✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

You can run a simple search which will look in all text indexes. This is the simplest search that we can offer. Check the options below the input box if you want to change the default settings.

Note that you can click on and/or symbols under the search field for additional filters/facets and on to activate the virtual keyboard.

When the results appear you can use facets to narrow your selection. For that, first select the facet (Item type, Author of changes, Keywords, etc.) and then press "refine search results ". Here you can get a list of items given some parameters, like the entity type, without searching for a string. You can play with the filters to restrict the search and you can certainly combine these with a text search. If you know the identifier (ID) of an item (LIT1234name, MS123abc, PRS12345name, etc.) you can paste it here, and you will get it in the results. if you know only a part, eg. LIT20... it will give you all those which match. To reach a given item with its ID, you can also append that to the base URL of the website, https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1234name and you will be redirected to the correct landing page. If you have at hand the Clavis Aethiopica number of a Textual Unit, e.g. CAe 1234, you can enter it here and the search will point you to that record. We record (unsystematically) corresponding identifiers from other Claves, like CAVT or CANT, here you can select which one you want to look for and search for records pointing to that. We record for each repository information on settlement, region and country. By searching for the identifier of a place the query will look at related places and check for other repositories which may be associated. If you know how to write your XPath, and know the source TEI (available for each file, by appending .xml to the identifier of the record) you will be able to run that query against the db here. Not all possible paths are optimized. Parallel to the XML, also an RDF triple store is maintained by the project. Here you get an interface to the SPARQL endpoint. You can add your SPARQL query and see the results available.
In the search mask above, you can search for text, below there are options and you can add filters ( ). You can then use facets to narrow your selection.
But text is not all you can search for. In the top menu you can switch to other types of queries and searches which rely on different indexes and data formats. You can check this box to use 'smart' ranking, where a higher score is assigned to hits in placeName, persName, title or to records with text or an occupation element. This will make you wait a bit more. If running a text search, you can select the type of text search. This determines how the single words which you enter are matched in the indexes here By default the search will use OR as an operator, which means that if you search two words you will get hits which contain one OR the other. You may wish to use AND to get the matches which contain your first word AND your second word. If you want them in that particular order, consider using phrase mode from the search type. Click on this plus button to see a series of additional options for your search. If you wish to search for a given word in the hands descriptions and another word in the decorations, here you can do that, using fields. This may help you enter characters which are not immediately present on your keyboard. Keep a letter pressed for additional forms. Use Shift and Alt for alternative keyboards. Instead of the pointer you can use your own keyboard with these values when active. Homophones are mechanically replaced for you, so that for example, if you search for one of 'ሀ', 'ሐ', 'ኀ', 'ሃ', 'ሓ', 'ኃ' we will search for all of them. If you deselect this checkbox the list of homophones will not be considered and only the exact string you searched will be passed on. Homophones are not replaced for search strings longer than 10 characters and is not applied in all modes. If you entered a search string for a Gǝʿǝz string, either typing it in Fidal or in a transliteration format, we can try to convert it and search also the other form. If you entered ወልደ the search engine will look also for walda. If you entered walda also for ወልደ. This depends on the availability of the alternate form.

You can enter above your SPARQL query to the RDF representation of the data stored in Apache Jena Fuseki. Please use single quotes ' not double.

PREFIXes are already there (see below), so you can start with SELECT. If you prefer to use your prefixes, do so, no problem. A super tutorial on how to build SPARQL queries is here at Apache Jena.

Results do not have facets and are presented as they are requested in the query from the SPARQL response.



PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX lawd: <http://lawd.info/ontology/>
PREFIX oa: <http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#>
PREFIX ecrm: <http://erlangen-crm.org/current/>
PREFIX crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/>
PREFIX gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#>
PREFIX agrelon: <http://d-nb.info/standards/elementset/agrelon.owl#>
PREFIX rel: <http://purl.org/vocab/relationship/>
PREFIX dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
PREFIX bm: <https://betamasaheft.eu/>
PREFIX pelagios: <http://pelagios.github.io/vocab/terms#>
PREFIX syriaca: <http://syriaca.org/documentation/relations.html#>
PREFIX saws: <http://purl.org/saws/ontology#>
PREFIX snap: <http://data.snapdrgn.net/ontology/snap#>
PREFIX pleiades: <https://pleiades.stoa.org/>
PREFIX wd: <https://www.wikidata.org/>
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX t: <http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0>
PREFIX sdc: <https://w3id.org/sdc/ontology#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

You can also use the API to query the SPARQL endpoint, using https://betamasaheft.eu/api/SPARQL with the query in a parameter q. The results are SPARQL Query Results XML Format, as the one visualized below.

