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London, British Library, BL Oriental 691

Marcin Krawczuk, Solomon Gebreyes

This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the Catalogue Bibliography

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/BLorient691
British Library[view repository]

Collection: Oriental

Other identifiers: Wright cat. CCLV, Wright 255

Places IndexPersons IndexGeneralDescriptionPhysical DescriptionCatalogueAuthors

General description

Acts of saints and martyrs, and homilies for various festivals

Number of Text units: 36

Number of Codicological units: 1

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Origin

15 October 1292 .

Provenance

The manuscript had very probably belonged to a church in the Gondar↗ area, from where it was taken by Tewodros II and brought to Madḫāne ʿĀlam↗ . It was then looted by the British Napier expedition in 1868.

Contents

check the viewerFols 1r and following Manifestation of the prophet Habakkuk at Qarṭasā (3rd of Ḫǝdār) (CAe 6168)

Language of text:

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ):አመ፡ ሠሉሱ፡ ለኅዳር፡ አስተርእዮቱ፡ ለአንባቆም፡ ነቢይ፡ በአማን፡ በሃገረ፡ እንተ፡ ስማ፡ ቀርጠሳ፡ እንዘ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ አባ፡ ሪምስ፡ ወበይእቲ፡ ዕለት፡ አዕረፈ፡ ውእቱ፡ ነቢይ፡ ወበዓሉሰ፡ እምርት፡ አመ፡ ፳ወ፬፡ ለወርኅ፡ ግንቦት፡ በሰላመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አሜን።

check the viewerFols 20v and following Commemoration of Eleazar , the son of Aaron (3rd of Ḫǝdār) (CAe 6170)

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Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ):ወበይእቲ፡ ዕለት፡ ገድለ፡ አልዓዛር፡ ወልደ፡ አሮን፡ ወተረክበ፡ ነገሮ፡ በውስተ፡ ኦሪት፡ ስብሓት፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።

check the viewerFols 20v and following Discourse of Theophilus of Alexandria , on the blessed Virgin Mary (6h of Ḫǝdār) (CAe 2487)

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Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ):ንቀድም፡ በረድኤተ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ንጽሕፍ፡ ድርሳን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ወኅሩይ፡ ወብፁዕ፡ ቴዎፍሎስ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ዘዓባይ፡ ሀገር፡ እለ፡ ስክንድርያ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ተሀሉ፡ ምስሌነ፡ አሜን፡ ዘደረሰ፡ በእንተ፡ እግዝእትነ፡ ቅድስት፡ ንጽሕት፡ ድንግል፡ ማርያም፡ ወበእንተ፡ ቤት፡ ኀበ፡ ኀደረት፡ ምስለ፡ ፍቁር፡ ወልዳ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ በገዳመ፡ አድባረ፡ ቁስ።

check the viewerFols 49r and following The invention of the Holy Cross by the empress Helena (8th of Ḫǝdār) (CAe 6171)

Language of text:

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ):ነገረ፡ አስተርእዮቱ፡ መስቀሉ፡ ዓቢይ፡ ማሕየዊ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ወአምላክነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ አመ፡ ሰሙኑ፡ ለኅዳር፡ በመዋዕለ፡ ቈስጠንጢኖስ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ዓቢይ፡ መሀይመን፡ ኄር፡ ወወደየ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ውስተ፡ ልባ፡ ለእሙ፡ እሌኒ፡ ቅድስት፡ ሕሊና፡ ሰመያዌ፡ ከመ፡ ትኅሥሥ፡ ወታእምር፡ እፎ፡ ኮነ፡ ተሰግዎቱ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ወስቅለቱ፡ ወትንሣኤሁ፡

Imperfect.
check the viewerFols 51r and following First miracle

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ):ንቀድም፡ ንጽሐፍ፡ ኀይለ፡ ወተአምረ፡ ዘገብረ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ለሰማዕቱ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ጊዮርጊስ፡ እምድኅረ፡ ፈጸመ፡ ስምዖ፡ ወአምጽኡ፡ ሥጋሁ፡ ልዳ፡ ሀገሮ፡ ወሐነጹ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያኑ፡ ወወደዩ፡ ውስቴታ፡ ሥጋሁ፡ ወቀደስዋ፡ አመ፡ ፯፡ ለኅዳር፡ ወቀደሳ፡ አባ፡ ቴድሮስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ኤጲስ፡ ቆጶስ፡ ወውእቱ፡ ሰማዕተ፡ ኮነ፡ በዝንቱ፡ ኀይል፡ ወተአምር፡ ዘአርአየ፡ እግዚነ፡ (!) ለዝንቱ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ሰማዕት። ወዘንተ፡ ደረሰ፡ አመ፡ ተዝካሩ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ዘውእቱ፡ ፳ወ፫፡ ለወርኀ፡ ሚያዝያ፡ በኀበ፡ ተጋብኡ፡ ሕዝበ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ እምኵሉ፡ አድያም፡ ኀበ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ቅድስት፡ እንተ፡ ዐቢይ፡ ሰማዕት፡ ጊዮርጊስ፡ ዘድልው፡ ለጸጋ፡ ዘይገብር፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ለቅዱሳኒሁ፡ በሰላመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አሜን።

