Gulo Maḵadā, Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs, MY-011
Iosif Fridman (cataloguer), Denis Nosnitsin
This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the Catalogue Bibliography
General description
Maṣḥafa qǝddāse “Missal”
Number of Text units: 21
Number of Codicological units: 1
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Origin
1889-1913. The manuscript was copied during the reign of Mǝnilǝk II who is mentioned as the reigning king on check the viewerfols. 10vb, and check the viewerfol. , his contemporary metropolitan Ṗeṭros IV is mentioned on [link]. The name of the original commissioner seems to have been erased (e.g. 62rb not found in this file) or not inserted (87va not found in this file 87vb not found in this file 91va not found in this file 95va not found in this file 104vb not found in this file 110ra not found in this file).
Acquisition
The manuscript was possibly acquired by the community of Däbrä Maʿṣo↗ .
Summary
- ms_i1
(check the viewerFols 4ra–112ra ),
Maṣḥafa
qǝddāse
- ms_i1.1
(check the viewerFols 4ra–17va ),
Sacerdotal prayers
for the Divine Office
- ms_i1.1.1 (check the viewerFols 4ra–7rb ), Prayers of the Covenant
- ms_i1.1.2 (check the viewerFols 7rb–12ra ), Mastabqʷǝʿān
- ms_i1.1.3 (check the viewerFols 12ra–17va ), Za-yǝnaggǝś
- ms_i2 (check the viewerFols 17va–42rb ), Ordinary of the Mass
- ms_i3
(check the viewerFols 42rb–112ra ),
Fourteen anaphoras
- ms_i3.1 (check the viewerFols 42ra–51rb ), Anaphora of the Apostles
- ms_i3.2 (check the viewerFols 51rb–54ra ), Anaphora of Our Lord
- ms_i3.3 (check the viewerFols 54ra–62rb ), Anaphora of Our Lady by St Cyriacus of Behnesa
- ms_i3.4 (check the viewerFols 62rb–69ra ), Anaphora of St John, Son of Thunder
- ms_i3.5 (check the viewerFols 69rb–74vb ), Anaphora of the 318 Orthodox Fathers of Nicaea
- ms_i3.6 (check the viewerFols 74vb–81vb ), Anaphora of St Athanasius of Alexandria
- ms_i3.7 (check the viewerFols 81vb–87vb ), Anaphora of St Basil of Caesarea
- ms_i3.8 (check the viewerFols 87vb–91va ), Anaphora of St Gregory
- ms_i3.9 (check the viewerFols 91va–95va ), Anaphora of St Epiphanius of Cyprus
- ms_i3.10 (check the viewerFols 95va–98va ), Anaphora of St John Chrysostom
- ms_i3.11 (check the viewerFols 98va–103ra ), Anaphora of St Cyril of Alexandria
- ms_i3.12 (check the viewerFols 103ra–104vb ), Anaphora of St Dioscorus of Alexandria
- ms_i3.13 (check the viewerFols 104vb–109va ), Anaphora of St Jacob of Serug
- ms_i3.14 (check the viewerFols 109va–112ra ), The Second Anaphora of St Gregory
- ms_i1.1
(check the viewerFols 4ra–17va ),
Sacerdotal prayers
for the Divine Office
Contents
check the viewerFols 4ra–112ra Maṣḥafa qǝddāse (CAe 1960)
Language of text:
Musical notation above the lines of the main text, written in the main Hand 1 in black and red (not reproduced in the description below).