In the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines you can find the OWLDoc Documentation and a visualization thanks to webVOWL of the current ontology developed with Protégé.

Some examples of the data you are querying

Documentation on Linked Open Data can be found here.

Examples:
Search for female donors: "SELECT ?ms ?person WHERE { ?annotation a bm:donor ; oa:hasBody ?person ; oa:hasTarget ?ms . ?ms a bm:mss . ?person foaf:gender 'female' . } "
Manuscripts with a patron of the imperial family: "SELECT DISTINCT ?manuscript ?patron ?relation ?ruler WHERE{ ?annotation a bm:patron ; oa:hasTarget ?manuscript ; oa:hasBody ?patron . ?manuscript a bm:mss . ?patron snap:hasBond ?bondName . ?bondName rdf:type ?relation ; snap:bond-with ?ruler . ?ruler snap:occupation 'Emperor' . }"
Mountains mentioned in Liturgy manuscripts: "SELECT DISTINCT ?mountain ?manuscript WHERE { ?att oa:hasBody ?mountain ; oa:hasTarget ?manuscript . ?manuscript a bm:mss ; a bm:Liturgy . ?mountain a bm:place ; pleiades:hasFeatureType in <https://betamasaheft.eu/authority-files/mountain> . } LIMIT 50"

The results presented here are visualized with d3sparql

Enter above your XPath 3.0 query to the data. (You can alternatively use the old XPath search page here) Please, use t: namespace for TEI elements. The starting point of any Xpath should be $config:collection-root if you are searching the entire dataset.

NB: if you are a member of the BM GitHub organization and work with Oxygen you may run your XPath Queries directly in your Oxygen project; in this case start the string directly with //TEI.

You can also use, as a cached and short form to point to collections the following variables: $config:collection-rootMS for manuscripts; $config:collection-rootW for Textual Units $config:collection-rootPl for places; $config:collection-rootPr for persons; $config:collection-rootIn for repositories; $config:collection-rootA for authority files.

Examples:
Persons marked up in colophons: $config:collection-rootMS//t:colophon[t:persName]
Manuscripts with at least 26 additions: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[@xml:id='a26']
Manuscripts with a text marked up as Amharic: $config:collection-rootMS//t:TEI[descendant::t:textLang[@mainLang='am' or @otherLangs='am']]
Manuscripts with additions that contain something tagged Amharic: $config:collection-rootMS//t:TEI[not(contains(@xml:id, 'IHA'))]//t:additions[descendant::t:*[@xml:lang='am']]
Records with the title with the subtype inscriptio: $config:collection-root//t:title[contains(@subtype,'inscriptio')]
Manuscripts that have at least 31 quires: $config:collection-rootMS//t:collation/t:list[count(t:item) ge 31]
Manuscripts where a roleName appears: $config:collection-rootMS//t:roleName
Additons of the type OwnershipNote: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[t:desc[@type='OwnershipNote']]
Place records revised in 2022: $config:collection-rootPl//t:revisionDesc/t:change[contains(concat(' ', @when, ' '), '2022')]
Work records that contain "Senodos" inside title: $config:collection-rootW//t:titleStmt/t:title[contains(.,'Senodos')]
Works that contain the string "Senodos" somewhere: $config:collection-rootW//*[contains(.,'Senodos')]
Person record which have at least some attribute for birth and death (can be when, notBefore, notAfter) elements and occupation type ruler: $config:collection-rootPr//t:person[t:birth[@*]][t:death[@*]][t:occupation[@type='ruler']]
Manuscripts with miniatures in them: $config:collection-rootMS//t:decoDesc[t:decoNote[@type='miniature']]
Manuscripts with an addition element typed Ownership Note followed by another one with type Supplication: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[t:desc[@type='OwnershipNote']][following-sibling::t:item[t:desc[@type='Supplication']]]

Here you can differentiate your search by looking at the text of constructed strings from specific portions of the data. You can search for records which have a word occurring in the decoration and another in the content description, for example.















