Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

Do you want to notify us of an error, please do so by writing an issue in our GitHub repository (click the envelope for a precomiled one).
On small screens, will show a navigation bar on the leftOpen Item Navigation
Edit Not sure how to do this? Have a look at the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines!
Hide pointersClick here to hide or show again the little arrows and small left pointing hands in this page.
Hide relatedClick here to hide or show again the right side of the content area, where related items and keywords are shown.
EntryMain Entry
TEI/XMLDownload an enriched TEI file with explicit URIs bibliography from Zotero API.
SyntaxeSee graphs of the information available. If the manuscript contains relevant information, then you will see visualizations based on La Syntaxe du Codex, by Andrist, Canart and Maniaci.
RelationsFurther visualization of relational information
TranscriptionTranscription (as available). Do you have a transcription you want to contribute? Contact us or click on EDIT and submit your contribution.

Egypt, Dayr as-Suryān, DS Ethiop. 5

Dorothea Reule, Denis Nosnitsin

Newly catalogued in Beta maṣāḥǝft

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/DSEthiop5
Dayr as-Suryān[view repository]

Collection: Ethiopic

Other identifiers: مسلسل ٧١٥, Serial Number 715, ٦١٨ ح طقوس , Liturgy 618 ,

General description

Canticle of the Flower, Lament on the Virginنشيد الزهرة، رثاء على العذراء

Number of Text units: 2

Number of Codicological units: 1

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Origin

أواخر التاسع عشر / منتصف القرن العشرين The manuscript can be palaeographically dated to the late nineteenth/mid-twentieth century (dating on palaeographic grounds) .

Provenance

The owner of the manuscript was Gabra Mikāʾel from the monastery of ʾƎndā ʾAbbonā (Dabra Ṭǝllul, Dabra ʾAbuna ʾAbrānyos) in Eritrea (cp. Additional note 1).

Summary

  1. ms_i1 (check the viewerFols 1r–67r ), Māḫleta ṣǝge
  2. ms_i2 (check the viewerFols 67r–91v ), Saqoqāwa dǝngǝl

Contents


check the viewerFols 1r–67r Māḫleta ṣǝge (CAe 1834)

Language of text:

(The first word of each stanza is rubricated, the stanzas are not numbered with the exception of stanza 51 which is numbered 50. The text ends with stanza 157, which is not attested in all manuscripts.)

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFols 1r–2r ጽጌ፡ አስተርአየ፡ ሠሪፆ፡ እምአጽሙ፨ ለዘአምሐኪ፡ ጽጌ፡ ለገብርኤል፡ ምስለ፡ ሰላሙ ወበእንተዝ፡ ማርያም፡ ሶበ፡ ሐወዘኒ፡ መዓዛ፡ ጣዕሙ፨ ለተአምርኪ፡ አሐሊ፡ እሙ ማኅሌተ፡ ጽጌ፡ ዘይሰመይ፡ ስሙ ሰላምኪ፡


ማርያም፡ አብቁለት፡ ዕፀ፡ ትእምርት ወአውጽአት፡ ጽጌ፡ በአፈ፡ ምውት መሐርኪያ፡ ፍቅረ፡ ዚአኪ፡ ለአሐቲ፡ ብእሲት እንዘ፡ ትብሊ፡ ኢትጐጕዒ፡ ለአንብቦ፡ ዛቲ፡ ጸሎት ትኤድመኒ፡ ሊተ፡ እምኵሉ፡ ስብሐት አሐዱ፡ ብእሲ፡ ገዳመ፡ ዘወረፈ ጊዜ፡ አ

ንበበ፡ ሰላምኪ፡ በከመ፡ ይለምድ፡ ወትረ

Explicit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFols 66r–67r ስብሐት፡ ለኪ፡ ማርያም፡ ምስለ፡ ስብሐት፡ ጽጌኪ፡ ዘአስተ


ሳለም ወዘአውጠነኒ፡ ንስቲተ፡ ለውዳሴ፡ ተአምርኪ፡ ጣዕም ድንግል፡ በኤ፡ መዓዛ፡ ቀናኒሞስ፡ ወአበም ግናይ፡ ለዕበይኪ፡ ፈጸምኩ፡ ፈጽሞ አዕርጊ፡ መንገሌኪ፡ ለጽጌኪ፡ አርያም ስብሐት፡ ለአብ፡ ወለወልድ፡ አእኵቶ ወለመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ሰላም፡ ዘአክሃለኒ፡ ፈጽሞቶ ለተአምርኪ፡

