Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

You can run a simple search which will look in all text indexes. This is the simplest search that we can offer. Check the options below the input box if you want to change the default settings.

Note that you can click on and/or symbols under the search field for additional filters/facets and on to activate the virtual keyboard.

When the results appear you can use facets to narrow your selection. For that, first select the facet (Item type, Author of changes, Keywords, etc.) and then press "refine search results ".
Here you can get a list of items given some parameters, like the entity type, without searching for a string. You can play with the filters to restrict the search and you can certainly combine these with a text search. If you know the identifier (ID) of an item (LIT1234name, MS123abc, PRS12345name, etc.) you can paste it here, and you will get it in the results. if you know only a part, eg. LIT20... it will give you all those which match. To reach a given item with its ID, you can also append that to the base URL of the website, https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1234name and you will be redirected to the correct landing page. If you have at hand the Clavis Aethiopica number of a Textual Unit, e.g. CAe 1234, you can enter it here and the search will point you to that record. We record (unsystematically) corresponding identifiers from other Claves, like CAVT or CANT, here you can select which one you want to look for and search for records pointing to that. We record for each repository information on settlement, region and country. By searching for the identifier of a place the query will look at related places and check for other repositories which may be associated. If you know how to write your XPath, and know the source TEI (available for each file, by appending .xml to the identifier of the record) you will be able to run that query against the db here. Not all possible paths are optimized. Parallel to the XML, also an RDF triple store is maintained by the project. Here you get an interface to the SPARQL endpoint. You can add your SPARQL query and see the results available.
In the search mask above, you can search for text, below there are options and you can add filters ( ). You can then use facets to narrow your selection.
But text is not all you can search for. In the top menu you can switch to other types of queries and searches which rely on different indexes and data formats.
You can check this box to use 'smart' ranking, where a higher score is assigned to hits in placeName, persName, title or to records with text or an occupation element. This will make you wait a bit more. If running a text search, you can select the type of text search. This determines how the single words which you enter are matched in the indexes here By default the search will use OR as an operator, which means that if you search two words you will get hits which contain one OR the other. You may wish to use AND to get the matches which contain your first word AND your second word. If you want them in that particular order, consider using phrase mode from the search type. Click on this plus button to see a series of additional options for your search. If you wish to search for a given word in the hands descriptions and another word in the decorations, here you can do that, using fields. This may help you enter characters which are not immediately present on your keyboard. Keep a letter pressed for additional forms. Use Shift and Alt for alternative keyboards. Instead of the pointer you can use your own keyboard with these values when active. Homophones are mechanically replaced for you, so that for example, if you search for one of 'ሀ', 'ሐ', 'ኀ', 'ሃ', 'ሓ', 'ኃ' we will search for all of them. If you deselect this checkbox the list of homophones will not be considered and only the exact string you searched will be passed on. Homophones are not replaced for search strings longer than 10 characters and is not applied in all modes. If you entered a search string for a Gǝʿǝz string, either typing it in Fidal or in a transliteration format, we can try to convert it and search also the other form. If you entered ወልደ the search engine will look also for walda. If you entered walda also for ወልደ. This depends on the availability of the alternate form.

You can enter above your SPARQL query to the RDF representation of the data stored in Apache Jena Fuseki. Please use single quotes ' not double.

PREFIXes are already there (see below), so you can start with SELECT. If you prefer to use your prefixes, do so, no problem. A super tutorial on how to build SPARQL queries is here at Apache Jena.

Results do not have facets and are presented as they are requested in the query from the SPARQL response.



PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX lawd: <http://lawd.info/ontology/>
PREFIX oa: <http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#>
PREFIX ecrm: <http://erlangen-crm.org/current/>
PREFIX crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/>
PREFIX gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#>
PREFIX agrelon: <http://d-nb.info/standards/elementset/agrelon.owl#>
PREFIX rel: <http://purl.org/vocab/relationship/>
PREFIX dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
PREFIX bm: <https://betamasaheft.eu/>
PREFIX pelagios: <http://pelagios.github.io/vocab/terms#>
PREFIX syriaca: <http://syriaca.org/documentation/relations.html#>
PREFIX saws: <http://purl.org/saws/ontology#>
PREFIX snap: <http://data.snapdrgn.net/ontology/snap#>
PREFIX pleiades: <https://pleiades.stoa.org/>
PREFIX wd: <https://www.wikidata.org/>
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX t: <http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0>
PREFIX sdc: <https://w3id.org/sdc/ontology#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

You can also use the API to query the SPARQL endpoint, using https://betamasaheft.eu/api/SPARQL with the query in a parameter q. The results are SPARQL Query Results XML Format, as the one visualized below.

