain something tagged Amharic: $config:collection-rootMS//t:TEI[not(contains(@xml:id, 'IHA'))]//t:additions[descendant::t:*[@xml:lang='am']]
Records with the title with the subtype inscriptio: $config:collection-root//t:title[contains(@subtype,'inscriptio')]
Manuscripts that have at least 31 quires: $config:collection-rootMS//t:collation/t:list[count(t:item) ge 31]
Manuscripts where a roleName appears: $config:collection-rootMS//t:roleName
Additons of the type OwnershipNote: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[t:desc[@type='OwnershipNote']]
Place records revised in 2022: $config:collection-rootPl//t:revisionDesc/t:change[contains(concat(' ', @when, ' '), '2022')]
Work records that contain "Senodos" inside title: $config:collection-rootW//t:titleStmt/t:title[contains(.,'Senodos')]
Works that contain the string "Senodos" somewhere: $config:collection-rootW//*[contains(.,'Senodos')]
Person record which have at least some attribute for birth and death (can be when, notBefore, notAfter) elements and occupation type ruler: $config:collection-rootPr//t:person[t:birth[@*]][t:death[@*]][t:occupation[@type='ruler']]
Manuscripts with miniatures in them: $config:collection-rootMS//t:decoDesc[t:decoNote[@type='miniature']]
Manuscripts with an addition element typed Ownership Note followed by another one with type Supplication: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[t:desc[@type='OwnershipNote']][following-sibling::t:item[t:desc[@type='Supplication']]]

Here you can differentiate your search by looking at the text of constructed strings from specific portions of the data. You can search for records which have a word occurring in the decoration and another in the content description, for example.