Resource type
manuscript6
textual unit10
General
Antonella Brita1
Ashlee Benson1
Denis Nosnitsin3
Dorothea Reule6
Eugenia Sokolinski9
Jonah Sandford1
Jonas Karlsson2
Massimo Villa4
Mersha Alehegne1
Nafisa Valieva1
Pietro Maria Liuzzo10
Ralph Lee1
Ran HaCohen2
Simone Seyboldt1
Solomon Gebreyes4
Taylor Eggan1
Vitagrazia Pisani2
Wendy Laura Belcher1
2024-10-041
2024-12-101
2023-04-051
2023-10-091
2022-06-161
2022-09-151
2021-05-271
2021-10-031
2020-01-221
2020-01-301
2020-02-061
2020-03-251
2020-04-171
2020-09-111
2020-11-191
2020-12-211
2019-04-021
2019-04-251
2019-07-232
2019-11-061
2019-11-131
2018-01-091
2018-01-181
2018-05-281
2018-08-021
2018-11-281
2017-01-181
2017-01-241
2017-02-091
2017-03-071
2017-03-301
2017-05-121
2017-05-161
2017-05-291
2017-06-031
2017-06-151
2017-07-101
2017-07-111
2017-07-181
2017-07-211
2017-08-082
2017-09-081
2017-11-221
2016-02-094
2016-03-214
2016-04-261
2016-05-031
2016-05-102
2016-06-081
2016-07-261
2016-09-011
2016-09-151
2016-12-081
2016-12-141
2015-01-141
2014-08-271
2014-09-071
2013-11-011
2010-04-201
2010-05-101
2010-12-171
The Trinity1
Gondarine4
Modern Period1
Postaksumite II3
Mawaddǝs1
Apocrypha2
Bible2
Chants1
Christian Literature11
Chronicles4
Chronography1
Hagiography1
History and Historiography4
Legal Document1
Medicine1
Miracle2
Monastic Literature1
Old Testament2
Poetry2
Prayers2
Qǝne1
Theology1
Translation1
Amharic1
English12
Gǝʿǝz 15
Latin 1
Manuscripts
The Holy Trinity1
leather1
parchment1
wood2
Aethiopici1
EMIP1
Ethio-SPaRe3
Fonds éthiopien1
Manuscrits orientaux1
Tweed Collection1
12
24
complete3
incomplete1
deficient1
good3
ʾAragāwi manfasāwi1
Dogmatic treatise1
Hymns to St Mary and to Ǝgziʾabǝḥer 1
Rules of Pachomius1
Sayfa Śǝllāse1
Sayings of Abba Bawmin and other monastic leaders1
Seven Miracles of the Trinity1
Story of the Matter of the Trinity1
Ya-ʿUrā Masqal dabdābbe, Land-charter of ʿUrā Masqal1
በስመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ሥሉስ፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ፍልጠት፡ ወ፩፡ በፅምረት፡ ኅቡረ፡ ህላዌ፡ ወዕሩየ፡ መለኮት፡ ዘአሐተ፡ ይሰገድ፡ እምኀበ፡ ሰብእ፡ ወመላእክት። ንጽሕፍ፡ እንከ፡ ዘንተ፡ መጽሐፈ፡ ዘይሰመይ፡ ኦርጋኖነ፡ ውዳሴ፡ ወመሰንቆ፡ መዝሙር፡ ወእዚራ፡ ስብሐት፡ ዘአስተብፅዖ፡ ድንግልናሃ፡ ወነጊረ፡ ዕበያ፡ ወአክብሮ፡ ስማ፡ ወሰብሖ፡ ቅድስናሃ፡ ወገንይ፡ ለንግሣ፡ ለቅድስት፡ ወቡርክት፡ ወንጽሕት፡ ማርያም፡ ዘበእብራይስጢ፡ ማሪሃም፡ ድንግል፡ ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ፤ እንተ፡ ይእቲ፡ ሐመረ፡ ወርቅ፡ እሞገደ፡ አስራብ፡ እንተ፡ ኢትሐወክ። 1
16992
17501
19001
19301
19991
16002
17001
18001
18501
19001
152
351
401
AsfahaGabraMaryam1
bāšāy Asfāhā Gabra Māryām1
bāšāy Asfāhā Gabra Māryām with baptismal name Gabra Libānos1
WalattaLibanos1
Walatta Libānos1
Codex6
1181
1201
1601
1751
2101
3501
no13
yes3
parchment5
012
22
31
51
015
21
010
12
41
62
71
010
15
21
013
161
61
71
016
010
101
11
181
21
231
911
11.01
1221
21
2781
441
78.01
ii + 611
no15
yes1
Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana1
Bibliothèque nationale de France1
Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs1
Howard University School of Divinity1
Kadiḥ Dabra Tawāḥǝdo Qǝddǝst Māryām1
ʿUrā Qirqos1
1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/1
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C. 1
Ruling pattern: 1A-1A/0-0/0-0/C.1
Walda Māryām (mentioned on fols. 19va, 42va).1
Walda Māryām1
Ethiopic6
only metadata7
some text present9
bindingMaterial5
Endbands2
frame1
miniature2
Other2
Asmat1
CalendaricNote2
DonationNote1
GuestText2
MagicText1
OwnershipNote1
findingAid2
StampExlibris1
1101
1251
1801
2651
851
951
13 161
162
192
261
Textual and Narrative Units
only metadata7
some text present9
Places and Repositories
Persons and Groups
16992
16002
ethnic4
n/a16
individual16