check the viewerFols 4ra–17va Sacerdotal prayers for the Divine Office (CAe 6553)
Language of text:
check the viewerFols 4ra–7rb Prayers of the Covenant (CAe 2260)
Language of text:
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFol. 4ra ቅዱስ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ቅዱስ፡ ኃያል፡ ቅዱስ፡ ሕያው፡ ዘኢይመውት፡ ዘተወልደ፡ እማርያም፡ እምቅድስት፡ ድንግል፡ ተሣሃለነ፡ እግዚኦ፤ ቅዱስ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ቅዱስ፡ ኃያል፡ ቅዱስ፡ ሕያል፡ ቅዱስ፡ ሕያው፡ ዘኢይመውት፡ ዘተጠምቀ፡ በዮርዳኖስ፡
(The portion corresponding to Dillmann 1866 (from ሕ"፡ ርቱዕ፡ ይደሉ። ካ"፡ አጽንዑ፡ to መንግሥት፡ ቡሩክ፡ አማን።) is missing (cp. Anon. 1969, designated ኪዳን፡ ዘነግህ). )check the viewerFols 7rb–12ra Mastabqʷǝʿān (CAe 4711)
Language of text:
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFol. 7rb መስተብቍዕ፡ ዘሌሊት፡ ናስተበቍዕ፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ይእኅዝ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አብ፡ ለእግዚእ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ እንዘ፡ ነአኵቶ፡
በኵሉ፡ ወበውስተ፡ ኵሉ፡ እስመ፡
check the viewerFols 12ra–17va Za-yǝnaggǝś (CAe 2605)
Language of text:
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFol. 12ra ጸሐፍነ፡ ዘይነግሥ፡ ወካዕበ፡ ናእኵቶ፡ ወንሴብሖ፡ ለእግዚአ፡ ኵሉ፡ አምላክነ፡ አኃዜ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዓለም፡ ዘይነግሥ፡ ለኵሉ፡ ዘኪያሁ፡
check the viewerFols 17va–42rb Ordinary of the Mass (CAe 1960 SerataQeddase)
Language of text:
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFols 17va–17vb በስመ፡ አብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ፩አምላክ፡ ሥርዓተ፡ ቅዳሴ፡ ዘይደሉ፡ ለአባዊነ፡ ሐዋርያት፡ ግብፃውያን፡ ዘይብሉ፡ ቀሲስ፡ ወ|ዲያቆናት፡ ወሕዝብ፡ ወኵሉ፡ ዘመፍትው፡ በበጊዜሁ፡ (…)ommission by Denis Nosnitsin መቅደመ፡ ኵሉ፡ ይጸሊ፡ ቀሲስ፡ ጸሎተ፡ ንሥሐ፡ ጊዜ፡ በዊዓቱ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ጸሎት፡ ላዕለ፡ ኵሉ፡ ንዋየ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ወዲበ፡ ታቦተ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ።
check the viewerFols 42rb–112ra Fourteen anaphoras (CAe 3189)
check the viewerFols 42ra–51rb Anaphora of the Apostles (CAe 1104)
Language of text:
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFol. 42ra አኰቴተ፡ ቍርባን፡ ዘአባዊነ፡ ሐዋርያት፡ ጸሎቶሙ፡ ወሀብተ፡ ረድኤቶሙ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ፍቁሮሙ፡. . . . .ommission by ለዓ፡ ዓ። ይካ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ምስለ፡ ኵልክሙ፡ ይሕ፡ ምስለ፡ መንፈስከ፡
check the viewerFols 51rb–54ra Anaphora of Our Lord (CAe 1100)
Language of text:
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFols 51rb–52vb ቅዳሴ፡ ዘእግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ በረከተ፡ የሃሉ፡ . . . . .ommission by ይዲተን፡ ይዲያ በሰማይ፡ የሃሉ፡ ልበክሙ፡ . . . . .ommission by Denis Nosnitsinነአኵተከ፡ አምላክ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ፈጻሜ፡ ነፍስነ፡ ወሀቤ፡ ሕይወትነ፡ ዘኢይማስን፡ መዝገብ፡
(Preceded by an excerpt from the Testamentum Domini (CAe 2461) (check the viewerfols 51ra–51va , cp. Anon. 1969).)check the viewerFols 54ra–62rb Anaphora of Our Lady by St Cyriacus of Behnesa (CAe 1099)
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Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFol. 54ra አኰቴተ፡ ቍርባን፡ ዘእግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም፡ ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ ዘደረሰ፡ አባ፡ ሕርያቆስ፡ ጳጳስ፡ ዘሀገረ፡ ብሕነሳ፡. . . . .ommission by Denis Nosnitsin ጐሥዓ፡ ልብየ፡ ቃለ፡ ሠናየ፡
check the viewerFols 62rb–69ra Anaphora of St John, Son of Thunder (CAe 1570)
Language of text:
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFol. 62rb አኰቴተ፡ ቍርባን፡ ዘዮሐንስ፡ ወልደ፡ ነጐድጓድ። ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ፍቁሩ፡ […]ommission by ለዓ፡ ዓለ፡ አሜን። ኀቤከ፡ እግዚኦ፡ አንቃዕደነ፡አእይተነ፡ (!) sic by Denis Nosnitsin
check the viewerFols 69rb–74vb Anaphora of the 318 Orthodox Fathers of Nicaea (CAe 1103)