In the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines you can find the OWLDoc Documentation and a visualization thanks to webVOWL of the current ontology developed with Protégé.

Some examples of the data you are querying

Documentation on Linked Open Data can be found here.

Examples:
Search for female donors: "SELECT ?ms ?person WHERE { ?annotation a bm:donor ; oa:hasBody ?person ; oa:hasTarget ?ms . ?ms a bm:mss . ?person foaf:gender 'female' . } "
Manuscripts with a patron of the imperial family: "SELECT DISTINCT ?manuscript ?patron ?relation ?ruler WHERE{ ?annotation a bm:patron ; oa:hasTarget ?manuscript ; oa:hasBody ?patron . ?manuscript a bm:mss . ?patron snap:hasBond ?bondName . ?bondName rdf:type ?relation ; snap:bond-with ?ruler . ?ruler snap:occupation 'Emperor' . }"
Mountains mentioned in Liturgy manuscripts: "SELECT DISTINCT ?mountain ?manuscript WHERE { ?att oa:hasBody ?mountain ; oa:hasTarget ?manuscript . ?manuscript a bm:mss ; a bm:Liturgy . ?mountain a bm:place ; pleiades:hasFeatureType in <https://betamasaheft.eu/authority-files/mountain> . } LIMIT 50"

The results presented here are visualized with d3sparql

Enter above your XPath 3.0 query to the data. (You can alternatively use the old XPath search page here) Please, use t: namespace for TEI elements. The starting point of any Xpath should be $config:collection-root if you are searching the entire dataset.

NB: if you are a member of the BM GitHub organization and work with Oxygen you may run your XPath Queries directly in your Oxygen project; in this case start the string directly with //TEI.

You can also use, as a cached and short form to point to collections the following variables: $config:collection-rootMS for manuscripts; $config:collection-rootW for Textual Units $config:collection-rootPl for places; $config:collection-rootPr for persons; $config:collection-rootIn for repositories; $config:collection-rootA for authority files.

Examples:
Persons marked up in colophons: $config:collection-rootMS//t:colophon[t:persName]
Manuscripts with at least 26 additions: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[@xml:id='a26']
Manuscripts with a text marked up as Amharic: $config:collection-rootMS//t:TEI[descendant::t:textLang[@mainLang='am' or @otherLangs='am']]
Manuscripts with additions that contain something tagged Amharic: $config:collection-rootMS//t:TEI[not(contains(@xml:id, 'IHA'))]//t:additions[descendant::t:*[@xml:lang='am']]
Records with the title with the subtype inscriptio: $config:collection-root//t:title[contains(@subtype,'inscriptio')]
Manuscripts that have at least 31 quires: $config:collection-rootMS//t:collation/t:list[count(t:item) ge 31]
Manuscripts where a roleName appears: $config:collection-rootMS//t:roleName
Additons of the type OwnershipNote: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[t:desc[@type='OwnershipNote']]
Place records revised in 2022: $config:collection-rootPl//t:revisionDesc/t:change[contains(concat(' ', @when, ' '), '2022')]
Work records that contain "Senodos" inside title: $config:collection-rootW//t:titleStmt/t:title[contains(.,'Senodos')]
Works that contain the string "Senodos" somewhere: $config:collection-rootW//*[contains(.,'Senodos')]
Person record which have at least some attribute for birth and death (can be when, notBefore, notAfter) elements and occupation type ruler: $config:collection-rootPr//t:person[t:birth[@*]][t:death[@*]][t:occupation[@type='ruler']]
Manuscripts with miniatures in them: $config:collection-rootMS//t:decoDesc[t:decoNote[@type='miniature']]
Manuscripts with an addition element typed Ownership Note followed by another one with type Supplication: $config:collection-rootMS//t:additions/t:list/t:item[t:desc[@type='OwnershipNote']][following-sibling::t:item[t:desc[@type='Supplication']]]

Here you can differentiate your search by looking at the text of constructed strings from specific portions of the data. You can search for records which have a word occurring in the decoration and another in the content description, for example.