There are 16 entities matching your text query for "ለፌ" with the parameters shown at the right. (searched: ለፌ)

Search time: 0.452 seconds.
mode: nonesearchType: text
    title
    hits count
    first three keywords in context
    item-type specific options
    stubmanuscriptsESktm012TEI
    Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Kadiḥ Dabra Tawāḥǝdo Qǝddǝst Māryām, KTM-012
    1 in incipit
    Signatures
    KTM-012
    Short Description
    This parchment codex is composed of 78.0 leaves. It has 15 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 19th cent. (?). There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

    ...ስ፡ ውስተ፡ ጽርኃ፡ አርያም፡ ወሰረሩ፡ በውስተ፡ መናብርቲሆሙ፡ ለፌ፡ ወለፌ፡

    in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i1.5.2
    placespersonsrelations

    List of related persons

    No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

    stubmanuscriptsESum035TEI
    Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, ʿUrā Qirqos, UM-035
    35 in t:ab
    Signatures
    UM-035, C3-IV-83
    Short Description
    This parchment codex is composed of 11.0 leaves. It has 1 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1700-1750. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

    ... አዳዕሓ፡ ለፌ፡ ሰምዓቀ፡ በ፡ ገላባ፡ ...

    in element t:ab within a t:div, at 1

    ... ለፌ፡ ሰምዓቀ፡ በ፡ ገላባ፡ ለፌ፡ ወእም ማየ፡ በዐት፡ ለ...

    in element t:ab within a t:div, at 1

    ...፡ ለፌ፡ ወእም ማየ፡ በዐት፡ ለፌ። ወእ ምደብረ፡ ዕንጋጌ፡...

    in element t:ab within a t:div, at 1
    placespersonsrelations

    List of related persons

    No persons related to this manuscripts are known.

    stubworksLIT4275ChronAmdSTEI
    Chronicle of ʿAmda Ṣǝyon
    CAe 4275Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
    1 in ab
    Witnesses
      Abstract
      Account of campaigns of ʿAmda Ṣǝyon I against the Muslims of South-East Ethiopia. According to , originally it was not a real historical work, but a homily to read in the church, with a propagandist purpose.

      ...ሁ፡ በቅናተ፡ ጸብእ፡ ወወጽአ፡ እምኀይመቱ፡ እንዘ፡ ይትናጸይ፡ ለፌ፡ ወለፌ፡ ወተለዋሁ፡ ለንጉሥ፡ ...

      in element ab within a div, at 399
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      stubworksLIT4633ChronicleTEI
      Chronicle of Bakāffā
      CAe 4633Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
      1 in t:ab
      Author attributions

      ... ወርቅ፡ ሰቀላ፡ ዘዕውድት፡ ለፌ፡ በአዳራሽ፡ ወለፌ፡ በራስጌ፡ ቤት።3አሜሃ፡ ሰዐሮ1፡ ለበ...

      in element t:ab within a t:div, at 131
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        stubworksLIT3122GalawTEI
        Chronicle of Galāwdewos
        CAe 3122Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
        3 in t:ab
        Author attributions
        Witnesses
          Abstract