Resource type
manuscript12
textual unit8
General
Alessandro Bausi4
Antonella Brita1
Ashlee Benson1
Carsten Hoffmann1
Daria Elagina1
Denis Nosnitsin3
Dorothea Reule11
Eugenia Sokolinski7
Giulia Casella1
Jonah Sandford1
Jonas Karlsson1
Massimo Villa1
Mersha Alehegne1
Pietro Maria Liuzzo12
Ralph Lee1
Ran HaCohen1
Simone Seyboldt1
Solomon Gebreyes4
Stéphane Ancel1
Susanne Hummel1
Vitagrazia Pisani1
2023-01-101
2023-01-111
2023-01-121
2023-01-241
2023-01-251
2023-01-261
2023-01-311
2023-02-011
2023-02-021
2023-02-071
2023-10-091
2022-05-042
2022-06-211
2022-07-071
2021-01-121
2021-03-151
2021-05-141
2021-09-201
2021-10-091
2021-12-281
2020-01-221
2020-02-061
2020-02-071
2020-03-251
2020-04-091
2020-04-171
2020-07-071
2020-07-221
2020-08-112
2020-10-161
2020-10-201
2020-10-251
2020-11-261
2020-12-021
2019-02-211
2019-04-251
2019-05-101
2019-06-101
2019-07-161
2019-07-232
2018-01-091
2018-01-181
2018-03-164
2018-05-281
2018-08-021
2017-01-181
2017-03-061
2017-03-271
2017-04-241
2017-05-122
2017-05-231
2017-06-151
2017-06-191
2017-07-181
2017-07-211
2017-07-262
2017-08-083
2017-08-291
2017-08-301
2017-09-131
2017-11-221
2017-11-301
2017-12-111
2016-02-092
2016-03-212
2016-05-102
2016-07-264
2016-09-011
2016-09-191
2016-09-201
2016-12-071
2016-12-141
2015-05-161
2014-10-071
2013-05-011
2013-11-131
2010-05-021
2010-11-251
Gondarine5
Modern Period1
Postaksumite I1
Postaksumite II3
Zamana Masāfǝnt1
Apocrypha1
Canon Law2
Christian Literature15
Chronicles4
Hagiography2
History and Historiography5
Homily1
Liturgy2
Magic1
Miracle1
Monastic Literature2
New Testament1
Poetry2
Prayers1
Theology3
Translation3
Amharic1
Arabic1
Coptic1
English17
Gǝʿǝz 19
Latin 1
Manuscripts
leather6
metal1
paper2
parchment1
silk1
textile1
wood8
, 1
Acquisizioni e doni1
Bruce2
Codices aethiopici2
EMIP3
Ethio-SPaRe2
Fonds éthiopien1
Manuscrits orientaux1
Oriental1
11
26
36
complete12
incomplete4
short1
deficient1
good6
1
A collection of homilies (Dǝrsānāt)1
An elegy on Mary taken from ʾƎsaggǝd laki ʾǝsaggǝd laki1
Chronicle of Dāwit1
Chronicle of Takla Hāymānot1
Chronicle of Tewoflos1
Chronicle of Yosṭos1
Chronology of the Ethiopian kings from Yǝkunno ʾAmlāk to Yoḥannǝs I 1
ʾƎsaggǝd laki ʾǝsaggǝd laki ʾǝsaggǝd laki wa-ʾǝweddǝsaki1
Excerpts from the New Testament on the Eucharist1
Fourteen Anaphoras1
Gadla Takla Hāymānot (Dabra Libānos recension, general record)1
Kidān za-nagh1
Litanies (Zayǝnaggǝś and Mastabǝqwʿ)1
Luke 6:35-7:7, a portion of the Gospel of Luke on a “rejected leaf” originating from an ancient manuscript1
Maṣḥafa fǝlsatu la-Takla Hāymānot (general record)1
Maṣḥafa ḥāwi2
Maṣḥafa qǝddāse, Śǝrʿāta qǝddāse, Chapter 1: Prayer over new vessels1
Maṣḥafa qǝddāse, Śǝrʿāta qǝddāse, Chapter 2: Beginning of the Mass, Preparation of the ministers and the altar1
Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos, 15 stories.1
Miracles of Jesus, 3 stories.1
Miracles of Mary1
Miracles of Mary with 130 stories.1
Ṣalota fattǝto1
Sǝnkǝssār (Group A)1
Senodos1
Śǝrʿāta mangǝśt (general record)1
Short Chronicles1
Taʾāmmǝra Māryām "Miracles of Mary"1
Taʾammǝra Takla Hāymānot1
ልደተ᎓ አበዊነ᎓ መነኮሳት᎓1
መጽሐፈ፡ ልደቱ፡ ለአቡነ፡ ተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ 1
መጽሐፈ፡ ሐዊ።1
በስመ፡ ንወጥን፡ በጽሒፈ፡ መጽሐፍ፡ ዘይነግር፡ ኍልቍ፡ ዓመታተ፡ ዓለም፡ ዘአስተጋብአ፡ አብ፡ ክቡር፡ ወትሩፍ፡ ጊዮርጊስ፡ ወልደ፡ አሚድ፡ ዘብሔረ፡ ግብጽ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ተሀሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ያዕቆብ፡ አሜን፡1
በስመ፡ ንዌጥን፡ ጽሒፈ፡ ዜናሁ፡ ለ ንጉሠ፡ ነገሥት፡ አድያም፡ ሰገድ፡ ወበጸጋ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘተሰምየ፡ በስመ፡ መስፍን፡ ኢያሱ፡ ወልደ፡ ነዌ፡1
13001
14121
15992
16921
17001
17551
17722
17991
18001
18501
19501
11001
13821
15001
15501
16001
16822
17002
17011
17692
19001
1001
511
601
651
ʿaqqābe saʿāt Tasabka Madḫǝn1
Beta Krǝstos1
Tasabka Madḫǝn1
ተሰብከ፡ መድኅን፡1
Codex12
Other1
17.8751
1701
1741
2851
2941
2951
3001
3031
3051
3401
471
4901
691
no16
yes4
parchment12
015
21
31
52
61
017
22
31
011
11
131
151
22
54
09
17
21
32
61
016
182
201
381
020
08
101
201
21
251
321
331
431
51
5891
651
661
7051
106.01
11
1251
1311
1351
1391
1472
149 (148+147α)1
2081
245+21
2641
41
481
iiii + 1221
no18
yes2
Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana1
Bibliothèque nationale de France1
Bodleian Library2
British Library1
Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat1
Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs1
Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project3
Hill Museum and Manuscript Library1
Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk1
Monumento Nazionale Abbazia di Casamari1
Nǝḥbi Qǝddus Mikāʾel1
Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg1
1A-1A-1A1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C1
1A-1A-1A1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/J1
1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C1
A1-A1-A1A1/0-0/0-0/C1
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.1
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.1
Bǝḍʿā Giyorgis1
Tawalda Hǝḍān1
Tawalda Hǝḍan1
አርሳንዮስ፡1
Ethiopic11
only metadata4
some text present16
band1
bindingMaterial10
Boards1
Cover1
Endbands1
frame2
miniature1
ornamentation2
Other2
SewingStations3
alexander2
diocletian2
ethiopian2
islamic1
world2
Comment1
DonationNote2
GuestText3
LandGrant2
OwnershipNote2
Record2
Supplication1
Unclear2
findingAid2
ScribalSupplication1
StampExlibris3
Unclear1
15.51
1551
1581
2201
2252
2651
2701
2741
2781
381
4321
621
171
181
211
231
253
27 281
291
29 301
301
341
351
38 431
401
42 431
451
6 91
Textual and Narrative Units
only metadata4
some text present16
Places and Repositories
Persons and Groups
15991
16501
16921
17001
17991
18001
18501
15001
16002
16821
17002
15821
17281
ethnic4
n/a20
individual20

