Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

You can run a simple search which will look in all text indexes. This is the simplest search that we can offer. Check the options below the input box if you want to change the default settings.

Note that you can click on and/or symbols under the search field for additional filters/facets and on to activate the virtual keyboard.

When the results appear you can use facets to narrow your selection. For that, first select the facet (Item type, Author of changes, Keywords, etc.) and then press "refine search results ".
Here you can get a list of items given some parameters, like the entity type, without searching for a string. You can play with the filters to restrict the search and you can certainly combine these with a text search. If you know the identifier (ID) of an item (LIT1234name, MS123abc, PRS12345name, etc.) you can paste it here, and you will get it in the results. if you know only a part, eg. LIT20... it will give you all those which match. To reach a given item with its ID, you can also append that to the base URL of the website, https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1234name and you will be redirected to the correct landing page. If you have at hand the Clavis Aethiopica number of a Textual Unit, e.g. CAe 1234, you can enter it here and the search will point you to that record. We record (unsystematically) corresponding identifiers from other Claves, like CAVT or CANT, here you can select which one you want to look for and search for records pointing to that. We record for each repository information on settlement, region and country. By searching for the identifier of a place the query will look at related places and check for other repositories which may be associated. If you know how to write your XPath, and know the source TEI (available for each file, by appending .xml to the identifier of the record) you will be able to run that query against the db here. Not all possible paths are optimized. Parallel to the XML, also an RDF triple store is maintained by the project. Here you get an interface to the SPARQL endpoint. You can add your SPARQL query and see the results available.
In the search mask above, you can search for text, below there are options and you can add filters ( ). You can then use facets to narrow your selection.
But text is not all you can search for. In the top menu you can switch to other types of queries and searches which rely on different indexes and data formats.
You can check this box to use 'smart' ranking, where a higher score is assigned to hits in placeName, persName, title or to records with text or an occupation element. This will make you wait a bit more. If running a text search, you can select the type of text search. This determines how the single words which you enter are matched in the indexes here By default the search will use OR as an operator, which means that if you search two words you will get hits which contain one OR the other. You may wish to use AND to get the matches which contain your first word AND your second word. If you want them in that particular order, consider using phrase mode from the search type. Click on this plus button to see a series of additional options for your search. If you wish to search for a given word in the hands descriptions and another word in the decorations, here you can do that, using fields. This may help you enter characters which are not immediately present on your keyboard. Keep a letter pressed for additional forms. Use Shift and Alt for alternative keyboards. Instead of the pointer you can use your own keyboard with these values when active. Homophones are mechanically replaced for you, so that for example, if you search for one of 'ሀ', 'ሐ', 'ኀ', 'ሃ', 'ሓ', 'ኃ' we will search for all of them. If you deselect this checkbox the list of homophones will not be considered and only the exact string you searched will be passed on. Homophones are not replaced for search strings longer than 10 characters and is not applied in all modes. If you entered a search string for a Gǝʿǝz string, either typing it in Fidal or in a transliteration format, we can try to convert it and search also the other form. If you entered ወልደ the search engine will look also for walda. If you entered walda also for ወልደ. This depends on the availability of the alternate form.

You can enter above your SPARQL query to the RDF representation of the data stored in Apache Jena Fuseki. Please use single quotes ' not double.

PREFIXes are already there (see below), so you can start with SELECT. If you prefer to use your prefixes, do so, no problem. A super tutorial on how to build SPARQL queries is here at Apache Jena.

Results do not have facets and are presented as they are requested in the query from the SPARQL response.



PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX lawd: <http://lawd.info/ontology/>
PREFIX oa: <http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#>
PREFIX ecrm: <http://erlangen-crm.org/current/>
PREFIX crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/>
PREFIX gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#>
PREFIX agrelon: <http://d-nb.info/standards/elementset/agrelon.owl#>
PREFIX rel: <http://purl.org/vocab/relationship/>
PREFIX dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
PREFIX bm: <https://betamasaheft.eu/>
PREFIX pelagios: <http://pelagios.github.io/vocab/terms#>
PREFIX syriaca: <http://syriaca.org/documentation/relations.html#>
PREFIX saws: <http://purl.org/saws/ontology#>
PREFIX snap: <http://data.snapdrgn.net/ontology/snap#>
PREFIX pleiades: <https://pleiades.stoa.org/>
PREFIX wd: <https://www.wikidata.org/>
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX t: <http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0>
PREFIX sdc: <https://w3id.org/sdc/ontology#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

You can also use the API to query the SPARQL endpoint, using https://betamasaheft.eu/api/SPARQL with the query in a parameter q. The results are SPARQL Query Results XML Format, as the one visualized below.