ርያም፡ ለለጊዜ፡ ወጠንኩ፡ አንብቦቶ ለእገርየ፡ ሠርሒ፡ ፍኖቶ ወለሕሊናየ፡ ፈጽሚ፡ ተምኔቶ ኦእግዝእትየ፡ ዕቀብኒ፡ እመከራ፡ ሥጋ፡ ወነፍስ፡ ለኃጥእ፡ ገብርኪ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን


check the viewerFols 67r–91v Saqoqāwa dǝngǝl (CAe 2285)

Language of text:

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFols 67r–68r በከመ፡ ትቤ፡ በወንጌል፡ ኀለዉ፡ ፪ቱ፡ ወ፫ቱ፡ ጉቡዓን፡ በስምየ እሄሉ፡ ነዋ፡ ማዕ


ከሌሆሙ፡ ነየ በእንተ፡ ንግደትከ፡ ደብረ፡ ቍስቋም፡ አስተፋጥን፡ ነዓ፡ ተምኔትየ ደብረ፡ ቍስቋም፡ ዘቦእኮ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ አቡየ በስመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ሥሉስ፡ ሕፀተ፡ ግጻዌ፡ ዘአልቦ ሰቆቃወ፡ ድንግል፡ እጽሕፍ፡ በቀለመ፡ አንብዕ፡ ወአንጠብጥቦ ወይሌ፡ ወላህ፡ ለይበል፡ ለዘአንበቦ ከማሃ፡ ኃዘን፡

ወተሰዶ፡ ሶበ፡ በኵለሄ፡ ረከቦ ርእዮ፡ ለይብኪ፡ ዓይነ፡ ልብ፡ ዘቦ

Explicit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFol. 91r ረስይኒ፡ ወትረ፡ ማርያም፡ ውስተ፡ አፉኪ፡ ዝኩረ በሕሊናኪ፡ ወበልብኪ፡ ኅዱረ እስመ፡ ዘንበሌኪ፡ ባዕድ፡ ኃጣዕኩ፡ ማዕምረ ስብሐት፡ ለኪ፡ ማርያም፡ በስ


ብሐተ፡ አብ፡ ፈናዊ ስብሐት፡ ለኪ፡ ማርያም፡ በስብሐተ፡ ወልድ፡ ተፈናዊ፨ ስብሐት፡ ለኪ፡ ማርያም፡ በስብሐተ፡ መንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ማኅያዊ ቃለ፡ ስእለትየ፡ ኵሎ፡ በአዕዛነ፡ መንፈስ፡ ጽልዊ ወዲበ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ጸሎት፡ ሰላመ፡ ከዓዊ፨ ፨

Supplication (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewerFols 91r–91v ኦእግዝእትየ፡ ዕቀብኒ፡ ልብገርኪ፡

Additions In this unit there are in total 1 .

  1. check the viewerFols 91r–91v (Type: OwnershipNote)

    Ownership note stating that the manuscript belongs to Gabra Mikāʾel from the monastery ʾƎndā ʾAbbonā in Ḥamāsen , Eritrea (the same secondary hand added the name Gabra Mikāʾel to the concluding supplication of the main text).

    ( gez ) አቡነ፡ role: title ገብረ፡ ሚካ


    ኤል፡
    ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን ዝመጽሐፍ፡ ዘ አባ፡ role: title ገብረ፡ ሚካኤል፡ owner እንዳቦና፡ ሐመሴን ፨ ፨ ፨ ፨

Extras

  1. check the viewerFols. ir, iir, 1r, 8v, 9r, 26v, 27r, 66v, 67r, 85v, 88v, 91v, 92v

    Stamp of Dayr as-Suryān .

    Text in Arabic

  2. check the viewerFol. ir

    Arabic shelfmark.

    ( ar ) مسلسل ٧١٥

  3. check the viewerFol. ir

    Arabic title.

    ( ar ) صلوات عن العذراء

  4. check the viewerFol. ir

    Arabic shelfmark.

    ( ar ) ٦١٨ ح طقوس

  5. check the viewerFol. 67r

    Space left for the name of the owner has been left blank.

  6. check the viewerFols. 10r, 21v, 25v, 26r, 27v, 32r, 40r, 50r, 56v, 71v, 72r, 80v, 89v, 90r

    Mistakes have been scratched out and overwritten with three red lines throughout the manuscript.