There are 20 entities matching your text query for "ኢይደልዎ" with the parameters shown at the right. (searched: ኢይደልዎ)

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    stubmanuscriptsEMIP01921TEI
    ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 88
    1 in foreign
    Signatures
    88, EMIP 1921
    Short Description
    This parchment codex is composed of 125 leaves. It has 682 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Late-sixteenth century. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

    አብጥሊስ፡ ፸፬ ኢይደልዎ፡ ይሠየም፡ ኤጲስ፡ ቆጶስ፡ ዕውር፡ አው፡ ጽሙም፡ አው፡ በሃም፡

    in element foreign within a msItem, with id ms_i1.23.82
    placespersonsrelations

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    No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

    stubworksLIT2679ACAbt2TEI
    Apostolic canons Abṭelisāt (80)
    CAe 2679Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
    1 in t:ab

    ...ንተ፡ ኤጲስ፡ ቆጶስ። ኢይደሉ፡ ይትቀነይ፡ ለመኳንንት፡ እስመ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ወኢይከውኖ፡ ለኤጲስ፡ ቆጶስ፡ ያውድቅ፡ ርእሶ፡ እምሐራ፡...

    in element t:ab within a t:div, at 76
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      stubworksLIT2677ACABt1TEI
      Apostolic canons Abṭelisāt (81)
      CAe 2677Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
      6 in t:ab

      ...ወለእመ፡ ኮነ፡ ዘአውሰበ፡ ካልእተ፡ ብእሲተ፡ ድንግለ፡ እስመ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ይሠየም፡ ኤጲስ፡ ቆጶስ፡ ወኢቀሲስ፡ ወኢዲያቆን፡ ወኢምን...

      in element t:ab within a t:div, at 16

      ...ገርነ፡ አው፡ አረማዊት፡ አው፡ ዘሀለወት፡ በትሕዝብት፡ እስመ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ከመ፡ ይኩን፡ ኤጲስ፡ ቆጶስ፡ ወኢቀሲስ፡ ወኢዲያቆን፡ ወ...

      in element t:ab within a t:div, at 17

      ... አው፡ አውሰበ፡ ወለተ፡ እኅቱ፡ አው፡ ወለተ፡ እኁሁ፡ እስመ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ይሠየም፡ ኤጲስ፡ ቆጶስ፡ ወኢቀሲስ፡ ወኢዲያቆን፡ ወኢምን...