In the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines you can find the OWLDoc Documentation and a visualization thanks to webVOWL of the current ontology developed with Protégé.

Some examples of the data you are querying

Documentation on Linked Open Data can be found here.

Examples:
Search for female donors: "SELECT ?ms ?person WHERE { ?annotation a bm:donor ; oa:hasBody ?person ; oa:hasTarget ?ms . ?ms a bm:mss . ?person foaf:gender 'female' . } "
Manuscripts with a patron of the imperial family: "SELECT DISTINCT ?manuscript ?patron ?relation ?ruler WHERE{ ?annotation a bm:patron ; oa:hasTarget ?manuscript ; oa:hasBody ?patron . ?manuscript a bm:mss . ?patron snap:hasBond ?bondName . ?bondName rdf:type ?relation ; snap:bond-with ?ruler . ?ruler snap:occupation 'Emperor' . }"
Mountains mentioned in Liturgy manuscripts: "SELECT DISTINCT ?mountain ?manuscript WHERE { ?att oa:hasBody ?mountain ; oa:hasTarget ?manuscript . ?manuscript a bm:mss ; a bm:Liturgy . ?mountain a bm:place ; pleiades:hasFeatureType in <https://betamasaheft.eu/authority-files/mountain> . } LIMIT 50"

The results presented here are visualized with d3sparql

Enter above your XPath 3.0 query to the data. (You can alternatively use the old XPath search page here) Please, use t: namespace for TEI elements. The starting point of any Xpath should be $config:collection-root if you are searching the entire dataset.

NB: if you are a member of the BM GitHub organization and work with Oxygen you may run your XPath Queries directly in your Oxygen project; in this case start the string directly with //TEI.

You can also use, as a cached and short form to point to collections the following variables: $config:collection-rootMS for manuscripts; $config:collection-rootW for Textual Units $config:collection-rootPl for places; $config:collection-rootPr for persons; $config:collection-rootIn for repositories; $config:collection-rootA for authority files.

Examples:
Persons marked up in colophons: $config:collection-rootMS//t:colophon[t:persName]
Manuscripts with at least 26 additions: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[@xml:id='a26']
Manuscripts with a text marked up as Amharic: $config:collection-rootMS//t:TEI[descendant::t:textLang[@mainLang='am' or @otherLangs='am']]
Manuscripts with additions that contain something tagged Amharic: $config:collection-rootMS//t:TEI[not(contains(@xml:id, 'IHA'))]//t:additions[descendant::t:*[@xml:lang='am']]
Records with the title with the subtype inscriptio: $config:collection-root//t:title[contains(@subtype,'inscriptio')]
Manuscripts that have at least 31 quires: $config:collection-rootMS//t:collation/t:list[count(t:item) ge 31]
Manuscripts where a roleName appears: $config:collection-rootMS//t:roleName
Additons of the type OwnershipNote: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[t:desc[@type='OwnershipNote']]
Place records revised in 2022: $config:collection-rootPl//t:revisionDesc/t:change[contains(concat(' ', @when, ' '), '2022')]
Work records that contain "Senodos" inside title: $config:collection-rootW//t:titleStmt/t:title[contains(.,'Senodos')]
Works that contain the string "Senodos" somewhere: $config:collection-rootW//*[contains(.,'Senodos')]
Person record which have at least some attribute for birth and death (can be when, notBefore, notAfter) elements and occupation type ruler: $config:collection-rootPr//t:person[t:birth[@*]][t:death[@*]][t:occupation[@type='ruler']]
Manuscripts with miniatures in them: $config:collection-rootMS//t:decoDesc[t:decoNote[@type='miniature']]
Manuscripts with an addition element typed Ownership Note followed by another one with type Supplication: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[t:desc[@type='OwnershipNote']][following-sibling::t:item[t:desc[@type='Supplication']]]

Here you can differentiate your search by looking at the text of constructed strings from specific portions of the data. You can search for records which have a word occurring in the decoration and another in the content description, for example.