          ...ኖባ፡ ወሶባ፡20 ወኢትዮጵያ።21 ዝውእቱ፡ ህላዌሁ፡ እምአሐቲ፡ ለፌ።22

          in element t:ab within a t:div, at 130

          ምዕራፍ፡1 ፶ወ፮።2 ወእምካልእትሂ፡3 ለፌ፡ ኮነ፡ ህልወ፡ እንዘ፡ ይመክር፡a በዘ፡4 ይፅብኦሙ፡a5 ለ[ለ]ወንድ፡6 ...

          in element t:ab within a t:div, at 131

          ... ነጎጋወ፡ aፈራህ፡8 ዘያንጎጉ፡a9 በጕጕኦ፡10 ለፌ፡ ወለፌ።11

          in element t:ab within a t:div, at 263
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          stubworksLIT3951ChronSusenyosTEI
          Chronicle of Susǝnyos
          CAe 3951Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
          1 in t:ab

          ... ይትጌረም፡ ወይትመያየጥ፡ ለፌ፡ ወለፌ። ወሠራዊተ፡ ...

          in element t:ab within a t:div, at 25
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            stubworksLIT0022MMDZTEI
            Dabra Zamaddo's three adulterous priests who are revealed and defrocked
            CAe 0022Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
            Clavis (list of identifiable texts) ID
            PEMMThe Princeton Ethiopian, Eritrean, and Egyptian Miracles of Mary (PEMM) project 1028 [external link]
            1 in ab
            Witnesses
              Abstract
              There was a church in Ethiopia where three priests resided, all of whom were serial adulterers. Mary was aware of their sins, and she induced them to confess. On the day of Berhan, the people of the country gathered in the church for mass. While the priests were still in the beta lehem ("house of bread;" i.e., the building where the Eucharist is prepared), they decided that if the people were unable to name their deeds, then they would excommunicate them. The priests announced their ultimatum, and the people, who knew of the priests’ sins, responded by calling out their adultery. Upon hearing this answer, the priests refused to celebrate mass, and they buried the Eucharist in the ground. Astonished, the people brought the priests before the metropolitan, Abbuna Marqos, who immediately demoted the priests. He also severely chastised the people for allowing known sinners to perform the mass. After the people returned home to reconsecrate their church, a thunderbolt came down on the shrine, throwing the clergy to the ground and displacing the Eucharist. When the clergy found the Eucharist, they also discovered the Eucharist the sinful priests had buried. Mary put it into their mind to bring the buried Eucharist to the metropolitan, who broke it into three pieces, keeping two pieces and returning the third.

              ...ደገ። ወእንዘ፡ ይነብሩ፡ በዝንቱ፡ ግብር፡ ከመ፡ አረማዊ፡ ወበ ለፌ፡ ይትበሀሉ፡ ካህናት፡ ወቀዳስያን፡ ወሰብአ፡ ቤታኒ፡ ለእግ...

              in element ab within a text
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              stubworksLIT1367ExodusTEI
              Exodus
              CAe 1367Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
              3 in t:l
              Witnesses

                ወነጸረ ፡ ለፌ ፡ ወለፌ ፡ ወአልቦ ፡ ዘርእየ ፡ ወቀተሎ ፡ ለዝኩ ፡ ግብጻዊ ፡ ወደፈኖ ፡ ...

                in element t:l within a t:l, at 2

                ወትመጽእ ፡ ለፌ ፡ ኀበ ፡ አነ ፡ እቀውም ፡ ለፌ ፡ መንገለ ፡ ኰኵሕ ፡ ዘኮሬብ ፡ ወትዘብ...

                in element t:l within a t:l, at 17

                ... ወትመጽእ ፡ ለፌ ፡ ኀበ ፡ አነ ፡ እቀውም ፡ ለፌ ፡ መንገለ ፡ ኰኵሕ ፡ ዘኮሬብ ፡ ወትዘብጦ ፡ ለኰኵሕ ፡...

                in element t:l within a t:l, at 17
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                  stubmanuscriptsESmy015TEI
                  Gulo Maḵadā, Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs, MY-015
                  1 in incipit
                  Signatures
                  MY-015
                  Short Description
                  This parchment codex is composed of 44 leaves. It has 16 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Late 19th/first half of the 20th century.. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

                  ... መ ናብርቲሆሙ፡ ለፌ፡ ወለፌ፡

                  in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i2.6
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                  stubworksLIT2958RepCh239TEI
                  Hymn to St Victor
                  CAe 2958Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                  1 in t:l