  7. check the viewerFols. 19r, 29v, 30v, 36r, 41r, 41v

    Mistakes have been scratched out.

  8. check the viewerFol. 56v

    The correction for the erased words has been written in the upper margin, marked with black and red lines.

  9. check the viewerFols. 41r, 53v, 72r, 84v, 89r, 90v

    Single words omitted by the scribe have been added above the line, occasionally above an erasure of a mistaken word (check the viewerfols. 84, 89 .

Decoration In this unit there are in total 1 .

Other Decorations

  1. drawing: check the viewerFols. 11v, 22r, 31r, 53v, 61v

    A cross is drawn with pencil on the pages where stanzas 27, 51, 72, 125, 126 and 145 of Text I (‘Canticle of the Flower’) begin.

Physical Description

Form of support

Parchment Codex

Parchment repairs on check the viewerfols. 23, and check the viewer26, . A hole in the parchment on check the viewer46 .

Extent

١-٤ + ٩٢ ورقة (leaf) , Entered as ١-٤ + ٩٢ ورقة أ + ١١ ملزمة (quire) , Entered as أ + ١١ ملزمة +NaN (leaf) , Entered as i-iv+92 +NaN (quire) , Entered as A+11 5 (leaf, blank) : Entered as 5 check the viewerFols. i, ii, iii, iv, 92 125 90 45 ١٢٥ ٩٠ ٤٥
Outer dimensions
Height 125mm
Width 90mm
Depth 45mm
Outer dimensions
Height ١٢٥mm
Width ٩٠mm
Depth 45mm

Quire Structure Collation

Position Number Leaves Quires Description
1 A 4 No image availableFols ir–ivv
2 1 8 No image availableFols 1r–8v
3 2 8 No image availableFols 9r–16v
4 3 8 No image availableFols 17r–24v 3, stub after 6 6, stub after 3
5 4 10 No image availableFols 25r–34v
6 5 8 No image availableFols 35r–42v 3, stub after 5 6, stub after 2
7 6 8 No image availableFols 43r–50v
8 7 8 No image availableFols 51r–58v
9 8 8 No image availableFols 59r–66v
10 9 8 No image availableFols 67r–74v 3, stub after 5 6, stub after 2
11 10 8 No image availableFols 75r–82v
12 11 10 No image availableFols 83r–92v 3, stub after 8 8, stub after 3

Collation diagrams



Quire ID:q1, number:A
Collation diagram Quire 1 1 4 Unit #1 Unit #2


Quire ID:q2, number:1
Collation diagram Quire 2 5 12 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4


Quire ID:q3, number:2
Collation diagram Quire 3 13 20 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

3, stub after 6 6, stub after 3
Quire ID:q4, number:3
Collation diagram Quire 4 21 28 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5


Quire ID:q5, number:4
Collation diagram Quire 5 29 38 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

3, stub after 5 6, stub after 2
Quire ID:q6, number:5
Collation diagram Quire 6 39 46 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5


Quire ID:q7, number:6
Collation diagram Quire 7 47 54 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4


Quire ID:q8, number:7
Collation diagram Quire 8 55 62 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4


Quire ID:q9, number:8
Collation diagram Quire 9 63 70 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

3, stub after 5 6, stub after 2
Quire ID:q10, number:9
Collation diagram Quire 10 71 78 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5


Quire ID:q11, number:10
Collation diagram Quire 11 79 86 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

3, stub after 8 8, stub after 3
Quire ID:q12, number:11
Collation diagram Quire 12 87 96 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5 Unit #6

Ethio-SPaRe formula : A(4/No image availableFols ir–ivv) – I(8/No image availableFols 1r–8v) – II(8/No image availableFols 9r–16v) – III(6+2/s.l. 3, stub after 6; s.l. 6, stub after 3/No image availableFols 17r–24v) – IV(10/No image availableFols 25r–34v) – V(6+2/s.l. 3, stub after 5; s.l. 6, stub after 2/No image availableFols 35r–42v) – VI(8/No image availableFols 43r–50v) – VII(8/No image availableFols 51r–58v) – VIII(8/No image availableFols 59r–66v) – IX(6+2/s.l. 3, stub after 5; s.l. 6, stub after 2/No image availableFols 67r–74v) – X(8/No image availableFols 75r–82v) – XI(8+2/s.l. 3, stub after 8; s.l. 8, stub after 3/No image availableFols 83r–92v) –