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Second miracle

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Third miracle

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Fourth miracle

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Fifth miracle

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Sixth miracle

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Seventh miracle

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Eighth miracle

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Ninth miracle

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Tenth miracle

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check the viewerFol. 74r

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ):ከመዝ፡ ጥንተ፡ ሕንጸቱ፡ ለቤተ፡ ክርስቲያኑ፡ ለጊዮርጊስ፡ በልዳ፡ ወታአምር፡ ዘአርአየ፡ በእንተ፡ ዐምደ፡ መበለት፡ ባርክ፡ እግዚኦ፡ አሜን።

Eleventh miracle

Language of text:

check the viewerFols 91v and following Homily of John Chrysostom on the four beasts (8th of Ḫǝdār) (CAe 1651)

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ):ድርሳን፡ ዘብፁዕ፡ ወቅዱስ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ዘቈስጠንጢንያ፡ በእንተ፡ ፬፡ እንስሳ፡ ዕበይት፡ መንፈሳዊያን፡ አመ፡ ሰሙኑ፡ ለኅዳር፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ በሰላመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አሜን።

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check the viewerFols 106r and following Treatise of Severus (of Ašmunayn) on the Council of the 318 Fathers (at Nicaea) (CAe 6174)

Language of text:

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ):ነገር፡ በእንተ፡ ማኅበር፡ ሠለስቱ፡ ምእት፡ ዐሠርቱ፡ ወሰመንቱ፡ ዘአባ፡ ሳዊሮስ፡ አመ፡ ፱፡ ለኅዳር፡ በጽሐ፡ መልእክትከ፡ እኁየ፡ መሀይምን፡ ወብፁዕ፡ ይዕቀብከ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ለቅኔሁ፡ ወይርድእከ፡ ለሥምረቱ፡ ወይመግብከ፡ በዓቂቦቱ፡ ተዝካር፡ አንብቦትከ፡ መጽሐፈ፡ ዘጽሐፎ፡ ስዒድ፡ ወልደ፡ ጰጥሪቅ፡ ወሰመዮ፡ መጽሐፈ፡ ሓሳብ፡ ወትካዙ፡ ዘውስተ፡ ልብከ፡ በእንተ፡ ዘነበበ፡ ዕረፍተ፡ ለሕግነ፡ ከመ፡ ዘይጌጊዩ፡ ወዘከመ፡ ይዌልጡ፡ ሃይማኖተ፡ ርትዕት። ወይወጥኑ፡ ካልአ፡ ሀይማኖተ። ወሰአልከኒ፡ ይዕቀብከ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በጸጋሁ፡ ሰአልከኒ፡ እግበር፡ መጽሓፈ፡ ዕቁም፡ ሓሳበ፡ ፍካሬ፡ ሀይማኖት፡ እንተ፡ ዜነዉ፡ አበው፡ ሐዋርያት፡ እስመ፡ እሙንቱ፡ አዕማደ፡ ሕግ፡ ወተፈነዉ፡ እም፡ ኀበ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በርትዕት፡ ሃይማኖት:

check the viewerFols 156r and following On the Archangel Michael (12th of Ḫǝdār), by the patriarch of Antioch (Severus) (CAe 1295 HomilyMaggabit)

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ):ድርሳን፡ አመ፡ ዓሡሩ፡ ወሰኑዩ፡ ለኅዳር፡ ዘደረሰ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ዘአንጾኪያ፡ በእንተ፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ሚካኤል፡ ወአፍቅሮቱ፡ ለሰብእ፡ ወተናገረ፡ በእንተ፡ ሰንበት፡ ቅድስት፡ እስመ፡ ኀበረ፡ በዓለ፡ ሚካኤል፡ በይእቲ፡ ዓመት፡ ምስለ፡ ዕለተ፡ ሰንበት፡ ወካዕበ፡ ተናገረ፡ በእንተ፡ ማቴዎስ፡ ነግድ፡ ወብእሲቱ፡ ወውሉዱ፡ ዘከመ፡ አምኑ፡ በእግዚአብሔር፡ በስእለተ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ እስመ፡ ይቤ፡ ዘንተ፡ ድርሳነ፡ አመ፡ ፲ወ፪፡ ለኅዳር፡ እንዘ፡ ጉቡኣን፡ ሕዝብ፡ በቤተ፡ ክርስቲያነ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ይግበሩ፡ በዓለ፡ በሰላመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አሜን

