✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
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✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
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The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
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The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
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This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
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London, British Library, BL Oriental 452

Dorothea Reule

This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the Catalogue Bibliography

Stub
https://betamasaheft.eu/BLorient452
British Library[view repository]

Collection: Oriental

Other identifiers: Wright cat. LXXXVII, Wright 87

Places IndexPersons IndexGeneralDescriptionPhysical Description
Main parts
CatalogueAuthors

General description

Taʾammǝra Māryām

Number of Text units: 2

Number of Codicological units: 2

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Origin

Before 1868

Provenance

Procured by Richard Holmes , a member of the British Napier expedition, on the way to Maqdalā↗ in 1868 from Sanʿāfe↗ , see (a1) of codicological unit 1 .

Secondary Bibliography

  • Wright, W. 1877. Catalogue of the Ethiopic Manuscripts in the British Museum Acquired since the Year 1847 (London: Gilbert and Rivington, 1877). page iii
    ZoteroOther citations

Catalogue Bibliography

  • Wright, W. 1877. Catalogue of the Ethiopic Manuscripts in the British Museum Acquired since the Year 1847 (London: Gilbert and Rivington, 1877). page 53ab
    ZoteroOther citations

Physical Description

Form of support

Parchment Codex

Extent

60 (leaf) , Entered as 60 One unnumbered blank leaf at the end. (leaf, blank) .Entered as One unnumbered blank leaf at the end. 7.63 6.75
Outer dimensions
Height 7.63in
Width 6.75in

Binding

In the original boards.

Binding material

wood

Original binding

Yes

Codicological Unit p1

Summary of codicological unit 1

  1. p1_i1 (check the viewerFols 5r and following ), Taʾammǝra Māryām

Contents

check the viewerFols 5r and following Taʾammǝra Māryām (CAe 3585)

Language of text:

(Incomplete at the end.) (This manuscript contains 26 miracles.)

Additions of codicological unit 1 In this unit there are in total 1 .

  1. check the viewerFol. 1v (Type: AcquisitionNote)

    ( en ) Obtained from the Church on the rock at Senafe↗ , 31st Jan. 1868. R. Holmes .

Extras of codicological unit 1

  1. The name of the first owner has been erased and that of […]ommission by ማርያም፡ has been substituted.

  2. check the viewerFols. 3r, 5r,

    The name of […]ommission by ማርያም፡ has been substituted with the names of Walda Kidān and his wife Walatta Hāymānot .

  3. check the viewerFol. 57v

    The names of Walda Kidān and Walatta Hāymānot 's children are mentioned.

  4. check the viewerFols. 2v, 7r

    The names of Marʾa Krǝstos and Kǝfla Māryām are mentioned.

  5. Other names also occur.

Physical Description of codicological unit 1

Form of support of codicological unit 1

Parchment Codex

Extent of codicological unit 1

Palaeography of codicological unit 1

  • Hand 1

    of codicological unit 1

    Script: Ethiopic

    Date: 1650-1699

    1650-1699 Written in a good hand.

    • Codicological Unit p2

    Summary of codicological unit 2

    Contents

    check the viewerFols 17–20 Hymn to Mary

    Language of text:

    (These leaves were originally the last leaves of another manuscript.)

    Additions of codicological unit 2 In this unit there are in total 1 .

    1. check the viewerFol. 19v (Type: DonationNote)

      The note states that the manuscript belonged by purchase to the priest Walda Kidān , the son of Fǝssǝḥa Ṣǝyon , and that he gave it, along with the Miracles of the blessed Virgin, to the church of Maṭarā↗ .

      ( gez ) ዛቲ፡ መጽሐፍ፡ ዘ አቡነ፡ role: title ቀሲስ፡ role: function ወልደ፡ ኪዳን፡ ወልዱ፡ ለፍስሐ፡ ጽዮን፡ ዘተሣየጣ፡ በወርቁ፡ ከመ፡ ትኵኖ፡ መድኃኒተ፡ ሥጋ፡ ወነፍስ፡ ምስለ፡ ብእሲቱ፡ ወደቋቁ፡ ምስለ፡ ተአምሪሃ፡ ዘወሀባ፡ ለመቅደሰ፡ ጻድቃን፡ ወደብልዋ፡ መጠራ። ዘሠረቃ፡ ወዘፈሐቃ፡ (…)ommission by William Wright

    Physical Description of codicological unit 2

    Form of support of codicological unit 2

    Parchment Codex

    Extent of codicological unit 2

    4 (leaf) : Entered as 4 check the viewerFols 17–20 4.25 4.13
    Outer dimensions of codicological unit 2
    Height 4.25in
    Width 4.13in

    Layout of codicological unit 2

    Layout note 1

    Number of lines: 10-13

      Publication Statement

      authority
      Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
      pubPlace
      Hamburg
      publisher
      Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
      availability

      This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.

      date
      2016-06-07T17:34:44.685+02:00
      date
      type=expanded
      2022-01-05T13:36:28.446+01:00
      date
      type=lastModified
      7.9.2018
      idno
      type=collection
      manuscripts
      idno
      type=url
      https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/BLorient452
      idno
      type=URI
      https://betamasaheft.eu/BLorient452
      idno
      type=filename
      BLorient452.xml
      idno
      type=ID
      BLorient452

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    Suggested citation of this record

    Dorothea Reule, ʻLondon, British Library, BL Oriental 452 (encoded from the catalogue)ʼ, in Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2018-09-07) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/BLorient452 [Accessed: 2024-12-18]

    To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

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    Revision history

    • Dorothea Reule Dorothea Reule: Created record on 7.9.2018
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    Attribution of the content

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.