      in element t:ab within a t:div, at 18
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        stubmanuscriptsESnsm007TEI
        Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Nǝḥbi Qǝddus Mikāʾel, NSM-007
        1 in ab
        Signatures
        NSM-007
        Short Description
        This parchment codex is composed of 106.0 leaves. It has 7 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: First half of the 20th cent.(?). There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

        ...፡ አምላክ፡ ወይቤ፡ ወልደ፡ ቅድመ፡ ዘተሐፅበ፡ በማየ፡ እምየ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ኵነኔ፡ ሞት፡ ሕዕብዎ፡ ዳግመ፡ በማየ፡ ሕይ...

        in element ab within a div, at 54
        placespersonsrelations

        List of related persons

        No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

        stubworksLIT2639CanonsSimon1TEI
        Canons of S. Simon the Canaanite (1st recension)
        CAe 2639Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
        1 in t:ab
        Witnesses

          እስመ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ለዲያቆን፡ ያቅርብ፡ ቍርባነ፡ በእዴሁ፡ ወያጥምቅ፡ ጥምቀተ፡ ወይባርክ፡ ሕዝበ፡ በረከተ፡ ንኡሰ፡ ወዐቢየ። ...

          in element t:ab within a t:div, at 54
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          stubworksLIT2671CanonsSimon2TEI
          Canons of S. Simon the Canaanite 2nd recension
          CAe 2671Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
          5 in t:ab

          ...ሕነ፡ ንስዕሮሙ፡ አላ፡ ለእመ፡ ኮነ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ዘከማሁ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ይስዐሮ፡ ወኢይትከሀሎ፡ ዘእንበለ፡ በሀልዎ፡ ኤጲስ፡ ቆጶ...

          in element t:ab within a t:div, at 5

          ...ስ፡ አው፡ ኤጲስ፡ ቆጶስ፡ ይቄድሶ። ወዘይቴሐት፡ እምዲያቆናት፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ይግበር፡ ግብረ፡ ዲያቆናት፡ ወዲያቆናት፡ ኢይባርኩ፡ መነ...

          in element t:ab within a t:div, at 7

          ...ከውን፡ እንከ፡ በእንተ፡ አስትቶ፡ በቍርባን፡ ዘያቀርቡ፡ ለዘ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ወይመስሎሙ፡ ክህነት፡ ከመ፡ ተውኔት፡ ወኢያአምሩ፡ ከመ፡...

          in element t:ab within a t:div, at 47
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            stubworksLIT4275ChronAmdSTEI
            Chronicle of ʿAmda Ṣǝyon
            CAe 4275Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
            1 in ab
            Witnesses
              Abstract
              Account of campaigns of ʿAmda Ṣǝyon I against the Muslims of South-East Ethiopia. According to , originally it was not a real historical work, but a homily to read in the church, with a propagandist purpose.

              ...በመዐት፡ እለ፡ ሀለዉ፡ በየማኑ፡ ወበፀጋሙ፡ ለንጉሥ፡ ወይቤሉ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ሕይወት፡ ለዝንቱ፡ እስመ፡ ...

              in element ab within a div, at 72
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              stubworksLIT4633ChronicleTEI
              Chronicle of Bakāffā
              CAe 4633Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
              1 in t:ab
              Author attributions

              ... ወየሽሕ፡ አለቆች፡ ወይቤሉ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ለሙቁሕ፡ ያስተጋብእ፡ ደቂቆ።4 ...

              in element t:ab within a t:div, at 189
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                stubworksLIT3951ChronSusenyosTEI
                Chronicle of Susǝnyos
                CAe 3951Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                1 in t:ab

                ...፡ ወበገሲሶቱ፡ እንዘ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ሐገገ፡ ላዕሌሁ፡ ሕገ፡ ሞት፡ወሥራዌ፡ ወተበርበሮተ፡ ንዋ...