Language of text:

check the viewerFols 170r and following Martyrdom of Minas (15th of Ḫǝdār) (CAe 3165)

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ):አመ፡ ፲ወ፭፡ ለኅዳር፡ ስምዕ፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ወብፁዕ፡ ጽኑዕ፡ መስተጋድል፡ ሰማዕቱ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሚናስ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ተሀሉ፡ ምስሌነ፡ አሜን።

Explicit (Gǝʿǝz ):ወተአምሪሁ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ሚናስ፡ ተጽሐፈ፡ አመ፡ ፲ወ፭፡ ወአሜሃ፡ ይትነበብ።

Language of text:

check the viewerFols 179r and following S. Philip

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ):አመ፡ ፲ወ፰፡ ፊልጶስ፡ ሐዋርያ፡ ተንሥአ፡ እምነገረ፡ ሐዋርያት፡ ወታነብብ፡ አመ፡ ፲ወ፰፡ ለኅዳር፡ በሰላመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አሜን።

Language of text:

check the viewerFols 179r and following Discourse of Severus of Ašmunayn on the 24 elders (24th of Ḫǝdār) (CAe 6175)

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ):አመ፡ ፳ወ፬፡ ለኅዳር፡ ተግሣጽ፡ ለካሕናት፡ ዘደረሰ፡ አብ፡ ቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ሳዊሮስ፡ ኤጲስ፡ ቆጶስ፡ ዘሰሜኖን፡ ጸሓፊ፡ ግብጻዊ፡ አመ፡ ፳ወ፬፡ ለኅዳር፡ በሰላመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አሜን።

Language of text:

Jacob the Persian, who was cut in pieces (27th of Ḫǝdār) (CAe 6173)

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ):አመ፡ ፳ወ፯፡ ለኅዳር፡ ስምዕ፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ግሙድ፡ መስተጋድል፡ ያዕቆብ፡ ዘረከቦ፡ ዘተፈጸመ፡ ስምዑ፡ በምድረ፡ ፋርስ፡ በሀገር፡ እንተ፡ ስማ፡ በልቃ፡ በመንግሥተ፡ ፋርስ፡ በመዋዕለ፡ ሰርደ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ወውእቱሰ፡ ክርስቲያናዊ፡ ያአምን፡ በክርስቶስ፡ በሰላመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አሜን።

Language of text:

check the viewerFols 224r and following Martyrdom of Eustathius (CAe 1895)

Language of text:

Imperfect at the end.
check the viewerFols 228r and following Martyrdom of Eustathius, his wife and two children, under Marcianus (23rd of Maskaram) (CAe 1895)

Language of text:

Colophon

check the viewerFol. 241vb

Translation Gǝʿǝz : መልአ፡ መጽሐፈ፡ አንባእቆም፡ (!) sic by Denis Nosnitsin ነቢይ፡ ዐቢይ፡ አመ፡ ፲ወ፰ለጥቅምት፡ በ፬፻፸፸፯፡ ዓመተ፡ ምሕረት፡ (internal) በመዋዕለ፡ ያግባ፡ ጽዮን፡ ንጉሥ፡ መፍቀሬ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘተሠርዐ፡ በመዋዕሊሁ፡ ከመ፡ ይትአዘዝ፡ ሕዘበ፡ ኢትዮጲያ፡ (!) ከመ፡ ይትዓገሱ፡ በከመ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ በከ[መ፡(?)]supplied by Denis Nosnitsin […]ommission by

The colophon refers obviously to Content Item 1 Manifestation of the prophet Habakkuk at Qarṭasā (3rd of Ḫǝdār) (CAe 6168) , but it is located on the last page check the viewerfol. 241vb and should be valid for the entire manuscript. It is written in a hand slightly different from the main Hand h1 , but belonging to the same period. The date mentioned in the colophon is equivalent to 15 October 1292, the time of the king Yāgbā Ṣǝyon (cp. Bausi 2002).

Additions In this unit there are in total 2 , 1 .

  1. check the viewerFol. 2v (Type: OwnershipNote)

    The note states that the manuscript belongs to the church of Madḫāne ʿĀlam↗ .