Resource type
manuscript44
General
Abreham Adugna2
Alessandro Bausi1
Denis Nosnitsin44
Eugenia Sokolinski18
Iosif Fridman7
Irene Roticiani2
Jacopo Gnisci1
Magdalena Krzyzanowska5
Massimo Villa9
Nafisa Valieva1
Pietro Maria Liuzzo44
Stéphane Ancel6
Susanne Hummel10
Veronika Roth1
Vitagrazia Pisani5
2024-02-241
2023-01-191
2023-03-231
2022-04-261
2022-06-161
2021-05-271
2021-11-231
2020-03-261
2020-07-021
2020-08-121
2020-08-131
2020-08-201
2020-09-161
2020-10-011
2020-10-301
2020-12-211
2019-03-292
2019-04-011
2019-04-2511
2019-04-264
2019-06-142
2018-09-271
2017-11-271
2016-05-1043
2016-06-161
2015-01-101
2015-01-121
2015-01-141
2015-01-171
2015-01-291
2015-02-022
2015-02-051
2015-02-091
2015-02-161
2015-02-171
2015-03-051
2015-03-231
2015-04-051
2015-04-233
2015-04-291
2015-05-052
2015-05-291
2015-07-081
2015-07-172
2015-09-115
2015-09-132
2015-09-142
2015-12-161
2014-03-121
2014-05-221
2014-06-021
2014-06-031
2014-06-071
2014-06-082
2014-06-102
2014-07-251
2014-07-291
2014-08-062
2014-08-201
2014-08-251
2014-08-271
2014-09-091
2014-09-101
2014-09-161
2014-09-201
2014-09-291
2014-10-091
2014-11-281
2014-12-081
2014-12-121
2013-03-201
2013-04-051
2013-07-221
2013-07-301
2013-08-211
2013-12-121
2013-12-281
2012-01-231
2012-04-121
2012-06-191
2012-06-251
2012-07-111
2011-02-011
2011-02-061
2011-02-241
2011-02-251
2011-03-081
2011-09-291
2011-10-181
2011-11-231
2011-11-281
2010-04-201
2010-04-241
2010-04-272
2010-04-2814
2010-04-297
2010-04-3011
2010-05-111
2010-07-284
2010-09-141
2010-09-191
2010-09-232
2010-10-211
2010-12-111
2009-04-301
Crucifixion of Jesus1
Evangelist Portrait1
Tempietto1
Empty Cross1
First Solomonic Style1
interlace1
Short Cycle1
Sun and Moon1
Two Thieves1
Leaf tab marker1
arch1
architecture1
bird1
column1
cross1
curtain1
Gondarine1
Golden Gospel1
Apocrypha4
Bible2
Christian Literature2
Hagiography11
Homily7
Legal Document1
Liturgy2
Magic1
Miracle1
Missal4
New Testament5
Old Testament5
Poetry4
Prayers4
Rituals2
Rituals and Rites3
Translation1
Amharic1
English44
Gǝʿǝz 27
Manuscripts
arches1
birds1
building1
columns1
cross1
curtained1
Empty Cross1
interlace1
lintel1
Sun and Moon1
two columns1
Two Thieves1
White thread1
Crucifixion of Jesus1
Tempietto1
cardboard3
leather23
metal1
textile8
wood32
Ethio-SPaRe44
17
231
32
complete14
incomplete12
deficient22
good21
intact1
4 miracles of Cyricus1
5 miracles of Jesus1
Aksumite Collection, part 11
Aksumite Collection, part 21
Aksumite Collection, part 31
A text concerning the childhood and youth of the Virgin Mary and the birth of Christ (fols. 16ra-vb, 147ra-148va)1
Books of Kings3
Dǝrsāna sanbata krǝstiyān “Homily on the Sabbath of Christians” (Homily on the observance of Sunday, ascribed to Jaqob of Serug)1
Discourse by John Chrysostom on the life and decollation of John the Baptist1
Four Gospels2
Fragments from the Four Gospels1
Fragments of the Acts of Martyrs1
Gadla Qirqos “Vita of Cyricus"1
Gadla samāʿtāt2
Hagiographic Dossier of St Gabra Manfas Qǝddus1
Hagiographic Dossier of Sts Cyricus and Julitta2
Homiliary2
Homilies, Easter liturgy1
Homilies1
Homily by Cyril (Gerlos) Patriarch of Jerusalem on the Resurrection of Jesus Christ1
Homily by the Orthodox on St. John the Baptist1
Is. 1 (fol. 98rv)1
Is. 5-6 (fol. 18ra-vb)1
Maftǝḥe śǝrāy “Undoing of Charms”: 40 protective prayers1
Martyrdom of St. George of Lydda1
Martyrdom of Theocritus the Reader, commemorated on 17 Maggābit1
Maṣḥafa lǝdatā la-Māryām “Book of the Nativity of Mary”1
Octateuch1
Old Testament Fragments1
One miracle of Libānos1
Prayer concerning Yoḥannǝs (Maṭmǝq) (?)1
Psalter1
Salutation to you, treshold of the East...1
Taʾammǝra ʾIyasus1
Taʾammǝra Libānos “Miracles of Libānos”, 3 miracles1
Taʾammǝra Māryām3
Taʾammǝra Māryām “Miracles of Mary”1
Text concerning Archangel Michael, the Vision of Daniel and the Three Holy Children1
Text concerning John the Baptist1
Text concerning the Nativity of John the Baptist1
Text containing God’s promises to Israel (fol. 123rv, a loose leaf)1
VI) Unidentified text1
Ya-ʿUrā Masqal dabdābbe, Land-charter of ʿUrā Masqal1
Za-Ḥǝzqǝʾel nabiy “Of Ezekiel the Prophet” (fol. 18vb), incipit,1
13001
13502
14001
14301
14501
15004
15401
15501
16001
17201
17503
17601
18005
18201
18251
18502
18761
18892
19003
19132
19201
19611
20005
12011
12502
13003
13502
13802
14003
15081
16502
17006
17401
17502
17751
18002
18502
18721
18801
18812
18892
19004
19601
19701
1001
1051
1101
1301
151
2001
251
271
331
351
401
421
431
453
502
521
531
554
603
621
651
705
751
831
901
ʾabeto Č̣ammār1
ʾabuna Zawalda Māryām1
Codex43
1101
1201
1251
1301
1361
1502
1751
1801
1851
1921
2101
2171
2201
2271
2291
2402
2451
2501
2551
2751
2801
2852
2904
2951
3041
3061
3101
3201
3502
4501
5351
no33
yes11
White thread1
parchment43
018
110
121
210
32
41
52
038
101
33
41
51
07
111
114
215
41
52
63
81
02
101
111
127
23
34
45
51
042
151
221
044
01
115
151
181
211
213
221
311
411
42
421
431
481
71
82
91
1001
102.01
11.01
114.01
120.01
122.01
1251
132.01
133.01
136.01
141
1441
145.01
149.01
150.01
161.01
162+21
164.01
173.01
179.01
181.01
217.01
241
263.02
28.01
281.01
381
39.01
42.01
47.01
51
53.01
59.01
61
63.01
66.01
72.01
80.01
81
84.02
88.02
90.01
95.01
97.01
no35
yes9
ʿUrā Qirqos44
15rv 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/A!1
1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C1
1A-1A/0-0/0-0/C1
5r-88v: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.1
Fols 1r–7v1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C1
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A-1A/0-0/0-0/B.1
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.2
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/A (s. 44r).1