                in element t:ab within a t:div, at 158
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                  stubmanuscriptsEMML6458TEI
                  Collegeville, Hill Museum and Manuscript Library, MS EMML no. 6458
                  Link to images
                  1 in ab
                  Signatures
                  MS EMML no. 6458
                  Short Description
                  This parchment codex is composed of 208 leaves. It has 403 main content units in 1 codicological unit. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                  ...መ፡ አውሰበ፡ ብእሲተ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ሢመተ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጵጵ...

                  in element ab within a div, at 2.day.1
                  placespersonsrelations

                  List of related persons

                  stubmanuscriptsBMLacq681TEI
                  Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML Acq. e doni 681
                  1 in ab
                  Signatures
                  BML Acq. e doni 681, Marrassini ms. 4
                  Short Description
                  This parchment codex is composed of 131 leaves. It has 22 main content units in 3 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: 18th century (dating on palaeographic grounds). There are The description includes a collation of the quires.

                  ...ረሰ፡ ተሐጽበ፡ ማየ፡ ገነት፡ ዘአንቃዕኩ፡ እምታሕተ፡ እግርኪ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ኵነኔ፡ ሞት። ወይእዜኒ፡ ይሕጽብዎ፡ ዳግመ፡ በማየ፡ ሕይ...

                  in element ab within a div, at 81
                  placespersonsrelations

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                  stubmanuscriptsFSUor13TEI
                  Frankfurt, Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt Ms. or. 13
                  Link to images
                  3 in incipit
                  Signatures
                  Frankfurt Ms. or. 13, Rüpp. III, 1, Goldschmidt 9
                  Short Description
                  This parchment codex is composed of leaves. It has 65 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1682-1755 (reign). There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

                  ... ዘከመ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ለብእሲ፡ ከመ፡ ኢይጽርፍ፡ ወኢይፅአል፡ ብእሴ፡ በተበቅሎ...

                  in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i1.11

                  ...ትትከፈል፡ በዕሪና፡ ኀበ፡ ሰብአ፡ መፍቅድ። ወበእንተ፡ ዘከመ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ለዘ፡ ኢያጥረየ፡ ምንተኒ፡ ...

                  in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i1.21

                  ...ተርአየ፡ ወተዓውቀ፡ እምነ፡ ነፍሱ፡ ምግባረ፡ ሕፀፅ፡ ወአበሳ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ከመ፡ ...

                  in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i1.40
                  placespersonsrelations

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                  stubmanuscriptsESmy002TEI
                  Gulo Maḵadā, Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs, MY-002
                  1 in foreign
                  Signatures
                  MY-002
                  Short Description
                  This parchment codex is composed of 149 (148+147α) 1 147 leaves. It has 31 main content units in 2 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: Eleventh to fourteenth century. 1382—1412. There are The description includes a collation of the quires.

                  ኢይደልዎ፡

                  in element foreign within a msItem, with id p2_i1.18
                  placespersonsrelations

                  List of related persons

                  stubworksLIT1758LefafaTEI
                  Lǝfāfa ṣǝdq
                  CAe 1758Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                  1 in t:ab
                  Abstract
                  A collection of magic prayers, usually copied on a scroll which is buried with the deceased. General record.

                  ዘንተ ፡ ነገርየ ፡ ኢይደልዎ ፡ ይክሥት ፡ አስማትየ ፨ ወካዕበ ፡ ተስእለቶ ፡ እግዝእትነ ፡ ማርያም ፡ ለኢየሱስ ፡ ...

                  in element t:ab within a t:div, at 15
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                    stubmanuscriptsBLorient778TEI
                    London, British Library, BL Oriental 778
                    Link to images
                    5 in ab
                    Signatures
                    BL Oriental 778, Wright cat. CCCXLVIII, Wright 348
                    Short Description
                    This parchment codex is composed of 245+2 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1600-1700. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                    ...ቅዱሳን፡ ወለእመኒ፡ ናፈቁ፡ በእንተ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ሕዝብ፡ ብዙኃን፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ከመ፡ ይትገኃሥ፡ እምግባሩ፡ በምክንያተ፡ እለ፡ ይናፍቁ፡...