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFol. 69rb አኰቴተ፡ ቍርባን፡ ዘ፫፻፲ወ፰፡ ርቱዓነ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ጸሎቶሙ፡ ጸሎቶሙ፡ (!) sic by Denis Nosnitsin ወበረከቶሙ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ፍቁሮሙ፡[…]ommission by ለዓ። ይዲተን፡ ይሕእግ፤ ተሣ፨ ይካሰላ፡ ለ፡ ይሕምስ፨ ይካግሩም፡ በውስተ፡ ደመናት፡
check the viewerFols 74vb–81vb Anaphora of St Athanasius of Alexandria (CAe 1162)
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFol. 74vb አኰቴተ፡ ቍርባን፡ ዘአቡነ፡ ቅዱስ፡ አትናቴዎስ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡. . . . .ommission by ይዲዮም፡ በዛቲ፡ ዕለት፡ እለ፡ ተጋባዕከሙ፡ ወስተ፡ ዛቲ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡
check the viewerFols 81vb–87vb Anaphora of St Basil of Caesarea (CAe 1098)
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFols 81vb–82ra አኰቴተ፡ ቍርባን፡ ዘባስልዮስ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ዘቂሳርያ።
. . . . .ommission by ይዲ፡ እግዚኦ፡ መሐረነ፡ እግዚኦ፡ መሐረነ፡ እግዚኦ፡ መሐ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ወልደ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ስምዓነ፡
check the viewerFols 87vb–91va Anaphora of St Gregory (CAe 2040)
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFol. 87vb አኰቴተ፡ ቍርባን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ጎርጎርዮስ፡ ጎርጎርዮስ፡ አኀወ፡ ባስልዮስ፡ ጸሎቱ . . . . .ommission by ይዲ፡ ህየንተ፡ ሰማይ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ አባዊነ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ወአባዊነ፡ ኤኢስ፡ ቆጶሳት፡ ወአባዊነ፡ ቀሳውስት፡
check the viewerFols 91va–95va Anaphora of St Epiphanius of Cyprus (CAe 2040)
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFol. 91va አኰቴተ፡ ቍርባን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ኤጲፋንዮስ፡ ዘደሴተ፡ ቆጵሮስ፡ ኤጲስ፡ ቆጶስ፡ በረከተ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ . . . . .ommission by ይካዓቢይ፡ ውእቱ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በዕበዩ፡ ቅዱስ፡ በቅዳሴሁ፡
check the viewerFols 95va–98va Anaphora of St John Chrysostom (CAe 3120)
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFol. 95va አኰቴተ፡ ቍርባን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ወብፁዕ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ አፈ፡ ወርቅ፡ ነባቤ፡ መለኮት፡ . . . . .ommission by ይዲህየ፡ በሰማይ፡ የሃሉ፡ ልብክሙ፡ አእምሩ፡ ኀበ፡ ዘትቀውሙ፡ ወስምዑ፡ ቃለ፡ ጽድቅ፡ ወአጽምኡ፡ ዜና፡ ሠናየ፨
check the viewerFols 98va–103ra Anaphora of St Cyril of Alexandria (CAe 1569)
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFols 98va–99vb አኰቴተ፡ ቍርባን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ቄርሎስ፡ ጸሎቱ፡. . . . .ommission by ኀቤከ፡ እግዚኦ፡ አም|ላከ፡ አማልክት፡ ወእግዚአ፡ አጋእዝት፡ አምላክ፡ ኅቡዕ፡ ህላዌሁ፡
check the viewerFols 103ra–104vb Anaphora of St Dioscorus of Alexandria (CAe 3180)
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFol. 103ra አኰቴተ፡ ቍርባን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ዲዮስቆሮስ፡ ጸሎቱ፡. . . . .ommission by ይካእምቅድመ፡ ዓለም፡ ወእስከ፡ ለዓለም፡ ሀሎ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በመንግሥቱ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በመለኮቱ፨
check the viewerFols 104vb–109va Anaphora of St Jacob of Serug (CAe 2404)
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFols 104vb–105ra አኰቴተ፡ ቍርባን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ያዕቆብ፡ ዘስሩግ፡ ኤጲስ፡ ቆጶስ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ . . . . .ommission by
ይዲተን፨ ይካሰላ፡ ወይፈጽም፡ ሥርዓት፨ ይካተንሥኡ፡ በፍርሃተ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ከመ፡ ታጽምዑ፡
check the viewerFols 109va–112ra The Second Anaphora of St Gregory (CAe 2038)
Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFol. 109va አኰቴተ፡ ቍርባን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ጎርጎርዮስ፡ ዘአርማንያ፡ ጸሎቱ፡. . . . .ommission by ይካነአኵተከ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ንሴብሐከ፡ ወንዌድሰከ፡ ቡሩከ፡ ስምከ፡ ወንባርከከ፡ ንሕነኒ።
Additions In this unit there are in total 1 , 1 .