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/B. 1
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.1
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.17
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.2
Ruling pattern:1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.2
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C. 5
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/J.1
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A/0-0/0-0/C.4
Ruling pattern: 1J-1J-1J1J/0-0/0-0/C.1
Ruling pattern: 1r-4v: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/B!.1
The ruling pattern cannot be assessed with certainty due to present condition of the Ms.1
The ruling pattern is different for the Canon tables.1
ʾArʾāya Śǝllāse1
Dastā Gabra Māryām1
Dastā Gabra Māryām1
Gabra ʾƎgziʾabǝḥer1
Gabra Ḥǝywat1
Gabra Śǝllāse ʿālamenäh1
Gabra Śǝllāse ʿālamenäh1
Ḫāyla ʾIyasus1
Kǝfla Śǝllāse1
Maḫḍǝnta Māryām1
Mǝḫḍǝnta Māryām 1
Mǝḫḍǝnta Māryām1
Rämḥä Śǝllāse1
Sǝbbuḥ, märigeta (?)1
Walda Muse1
Walda Tǝnśāʾe1
Za-Mikāʾel1
Zawalda Māryām1
Zawalda Māryām2
Zawalda Māryām3
Ethiopic42
only metadata42
some text present2
bindingMaterial41
Boards1
drawing4
Endbands40
frame8
miniature8
Other38
SewingStations2
AcquisitionNote1
Admonition1
CalendaricNote1
CommemorativeNote2
Directive1
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OwnershipNote1
ProtectivePrayer1
Record2
ScribalNoteCommissioning1
Correction1
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StampExlibris1
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Textual and Narrative Units
only metadata42
some text present2
Places and Repositories
Persons and Groups
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Signatures
UM-003
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 84.0 leaves. It has 3 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1953 year of mercy (=1960/61 A.D.) (s. the colophon). There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-005
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 164.0 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 20th cent.. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-007
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 145.0 leaves. It has 2 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: King Mǝnilǝk II (r. 1889-1913) and Metropolitan Ṗeṭros (in tenure 1881-1917) are mentioned in Additio 1.. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-008
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 47.0 leaves. It has 19 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 27 Tāḫśāś 1969 year of mercy (= 2 January 1976 A.D.), s. colophon 2.. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-009
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 97.0 leaves. It has 46 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 20th cent. (?). There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-010
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 95.0 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 19th cent. (?). There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-012
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 122.0 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1800-1850. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-013
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 181.0 leaves. It has 2 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Baḥr nagāśi Tawalda Madḫǝn donated also Ms. UM-029, dated to the time of King Yoḥannǝs IV (r. 1872-1889) and Metropolitan Ṗeṭros IV (in tenure 1881-1917).. There are The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-014
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 161.0 8 5 150.0 leaves. It has 13 main content units in 3 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: late 18th or early 19th cent. (?) late 18th or early 19th cent. (?). There are The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-015
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 173.0 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Late 20th cent.. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-016
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 120.0 leaves. It has 2 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 20th cent. (?). There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-017
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 133.0 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: . There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-018
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 281.0 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1400-1550. There are The description does not include a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-019, C3-IV-76 (front board)
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 102.0 leaves. It has 2 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: . There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-021
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 136.0 leaves. It has 2 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 13 Tāḫśāś 1975 A.M. (= 22th December 1982 A.D., s. colophon).. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-022
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 66.0 leaves. It has 2 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: s. Additio 1; the Ms. was donated during the reign of King Yoḥannǝs IV (r. 1872-89) and the tenure of Metropolitan Ṗeṭros IV (1881-1917).. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-023
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 114.0 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: . There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-024