Resource type
manuscript8
General
Augustine Dickinson1
Carsten Hoffmann1
Denis Nosnitsin3
Dorothea Reule2
Ekaterina Gusarova1
Jacopo Gnisci1
Jonah Sandford1
Magdalena Krzyzanowska1
Pietro Maria Liuzzo4
Ralph Lee1
Stéphane Ancel1
Vitagrazia Pisani1
2024-02-021
2023-01-191
2023-03-231
2022-02-031
2022-10-031
2021-02-031
2021-03-301
2021-04-011
2020-08-011
2020-08-151
2020-09-021
2018-01-181
2017-09-151
2017-10-051
2017-12-191
2017-12-241
2016-05-103
2016-08-291
2016-08-311
2016-09-051
2015-02-201
2015-03-061
2014-12-121
2012-04-131
2010-04-301
2010-05-101
2010-05-111
2010-07-281
2010-10-081
1
1
1
Angel1
Annunciation2
Ascension of Jesus1
Assumption of Mary1
Baptism of Jesus1
Coronation of Mary1
Covenant of Mercy1
Crucifixion of Jesus1
Dormition of Mary1
Entombment of Jesus1
Equestrian Saint2
Flagellation of Jesus1
Flight into Egypt2
Holy Man Portrait2
Jesus Christ1
Jesus Heals the Blind1
Last Judgment1
Martyrdom1
Mary fed by an Angel1
Nativity of Jesus2
Nativity of Mary1
Presentation of Mary1
Resurrection of Jesus1
Road to Calvary1
Temptation of Jesus2
The Striking of the Head, ኵርዓተ፡ ርእሱ፡1
Transfiguration of Jesus1
Virgin and Child2
Weighing of Souls1
demon1
donor depiction1
dragon2
gesture of blessing1
gesture of crossed arms1
halo1
Hand of God1
Holy Spirit1
orans1
Second Gondarine Style1
Tetramorph1
bird1
censer1
cross1
prayer staff1
scale1
spear1
sword2
Gondarine1
Modern Period2
Zamana Masāfǝnt2
angel1
Apocrypha5
Christian Content1
Christian Literature6
Hagiography2
Liturgy2
Miracle6
Poetry1
Prayers3
Translation2
Amharic1
English7
Gǝʿǝz 7
Manuscripts
angel1
angels1
Angel⇨Eagle⇨Ox⇨Lion1
blessing gesture1
crossed arms1
dove1
gesture of speech1
hand cross1
orans pose1
prayer staffs1
praying1
Ancient of Days1
Angel1
Annunciation2
Ascension of Jesus1
Assumption of Mary1
Baptism of Jesus1
Coronation of Mary1
Covenant of Mercy1
Crucifixion of Jesus1
Dormition of Mary1
Entombment of Jesus1
Equestrian Saint2
Flagellation of Jesus1
Flight into Egypt2
Holy Man Portrait2
JesusChrist1
Jesus Heals the Blind1
Last Judgment1
Martyrdom1
Mary fed by an Angel1
Nativity of Jesus2
Nativity of Mary1
Pontius Pilate1
Presentation of Mary1
Resurrection of Jesus1
Road to Calvary1
St Mary1
Temptation of Jesus2
The Striking of the Head, ኵርዓተ፡ ርእሱ፡1
Transfiguration of Jesus1
Virgin and Child2
Weighing of Souls1
leather3
parchment1
textile1
wood7
Aethiopici1
EMIP1
Ethio-SPaRe3
Fonds éthiopien1
Manuscrits orientaux1
Oriental1
14
25
31
complete7
incomplete5
deficient2
good1
4 miracles of Cyricus1
5 miracles of Jesus1
An excerpt from the Miracles of the Trinity1
ʾAnqaṣa bǝrhān1
Baʾǝnta qǝddǝsāt1
Beginning of the Gospel of John1
ʾƎgziʾabǝḥer za-bǝrhānāt ʾǝgziʾabǝḥer za-śǝlṭānāt1
Eleven miracles of Jesus1
ʿƎqabanni (longer version)1
Excerpt from Dǝrsāna Mikāʾel, the Miracle for the month of Ḫǝdār, preceded by a preamble1
Fǝtḥat za-wald1
Hymn to Jesus Christ1
Invocation against evil spirits1
Kidān za-nagh1
Malkǝʾa ʾAbuna Takla Hāymānot1
Miracle of Jesus: Healing of the blind man by Jesus2
Miracle of Jesus: Raising of Yonās, the son of the widow of Nāyn1
Miracle of Jesus: The inundated field1
Miracle of Mary: Five Pains of the Virgin, Conversation of the Virgin and Jesus Christ; promise of salvation to those who recite the Paternoster and Ave Maria1
Miracle of Mary: Miracle of a picture of Mary speaking to a worker1
Miracle of Mary: Miracle of a poor monk whom Mary gave a garment1
Miracle of Mary: Miracle of the thirsty dog whom the Virgin gave water1
One miracle of Libānos1
Prayer to Jesus1
Prayer to Jesus brought by angels to a European prince1
Prayer to Mary1
Ṣalot za-ʾǝgzǝʾǝtǝna Māryām ba-Dabra Golgotā1
Salutation to you, treshold of the East...1
Taʾammǝra ʾIyasus5
Taʾammǝra Māryām2
Tǝmhǝrta ḫǝbuʾāt1
Ten miracles of John the Baptist1
Two miracles of Libānos1
እመጽሐፈ፡ ኪዳን፡ ዘነገሮሙ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ለሐዋርያቲሁ።1
ኦእግዚእየ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዕቀበኒ፡1
ፊደለ፡ ሐዋርያ፡1
17992
18001
18201
18491
18671
18771
18991
19201
17001
17401
17502
18003
18201
18411
19001
401
551
702
ʾabuna Zawalda Māryām1
Gadla Giyorgis1
Habta Māryām1
Kasa Sǝbḥat1
Ṣǝge Mikāʾel1
Tasfā Ḥǝywat1
Tasfā Māryām1
Walatta Mikāʾel1
Codex8
121
1551
1751
2291
2481
2601
2701
3051
no7
yes1
paper1
parchment6
02
14
21
41
05
22
31
12
21
31
43
61
14
22
31
41
03
101
121
141
151
61
08
151
211
321
461
471
561
821
91
1+179+11
1001
1151
1251
141
1421
1441
201
271
421
481
501
61
921
iii + 511
no7
yes1
Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana1
Bibliothèque nationale de France1
British Library1
Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs2
Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project1
Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg1
ʿUrā Qirqos1
1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C3
1A-1A/0-0/0-0/C2
Fols 1r–7v1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C1
Gabra Giyorgis (mentioned on fols. 32ra, and 112vb).1
Gabra Giyorgis1
Habta Māryām1
Mǝḫḍǝnta Māryām 1
Mǝḫḍǝnta Māryām1
Walda Tǝnśāʾe1
Za-Dǝngǝl1
Zadǝngǝl1
Zawalda Māryām1
Zawalda Māryām1
Ethiopic8
only metadata7
some text present1
bindingMaterial7
Boards1
Cover1
drawing2
Endbands1
EndLeaves1
frame2
miniature3
Other1
SewingStations1
Asmat1
DonationNote1
GuestText2
Inventory1
ScribalNoteCommissioning1
Unclear1
AcquisitionNote1
Correction1
findingAid2
OwnershipNote1
Unclear2
1101
1351
1721
2001
2101
2401
2741
8.51
131
13 151
161
16 171
171
181
193
211
221
35 381
Textual and Narrative Units
only metadata7
some text present1
Places and Repositories
Persons and Groups
17991
18381
18771
19741
17001
18001
18371
19161
1868-11-061
1876-04-191
1917-10-101
19171
ethnic4
n/a8
individual8