-
check the viewerFol. 112ra (Type: PurchaseNote)
( gez ) ዝመጽሐ፨ፋ፡ ዘቅዱስ፨ ዮሐንስ፨ ዘደብር፡ ማእጾ፨↗ ዘተሳየጥዎ፨ በንዋዩ፨ በ፵ብር፨ እማኖች (!) sic by Denis Nosnitsin፨ ሐይሉ፨ አባቱ ሀኔታ ሐይሉ፨ ቄስ ወልደ፨ ታቴዎስ፡ ቄስ፡ ተክለ ጊወርጊስ መድሕኑ፨ መንገሻ፨ ዳይናዑ፨ አቶኪዳኑ፨ ዘሰረቃ፨ ወዘፋሐቋ፨ ውግዙ (!) sic by Denis Nosnitsin፨ ለይኩን። ለይኩን። በስልጣነ፡ ጴጥሮስ። ወጳውሎስ።
Text in English
(The note is very crudely written. The writer wrote with many mistakes, mishaping some Ethiopic letters. A few words betray the influence of Tigrigna. The last three words are written in red ink, possibly added later.)
Extras
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Writing exercises or pen trials.
, -
check the viewerFols. 62r, 69r, 74v, 81v, 87v, 91v, 95v, 99r, 103r, 104v, 109 (Type: findingAid)
Notes in the upper margin concerning the liturgical occasions on which the Anaphoras are to be celebrated, in red or bright-red ink, sometimes enclosed in red frames. Most of them are written in the main hand, in very small script (in part poorly readable), some in a different crude hand.
Decoration In this unit there are in total 1 .
Other Decorations
- drawing:
check the viewerFol. 74v
A small cross, in red ink, in the upper margin (the same as ).
Catalogue Bibliography
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MS Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs, Ethio-SPaRe
This manuscript has no restorations.
Physical Description
Form of support
Parchment Codex
Crudly prepared, with remains of hairs and holes on some folia.Extent
Outer dimensions | |
Height | 265mm |
Width | 210mm |
Depth | 60mm |
Foliation
Foliation by Ethio-SPaRE, in pencil, in the middle of the bottom margin.
Quire Structure Collation
Position | Number | Leaves | Quires | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | A | 3 | No image availableFols 1r–3v | 3, stub before 1 |
2 | 1 | 10 | No image availableFols 4r–13v | |
3 | 2 | 10 | No image availableFols 14r–23v | 2, stub after 8 9, stub after 1 |
4 | 3 | 9 | No image availableFols 24r–32v | 3, stub after 7 |
5 | 4 | 9 | No image availableFols 33r–41v | 2, stub after 8 |
6 | 5 | 9 | No image availableFols 42r–50v | 4, stub after 6 |
7 | 6 | 10 | No image availableFols 51r–60v | |
8 | 7 | 10 | No image availableFols 61r–70v | |
9 | 8 | 10 | No image availableFols 71r–80v | 3, stub after 7 8, stub after 2 |
10 | 9 | 10 | No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 81r–90v | |
11 | 10 | 10 | No image availableFols 91r–100v | 4, stub after 6 7, stub after 3 |
12 | 11 | 8 | No image availableFols 101r–108v | 3, stub after 5 6, stub after 2 |
13 | 12 | 5 | No image availableFols 109r–113v | 5, stub before 1 |
Collation diagrams
3, stub before 1
Quire ID:q1, number:A
Quire ID:q2, number:1
2, stub after 8 9, stub after 1
Quire ID:q3, number:2
3, stub after 7
Quire ID:q4, number:3
2, stub after 8
Quire ID:q5, number:4
4, stub after 6
Quire ID:q6, number:5
Quire ID:q7, number:6
Quire ID:q8, number:7
3, stub after 7 8, stub after 2
Quire ID:q9, number:8
Quire ID:q10, number:9
4, stub after 6 7, stub after 3
Quire ID:q11, number:10
3, stub after 5 6, stub after 2
Quire ID:q12, number:11
5, stub before 1
Quire ID:q13, number:12
Ethio-SPaRe formula : A(2+1/s.l. 3, stub before 1/No image availableFols 1r–3v) – I(10/No image availableFols 4r–13v) – II(8+2/s.l. 2, stub after 8; s.l. 9, stub after 1/No image availableFols 14r–23v) – III(8+1/s.l. 3, stub after 7/No image availableFols 24r–32v) – IV(8+1/s.l. 2, stub after 8/No image availableFols 33r–41v) – V(8+1/s.l. 4, stub after 6/No image availableFols 42r–50v) – VI(10/No image availableFols 51r–60v) – VII(10/No image availableFols 61r–70v) – VIII(8+2/s.l. 3, stub after 7; s.l. 8, stub after 2/No image availableFols 71r–80v) – IX(10/No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 81r–90v) – X(8+2/s.l. 4, stub after 6; s.l. 7, stub after 3/No image availableFols 91r–100v) – XI(6+2/s.l. 3, stub after 5; s.l. 6, stub after 2/No image availableFols 101r–108v) – XII(4+1/s.l. 5, stub before 1/No image availableFols 109r–113v) –