                    in element ab within a div, at Introduction

                    ... ወላዕለ፡ ዝኩ፡ ይከውን፡ ዕሩየ፡ ወከመ፡ ውእቱ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ለብእሲ፡ ይጽርፍ፡ ወይጽአል፡ ብእሴ፡ ዘተበቀሎ፡ በነፍሱ...

                    in element ab within a div, at Introduction

                    ... ባህል፡ ፲ወ፱። በእንተ፡ ፈቃድ፡ ሠናይ፡ ወከመ፡ ለገባሪሃ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ኀዘን፡ እመ፡ ውእቱ፡ ገብራ፡ በትግሀት፡ ወበንደት። ...

                    in element ab within a div, at Introduction
                    placespersonsrelations

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                    No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                    stubmanuscriptsMNC016TEI

                    1 in explicit
                    Signatures
                    MNC-016, MS 117, Inventory number: 50513
                    Short Description
                    This parchment codex is composed of 139 135 4 leaves. It has 37 main content units in 2 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: 1682-1692 (prosopography) The handwriting is consistent with an eighteenth-nineteenth century dating. (dating on palaeographic grounds). There are The description includes a collation of the quires.

                    ...ቱ፡ ኅብስት፡ ወትሰትይዎ፡ ለዘሰትየ፡ ለዝንቱ፡ ጽዋዕ፡ እንዘ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ይትኴነን፡ በእንተ፡ ሥጋሁ፡ ወደሙ፡ ለክርስቶስ፡ ወይእዜ...

                    in element explicit within a msItem, with id p1_i7.1
                    placespersonsrelations

                    List of related persons

                    No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                    stubmanuscriptsBDLbruce90TEI
                    Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 90
                    1 in incipit
                    Signatures
                    Bodleian Bruce 90, Dillmann cat. XXXI, Dillmann 31, EMIP 3188
                    Short Description
                    This parchment codex is composed of iiii + 122 leaves. It has 5 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1769-1772. There are The description includes a collation of the quires.

                    ወነግሠ፡ ዮስጦስ፡ በኀይል፡ እንዘ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ መንግሥት፡

                    in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i4
                    placespersonsrelations

                    List of related persons

                    stubmanuscriptsBDLbruce92TEI
                    Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 92
                    1 in title
                    Signatures
                    Bodleian Bruce 92, Dillmann cat. XXVIII, Dillmann 28, EMIP 3190
                    Short Description
                    This parchment codex is composed of 48 leaves. It has 30 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1769-1772. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                    ራስ፡ ዮስጦስ፡ ነግሠ፡ በኀይል፡ እንዘ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ መንግሥት፡

                    in element title within a msItem, with id ms_i2.14
                    placespersonsrelations

                    List of related persons

                    No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

                    stubmanuscriptsBNFet110TEI
                    Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 110
                    1 in t:ab
                    Signatures
                    BnF Éthiopien 110, Éth. 100
                    Short Description
                    This parchment codex is composed of 264 leaves. It has 64 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1500-1599. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                    ...ውን፡ ዕሩየ። ወበእንተ፡ ዘከመ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ለብእሊ፡ ከመ፡ ይጽርፍ፡ ወይጽአል፡ ብእሴ፡ በተበቅሎ፡ ...

                    in element t:ab within a t:div, at 10
                    placespersonsrelations

                    List of related persons

                    stubmanuscriptsIVorlov35TEI
                    Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Orlov 35
                    1 in ab
                    Signatures
                    IV Orlov 35, Turaev cat. III.43, IV Ef. 18
                    Short Description
                    This parchment codex is composed of 147 leaves. It has 18 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1700-1799. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                    ...፡ በሕሊናሁ፡ በገቢረ፡ ተዝካሮ፡ በፍሥሐ፡ ወበአክብሮ፡ ኢይደልዎ፡ ይቤሎ፡ በይእቲ፡ ዕለት፡ አቡየ፡ ተክለ ሃይማኖት፡ ...

                    in element ab within a div, at Prologue2
                    placespersonsrelations

                    List of related persons