There are 8 entities matching your text query for "" with the parameters shown at the right. (searched: )

Search time: 0.983 seconds.
mode: anytitletext: https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3941MiraclesearchType: textwork-types: mss
    title
    hits count
    first three keywords in context
    item-type specific options
    Signatures
    UM-042
    Short Description
    This parchment codex is composed of 144 125 14 6 leaves. It has 12 main content units in 3 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: Around the middle of or the second half of the 18th century. Around the middle of or in the second half of the 18th century. Second half of the 18th century/bginning of the 19th century. Second half of the 18th century.. There are The description includes a collation of the quires.
    Signatures
    Frankfurt Ms. or. 17, Rüpp. IV, 1, Goldschmidt 13
    Short Description
    This parchment codex is composed of 142 leaves. It has 8 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1750-1799 ?. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
    Signatures
    MY-019
    Short Description
    This parchment codex is composed of 48 20 27 leaves. It has 28 main content units in 2 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: 1820-1867 1841-1867 1841-1867 First half of the nineteenth-century. There are The description includes a collation of the quires.
    Signatures
    MY-028
    Short Description
    This parchment codex is composed of 115 leaves. It has 44 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Possibly 1914-1918. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
    0 in
    Signatures
    BL Oriental 8824, Strelcyn 16, Curzon, Cat. E6, Parham 60
    Short Description
    This parchment codex is composed of 1+179+1 leaves. It has 45 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 18th century. There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description does not include a collation of the quires.
    Signatures
    BnF Éthiopien 70, Éth. 132
    Short Description
    This paper codex is composed of 100 leaves. It has 21 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: 1800-1877 (dating on palaeographic grounds). There are The description does not include a collation of the quires.
    Signatures
    Weiner Codex 357
    Short Description
    This parchment codex is composed of iii + 51 leaves. It has 53 main content units in 1 codicological unit. Available dates of origin in the description: Nineteenth century. There are The description does not include a collation of the quires.
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    Signatures
    Aeth. 117
    Short Description
    This parchment codex is composed of 92 42 50 leaves. It has 65 main content units in 2 codicological units. Available dates of origin in the description: 1916-1974 notBefore: 1916notAfter: 1974 The manuscript was copied by the order of Ḫayla Śǝllāse . . There is 1 hand described with Ethiopic script attested. The description includes a collation of the quires.
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