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 179.0 leaves. It has 6 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Mid-17th - mid-18th century (?).. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-025, C3-IV-79
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 149.0 leaves. It has 2 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 15th cent. (?). There are The description does not include a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-027
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 263.0 leaves. It has 16 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Mid-14th - mid-15th cent.(?) The earliest king mentioned in Additio 2 is Sayfa ʾĀrʿad (r. 1344-71), but the note may be posterior to his time. Other Additiones mention King Baʾǝda Māryām (r. 1468-78) and King Lǝbna Dǝngǝl (r. 1508-40).. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-029
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 88.0 leaves. It has 6 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: . There are The description includes a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-030
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of leaves. It has 25 main content units in 4 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: Some leaves date back to the 14th or 15th century, some to the 17th or 18th century (dating on palaeographic grounds). There are The description does not include a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-031, C3-IV-78
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 80.0 leaves. It has 2 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1700-1800. There are The description includes a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-032, C3–IV-82
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 28.0 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 15th cent.(?). There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-033
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of leaves. It has 0 main content units in 1 codicological unit. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-034
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 59.0 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Quires I-V: late 19th century-early 20th century. Quires VI-VII: early 20th century.. There are The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-035, C3-IV-83
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 11.0 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1700-1750. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-037
Short Description
This is composed of leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Late 14th – 15th cent. (?). The description does not include a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-039, ሲኖዶስ C3-IV-71, C3-IV-73
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 162+2 38 24 100 leaves. It has 36 main content units in 3 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: 1201-1300 ?. The description includes a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-040, C3-IV-69
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 217.0 leaves. It has 8 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Pre-1350(?). ff. 1-2 and 3-4 (quire A) originate from two different Mss., comparable in age with the age of the main text block.. There are The description includes a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-041
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 39.0 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: First half or mid-18th cent (?).. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-042
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 144 125 14 6 leaves. It has 12 main content units in 3 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: Around the middle of or the second half of the 18th century. Around the middle of or in the second half of the 18th century. Second half of the 18th century/bginning of the 19th century. Second half of the 18th century.. There are The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-045
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of leaves. It has 38 main content units in 5 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: 1350-1500. There are The description does not include a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-046, C3-IV-71 (fol. 1)
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1300-1400. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-047
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 90.0 leaves. It has 2 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 18th cent. (?). There are The description includes a collation of the quires.
Signatures
UM-050, C3-IV-81 (on the front board)
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of leaves. It has 39 main content units in 10 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: 1300-1600. There are The description does not include a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-050a, C3-IV-81 (on the front board)
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 42.0 leaves. It has 5 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Late 14th to early 15th cent.. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
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Signatures
UM-051
Short Description
This parchment codex is composed of 72.0 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1900-2000. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
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