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ʿAdwā, ʾƎndā ʾAbbā Garimā, ʾAbbā Garimā II

Eugenia Sokolinski

This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the catalogue bibliography

Stub
https://betamasaheft.eu/AG00002
ʾƎndā ʾAbbā Garimā[view repository]

Collection:

Other identifiers: ʾAbbā Garimā III, Macomber Abbā Garimā Reel 2, Macomber Abbā Garimā Reel 3, HMML no. AG 00002, Macomber ʾAbbā Garimā Reel 2.II and Reel 3.I

Places IndexGeneralDescriptionPhysical Description
Main parts
CatalogueAuthors

General description

ʾAbbā Garimā Gospels II (III)

Number of Text units: 140

Number of Codicological units: 5

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Origin

Original Location: ʾƎndā ʾAbbā Garimā↗

The main codicological unit of Reel 2 has been tentatively dated on the basis of radiocarbon datation to 390-570 CE by Jacques Mercier

Provenance

Summary

  1. p1_i1 (), Four Gospels
    1. p1_i1.1 (), Introduction to the Gospels
      1. p1_i1.1.1 (check the viewerFols 132r–132v ), Epistle of Eusebius to Carpianus (generic record)

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      2. p1_i1.1.2 (check the viewerFols 128r–131v ), Canons of Eusebios (generic record)

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      3. p1_i1.2 (), Wangel za-Mātewos

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      4. p1_i1.3 (), Wangel za-Mārqos

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      5. p1_i1.4 (), Wangel za-Luqās

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      6. p1_i1.5 (), Gospel of John

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

  2. p2_i1 (), Four Gospels
    1. p2_i1.1 (), Introduction to the Gospels
      1. p2_i1.1.1 (check the viewerFols. 257r, 257v, 260v ), Canons of Eusebios (generic record)

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      2. p2_i1.1.2 (check the viewerFol. 259r ), End of the treatise, Synoptic Presentation concerning the Agreement of Texts of the Four Gospels

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      3. p2_i1.2 (), Wangel za-Mātewos

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      4. p2_i1.3 (), Wangel za-Mārqos

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      5. p2_i1.4 (), Wangel za-Luqās

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      6. p2_i1.5 (), Gospel of John

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

  3. p3_i1 (), Four Gospels
    1. p3_i1.1 (), Bǝsrāta Mārqos
      1. p3_i1.1.1 (check the viewerFols 247r–247v ), Mk. 2,8-28

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      2. p3_i1.1.2 (check the viewerFols 248r–248v ), Mk. 4,20-5,5

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

  4. p4_i1 (), Four Gospels
    1. p4_i1.1 (), Bǝsrāta Mātewos
      1. p4_i1.1.1 (check the viewerFols 7r–7v ), Mt. 6,19-30

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      2. p4_i1.1.2 (check the viewerFols 12r–12v ), Mt. 8,27-9,6

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

  5. p5_i1 (), Old Testament
    1. p5_i1.1 (check the viewerFols 307r–307v ), A fragment from the Ascension of Isaiah
    2. p5_i1.2 (check the viewerFols 308r–308v ), Isaiah 30,19-33

Contents

Catalogue Bibliography

  • Macomber, W. F. 1979. Catalogue of Ethiopian Manuscripts from Abbā Garimā, As̆atan (Church of St. Mary), Axum (Church of Zion), Dabra Bizan, Dabra Dāmo, Dabra Libanos, Gunda Gundē, Kebrān, Lālibalā (Church of the Savior of the World, Emmanuel Church), Maqalē, Ura, Kidāna Meḥrat, Monastery of Dabra Dāgā (Church of St. Stephen), Monastery of Lake Zewāy, Dabra Māryām, National Library and Haiq from Microfilms in the Collection of Dr. Donald Davies, De Land, Florida and Godfrey, Ontario, and of the Hill Monastic Manuscript Library, St. John’s University, Collegeville, Minnesota (Collegeville, MN: privately reproduced, 1979). page 5-8
    ZoteroOther citations

Secondary Bibliography

  • McKenzie, J. S. and F. Watson 2016. The Garima Gospels: Early Illuminated Gospel Books from Ethiopia, Manar al-Athar Monograph, 3 (Oxford: Manar al-Athar, 2016).
    ZoteroOther citations
  • Leroy, J. 1960. ‘L’évangéliaire éthiopien du couvent d’Abba Garima et ses attaches avec l’ancien art chrétien de Syrie’, Cahiers Archéologiques, 11 (1960), 131–143.
    ZoteroOther citations
  • Leroy, J. 1968. ‘Un nouvel évangéliaire éthiopien illustré du monastère d’Abba Garima’, in A. Grabar, ed., Synthronon. Art et archéologie de la fin de l’Antiquité et du Moyen Age. Recueil d’études par André Grabar et un groupe de ses disciples, Bibliothèque des Cahiers Archéologiques, 2 (Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck, 1968), 75–87.
    ZoteroOther citations
  • Bausi, A. 2011. ‘The “True Story” of the Abba Gärima Gospels’, Comparative Oriental Manuscript Studies Newsletter, 1 (2011), 17–20.
    ZoteroOther citations
  • Bausi, A. 2017. ‘Review of Judith S. McKenzie and Francis Watson, The Garima Gospels: Early Illuminated Gospel Books from Ethiopia, with Preface and Photographs by Michael Gervers and Contributions by Matthew R. Crawford,  Linda R. Macaulay, Sarah S. Norodom, Andres  T.  Reyes, and Miranda E. Williams, Manar al-Athar Monograph, 3 (Oxford: Manar al­-Athar, 2016)’, Aethiopica, 20 (2017), 289–292.
    ZoteroOther citations
  • Zuurmond, R. 2001. ‘The Textual Background of the Gospel of Matthew in Geʿez’, Aethiopica, 4 (2001), 32–41.
    ZoteroOther citations
  • Getatchew Haile 2016. ‘The Marginal Notes in the Abba Gärima Gospels’, Aethiopica, 19 (2016), 7–26.
    ZoteroOther citations
  • Mercier, J. 2000. ‘La peinture éthiopienne à l’époque axoumite et au XVIIIe siècle’, Académie des Inscriptions et Belles­Lettres, Comptes rendus des séances, (2000), 35–71.
    ZoteroOther citations
  • Heldman, M. E. and S. C. Munro-Hay 1993. African Zion: The Sacred Art of Ethiopia, ed. R. Grierson (New Haven, CT–London: Yale University Press, 1993).
    ZoteroOther citations