    ( gez ) ገድለ፡ ጊዮርጊስ፡ ዘ ቅዱስ፡ መድኃኔ፡ ዓለም።↗

  2. check the viewerFol. 218v (Type: PurchaseNote)

    ( gez ) ለዝንቱ፡ መጽሐፍ፡ አጥረይክዎ፡ አነ፡ ጸጋ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ owner በ፫ሸማ፡ ወ፬አሞሌ፡ እምወለተ፡ አባ፡ ሐብለ፡ ሥላሴ፡ ዘአትሮንሰ፡ ማርያም↗ ፡፡ መድኅንየሂ፡ አርሳርዮስ፡ ዘአትሮንሰ፡ ማርያም፡፡ ወመሳክርትሂ፡ በዥርወንድ፡ ክፍለ፡ ጊዮርጊስ፤ ተስፋ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ጸሓፈ፡ ባስልዮስ፡ አውቂያየ፡ ወዓሌ፡ አዛዥ፡ ድምያኖስ፡ የማነ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ አቤቶ፡ እደ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዘዋረብ፡፡

  3. check the viewerFol. 218v (Type: OwnershipNote)

    A note by a later owner named ጊዮርጊስ owner .

Catalogue Bibliography

  • Wright, W. 1877. Catalogue of the Ethiopic Manuscripts in the British Museum Acquired since the Year 1847 (London: Gilbert and Rivington, 1877). page 162a-164a
    ZoteroOther citations

Secondary Bibliography

  • Bausi, A. 2002. La versione etiopica degli Acta Phileae nel Gadla samāʿtāt, Supplemento agli Annali, 60–61 (2000–2001), 92 (Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale, 2002). page 8-9, note 18
    ZoteroOther citations
  • Bausi, A. 2016. ‘I colofoni e le sottoscrizioni dei manoscritti etiopici’, in A. Sirinian, P. Buzi, and G. Shurgaia, eds, Colofoni armeni a confronto. Le sottoscrizioni dei manoscritti in ambito armeno e nelle altre tradizioni scrittorie del mondo mediterraneo. Atti del colloquio internazionale. Bologna, 12-13 ottobre 2012, Orientalia Christiana Analecta, 299 (Roma: Pontificio Istituto Orientale, 2016), 233–260.
    page 245-246
    ZoteroOther citations
  • Derillo, E. 2019. ‘Exhibiting the Maqdala Manuscripts: African Scribes: Manuscript Culture of Ethiopia’, African Research & Documentation, 135 (2019), 102–116.
    page 106
    ZoteroOther citations

Physical Description

Form of support

Parchment Codex

Extent

243 (leaf) .Entered as 243 14.375 9.25
Outer dimensions
Height 14.375in
Width 9.25in

Foliation

Foliation by the library in the upper right corner.

Quire Structure Collation

The quire structure is partly difficult to discern due to the tightness of the binding. The manuscript seems to be composed mostly of quaternions.

State of preservation

good

Condition

Binding

In the original boards.

Binding material

wood

Original binding

Yes

Layout

Layout note 1

Number of columns: 2

Number of lines: 22-26

Ruling
  • (Subtype: pattern)1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C
  • The upper line is written below the ruling, the lower line is written above the ruling.
Pricking
  • Pricking and ruling are mostly visible.
  • Primary pricks are visible, horizontal pricks are mostly visible. Upper primary pricks are situated comparatively close to the upper ruled line.

Palaeography

  • Hand 1

    Script: Ethiopic

    13th-century script

    Ink: Black; red

    Careful, irregular; by a well trained scribe. (formerly dated by W. Wright to the 15th century).

      • Publication Statement

      authority
      Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
      publisher
      Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
      pubPlace
      Hamburg
      availability
      This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.
      date
      type=expanded
      21.7.2022 at 11:18:05
      date
      type=lastModified
      12.7.2022
      idno
      type=collection
      manuscripts
      idno
      type=url
      https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/BLorient691/main
      idno
      type=URI
      https://betamasaheft.eu/BLorient691
      idno
      type=filename
      BLorient691.xml
      idno
      type=ID
      BLorient691
    info value
    Standard date ፲ወ፰ለጥቅምት፡ በ፬፻፸፸፯፡ ዓመተ፡ ምሕረት፡ (internal)
    Date in current calendar 447
    Calendar ethiopian
    Evidence internal

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    Suggested citation of this record

    Marcin Krawczuk, Solomon Gebreyes, Dorothea Reule, Denis Nosnitsin, ʻLondon, British Library, BL Oriental 691 (encoded from the catalogue)ʼ, in Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2022-07-12) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/BLorient691 [Accessed: 2024-11-25]

    To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

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    Revision history

    • Denis Nosnitsin Modified the note to the colophon, added literature. on 12.7.2022
    • Dorothea Reule Added layout on 15.6.2022
    • Dorothea Reule Added link to images on 26.11.2020
    • Marcin Krawczuk Completed description on 21.9.2020
    • Solomon Gebreyes Created catalogue entry on 8.4.2019
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    Attribution of the content

    Alessandro Bausi, general editor

    Marcin Krawczuk, editor

    Solomon Gebreyes, editor

    Dorothea Reule, contributor

    Denis Nosnitsin, contributor

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.