Formula: No image availableFols ir–ivv ; No image availableFols 1r–8v ; No image availableFols 9r–16v ; No image availableFols 17r–24v 3, stub after 6 6, stub after 3 ; No image availableFols 25r–34v ; No image availableFols 35r–42v 3, stub after 5 6, stub after 2 ; No image availableFols 43r–50v ; No image availableFols 51r–58v ; No image availableFols 59r–66v ; No image availableFols 67r–74v 3, stub after 5 6, stub after 2 ; No image availableFols 75r–82v ; No image availableFols 83r–92v 3, stub after 8 8, stub after 3 ;

Formula 1: 1 (4), 2 (8), 3 (8), 4 (8), 5 (10), 6 (8), 7 (8), 8 (8), 9 (8), 10 (8), 11 (8), 12 (10),

Formula 2: 1 (4), 2 (8), 3 (8), 4 (8), 5 (10), 6 (8), 7 (8), 8 (8), 9 (8), 10 (8), 11 (8), 12 (10),

State of preservation

good

Condition

The manuscript is in good condition, it shows some traces of use. Especially the lower outer corners of the folia are often dirty (check the viewerfolss. 1r, 90r, ). There are stains in the upper outer part of several leaves (check the viewer90v, 91r, 92v ).

Binding

Ethiopian. Two wooden boards covered with reddish brown blind-tooled leather. Blind-tooled mitred turn-ins, textile inlays. Leather patches covering the lacing holes. Two pairs of sewing stations. The endbands intact.

Sewing Stations

4

Binding material

leather

wood

textile

Layout

Layout note 1(check the viewerFols 1r–91v )

Number of columns: 1

Number of lines: 11

H 82mm
W 66mm
Margins
top 9mm
bottom 25mm
right 11mm
left 8mm
(Data on text area and margin dimensions taken from check the viewerfol. 63r .)

Ms Egypt, Dayr as-Suryān, DS Ethiop. 5 main part

looks ok for measures computed width is: 85mm, object width is: 90mm, computed height is: 116mm and object height is: 125mm.
Ruling

Palaeography

  • Hand 1

    Script: Ethiopic

    Late nineteenth-/mid-twentieth-century script.

    Ink: Black, red.

    Rubrication: Elements of punctuation signs (red x surrounded by dashes on the top and the bottom (check the viewerfol. 1r ), ), numerals and elements of numerals, holy names (ማርያም, ድንግል፡, ጽዮን፡, ሥሉስ፡, ሥላሴ, names of angels and saints) the first word of each stanza, the first verse of Māḫleta ṣǝge, Stanza 51, which is numbered with ፶, ሚካኤል in the name of the owner Gabra Mikāʾel in the final supplication.

    Date: 1880-1950

    1880-1950 Careful but not very regular; by a mediocre scribe.
    • Publication Statement

      authority
      Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
      publisher
      Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
      pubPlace
      Hamburg
      availability
      This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.
      date
      type=expanded
      2022-01-05T13:36:28.446+01:00
      date
      type=lastModified
      15.12.2020
      idno
      type=collection
      manuscripts
      idno
      type=url
      https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/DSEthiop5
      idno
      type=URI
      https://betamasaheft.eu/DSEthiop5
      idno
      type=filename
      DSEthiop5.xml
      idno
      type=ID
      DSEthiop5

    Select one of the keywords listed from the record to see related data

    No keyword selected.
    This page contains RDFa. RDF+XML graph of this resource. Alternate representations available via VoID.
    Hypothes.is public annotations pointing here

    Use the tag BetMas:DSEthiop5 in your public hypothes.is annotations which refer to this entity.

    CLOSE

    Suggested citation of this record

    Dorothea Reule, Denis Nosnitsin, ʻEgypt, Dayr as-Suryān, DS Ethiop. 5ʼ, in Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2020-12-15) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/DSEthiop5 [Accessed: 2024-12-19]

    To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

    CLOSE

    Revision history

    • Dorothea Reule Dorothea Reule: Continued description and revision on 15.12.2020
    • Denis Nosnitsin Denis Nosnitsin: Continued description and revision on 15.12.2020
    • Dorothea Reule Dorothea Reule: Continued description. on 13.4.2020
    • Dorothea Reule Dorothea Reule: Updated description upon consultation of the manuscript. on 6.2.2019
    • Dorothea Reule Dorothea Reule: Created catalogue entry on 1.3.2018
    • Denis Nosnitsin Denis Nosnitsin: Recorded manuscript on 26.2.2018
    CLOSE

    Attribution of the content

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.