Formula: No image availableFols 1r–3v 3, stub before 1 ; No image availableFols 4r–13v ; No image availableFols 14r–23v 2, stub after 8 9, stub after 1 ; No image availableFols 24r–32v 3, stub after 7 ; No image availableFols 33r–41v 2, stub after 8 ; No image availableFols 42r–50v 4, stub after 6 ; No image availableFols 51r–60v ; No image availableFols 61r–70v ; No image availableFols 71r–80v 3, stub after 7 8, stub after 2 ; No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 81r–90v ; No image availableFols 91r–100v 4, stub after 6 7, stub after 3 ; No image availableFols 101r–108v 3, stub after 5 6, stub after 2; No image availableFols 109r–113v 5, stub before 1 ;
Formula 1: 1 (3), 2 (10), 3 (10), 4 (9), 5 (9), 6 (9), 7 (10), 8 (10), 9 (10), 10 (10), 11 (10), 12 (8), 13 (5),
Formula 2: 1 (3), 2 (10), 3 (10), 4 (9), 5 (9), 6 (9), 7 (10), 8 (10), 9 (10), 10 (10), 11 (10), 12 (8), 13 (5),
State of preservation
good
Condition
Some parts of the manuscript show traces of intensive use (the margins of the folia are filthy, stained with wax). The double leaf check the viewerfols 28–29 is reinforced with a parchment guard in the centre fold, in the area of sewing stations 1 and 2.
Binding
Ethiopian binding. Two wooden boards covered with dark brown blind tooled leather. Textile inlays. Overback made of and reddish-brown blind tooled leather, possibly or later time. Four sewing stations. Endbands intact.
Binding material
wood
leather
textile
Original binding
No
Layout
Layout note 1
Number of columns: 2
Number of lines: 24
H | 192mm |
W | 180mm |
Margins | |
top | 15 |
bottom | 36 |
right | 13 |
left | 7 |
intercolumn | 10 |
Ms Gulo Maḵadā, Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs, MY-011 main part
looks ok for measures computed width is: 200mm, object width is: 210mm, computed height is: 243mm and object height is: 265mm.Layout note 1
Ruling
- (Excerpt from check the viewerFols 1-3)
are partly ruled. On some folia the ruling is crudely done, this resulting in the slightly irregular (oblique) written area ((Excerpt from check the viewer15r, 19r, 22v, 23r, 26, 36, 102)
). The scribe transgressed the ruling on some folia. - (Subtype: pattern)1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C
- The upper line is written above the ruling.
- The bottom line is written above the ruling.
Pricking
- Pricking and ruling are mostly visible.
- Primary pricks are mostly visible (s. (Excerpt from check the viewer10r)
). - Text pricks are partly visible (s. (Excerpt from check the viewer32r)
). - Structural pricks are partly visible (s. (Excerpt from check the viewer49v-50r)
).
Palaeography
Hand 1
Script: Ethiopic
Mid-nineteenth-/twentieth-century bulky script
Ink: Black, red
Rubrication: In Hand 1. Divine names; incipits of the constituent texts; directives for the ministers; name of the ruling king; some of the musical notation signs above the lines; most of the abbreviations; elements of the punctuation signs and numerals. The text on incipit page check the viewerfols. 4r, is written alternately in red and black lines. Indications concerning liturgical occasions on which respective Anaphoras are to be celebrated within the main text are written alternately in black and red letters (e.g., check the viewerfols. 62rb, ,check the viewerfol. 74vb ).
Date: 1850-1913
1850-1913 Careful, somewhat irregular; by a mediocre scribe. Broad, upright script. Parallel downstrokes, horizontal tops. Mostly rounded letter shapes. Thick downstrokes, very thin horizontal strokes. The markers of the 5th order are open, not well distinguishable from the 3rd order. Letters ወ, መ, ሠ, ጠ, ሐ are very broadly shaped, optically dominating. Serifs are mostly rectangular or wedged, well visible, inaccurately shaped. Conspicuous hairlines on many letters. Musical notation written in the same Hand 1.Abbreviations
Select one of the keywords listed from the record to see related data
Use the tag BetMas:ESmy011 in your public hypothes.is annotations which refer to this entity.