                  ዘበኅበ፡ ለፌ፡ ተረክበ፡ ሐመረ፡ ኃይል፡ ኃዳፌ፨

                  in element t:l within a t:l, at malke
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                    stubworksLIT2699KingsTEI
                    Kings 1 = (Ethiopic) Book of Kings 3
                    CAe 2699Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                    2 in t:l
                    Witnesses

                      ... ወእምዝ ፡ እስከ ፡ ይትመየጡ ፡ ለፌ ፡ ወለፌ ፡ ጸልመ ፡ ሰማይ ፡ በደመና ፡ ወመጽአ ፡ ዐው...

                      in element t:l within a t:l, at 18

                      ... ወእምዝ ፡ እስከ ፡ እትመየጥ ፡ ለፌ ፡ ወከሐከ ፡ ኀጣእክዎ ፡ ወይቤሎ ፡ ንጉሠ ፡ እስራኤል ...

                      in element t:l within a t:l, at 20
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                      stubworksLIT1340EnochETEI
                      Maṣḥafa Henok
                      CAe 1340Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                      Clavis (list of identifiable texts) ID
                      CAVTClavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti 61 [check the Clavis Clavium]
                      1 in ab
                      Witnesses
                        Abstract
                        The Maṣḥafa Henok is a Jewish apocalypse preserved only in Gǝʿǝz. The original language of the work seems to have been Aramaic. There are fragments of a Greek version, which have been used by the Ethiopic translator as a Vorlage.

                        ... ፡ ወይትከበቡ ፡ ከመ ፡ አድባር ፡ ስብሓን ፡ ወይትሀወኩ ፡ ለፌ ፡ ወለፌ ። ወተስእልክዎ ፡ ...

                        in element ab within a div, at 5.108
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                          stubmanuscriptsBNFet97TEI
                          Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 97
                          1 in incipit
                          Signatures
                          BnF Éthiopien 97, Éth. 48
                          Short Description
                          This parchment codex is composed of 278 2 leaves. It has 9 main content units in 2 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: 1600-1699 (dating on palaeographic grounds) ? 1600-1699 (dating on palaeographic grounds) ?. There are The description does not include a collation of the quires.

                          ...ዊመ፡ ዕራቅየ፡ ቅድመ፡ ጕባኤ፡ መላእት፡ ወሰብእ፡ ወተመይጥኩ፡ ለፌ፡ ወለፌ፡ ...

                          in element incipit within a msItem, with id p1_i1.2
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                          stubworksLIT7089QeneSenaTEI
                          Sǝna ṣǝgeradā ʿālam ʾǝnta tǝtnaggafi wa-taḥallǝfi qǝṣbata ʾarʾayā ṣǝlālot wa-hǝlm (Qǝne possibly of the mawaddǝs-type)
                          CAe 7089Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
                          1 in l
                          Author attributions
                          Witnesses
                            Abstract
                            Qǝne without type indication in the manuscript. It has eight lines, meaning that it can be classified as a mawaddəs qəne according to . It is attributed to Gabra Ləʿul in the manuscript.

                            ለፌ፡ ቡራኬ፡ ወለፌ፡ መርገም፤

                            in element l within a l
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                            stubmanuscriptsBAVet84TEI
                            Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 84
                            1 in incipit
                            Signatures
                            Aeth. 84, Delorme 4
                            Short Description
                            This parchment codex is composed of 122 leaves. It has 87 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1600-1699. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

                            ... በኀበ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ለእመ፡ ኢነጸረ፡ ብእሲ፡ በአዕይንቲሁ፡ ለፌ፡ ወለፌ፨ አላ፡ ይነጽር፡ እንተ፡ ቅድሜሁ፡ ባሕቲቱ፡ ወኢይ...

                            in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i1.1.9
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                            stubmanuscriptsEMIP02088TEI
                            Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 139
                            1 in incipit
                            Signatures
                            Tweed Codex 139, EMIP 2088
                            Short Description
                            This parchment codex is composed of ii + 61 leaves. It has 2 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Twentieth century. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.

                            ... በግብረ፡ ‎‎እደዊከ፡ ተሴሰይ፡ ወመካንከ፡ አጽንዕ፡ ኢትበል፡ ለፌ፡ ወለፌ። ‎‎መነኮስ፡ ዘይፈልስ፡ እመካኑ፡ ይመስል፡ ከመ፡...

                            in element incipit within a msItem, with id ms_i1
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                            No persons related to this manuscripts are known.