Physical Description

Form of support

Parchment Codex

Extent

431 (leaf) .Entered as 431

Foliation

The description follows the foliation provided by Macomber (before the restoration).

State of preservation

deficient

Condition

Macomber Reel 2 consists of leaves from three different manuscripts, plus two isolated leaves copied from the principal manuscript. Macomber Reel 3 contains leaves from three different manuscripts (two already present in Reel 2 and one more). All together these are five different manuscripts. The legibility of the text is, in general, good, but it is impeded by water stains and an occasional fading of the ink. The manuscript was in very poor condition, folia in disorder and many loose, margins missing. It was significantly restored during the recent restoration effort: "The early part of the manuscript was separated from the later part. The illuminated folios were treated as AG1. Again there was only one extant double folio. The existing sewing was pretty shaky so it was strengthened with new hemp cord being sewn in, using the original sewing stations, and the newly arranged and repaired folios were added. A new toned vellum flyleaf was sewn in for protection against the board. The early manuscript was at the back of this volume so the front board was detached and sewn onto the front of the early part using existing attachment holes in the wood. By returning the sewing to its original structure the illuminated pages could be viewed completely and with no real strain on the vellum. No evidence has been destroyed of what has happened to the books over the centuries - the holes from the misguided repairs using the parchment strips are still there, and samples of those strips and other sewing materials have been retained. Extensive amounts of debris - dust, leaves, insects etc. were found in the back folds of all the sections throughout the book. These were left in situ, partly as evidence for some possible future study and also because the removal would further loosen the sewing. The pigment of the images was not flaking, and the vellum of the illuminated folios, despite being worn away in areas, was sound and more robust than the vellum of the text folios. It had also aged differently by becoming darker and more greasy. It may be that these pages were produced elsewhere, possibly in Egypt, and brought into Ethiopia. The differing appearance may simply be due to the more constant handling of these pages.." (Capon 2008)

Binding

Binding material

leather

Original binding

No

Layout

Layout note 1

Codicological Unit p1

ʾAbbā Garimā 2

Also identified as

HMML no. AG 00002

Origin of codicological unit 1

The main codicological unit has been tentatively dated on the basis of radiocarbon datation to 390-570 CE by Jacques Mercier.

Summary of codicological unit 1

  1. p1_i1 (), Four Gospels
    1. p1_i1.1 (), Introduction to the Gospels
      1. p1_i1.1.1 (check the viewerFols 132r–132v ), Epistle of Eusebius to Carpianus (generic record)

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      2. p1_i1.1.2 (check the viewerFols 128r–131v ), Canons of Eusebios (generic record)

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      3. p1_i1.2 (), Wangel za-Mātewos

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      4. p1_i1.3 (), Wangel za-Mārqos

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      5. p1_i1.4 (), Wangel za-Luqās

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      6. p1_i1.5 (), Gospel of John

        There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

Contents

Four Gospels (CAe 1560)

Language of text:

Introduction to the Gospels (CAe 2705)

Language of text:

Lacuna: Synopsis of classes (CAe 1548) , the end of the treatise is probably in Abbā Garimā I, f. 2r.
check the viewerFols 128r–131v Canons of Eusebios (generic record) (CAe 1224)
Wangel za-Mātewos (CAe 1558)

Language of text:

Bǝsrāta Mātewos (CAe 2709)

Language of text:

Lacuna: Mt. 16,21-17,5 Lacuna: Mt. 19,24-22,13.
Wangel za-Mārqos (CAe 1882)

Language of text:

check the viewerFols 65r–71v, check the viewer58r–58v Bǝsrāta Mārqos (CAe 2711)

Language of text:

Wangel za-Luqās (CAe 1812)

Language of text:

Bǝsrāta Luqās (CAe 2713)

Language of text:

Lacuna: Lk. 24,18-53 - see ʾAbbā Garimā I, f. 3r
Gospel of John (CAe 1693)

Language of text:

Lacuna: List of the “tituli” for the Gospel of John: 18 titles (CAe 1693 TituliJohn) - see ʾAbbā Garimā I, f. 3v
Gospel of John (CAe 2715)

Language of text:

Lacuna: Jn. 2,6-4,39. Lacuna: Jn 7,8-30.

Decoration of codicological unit 1 In this unit there are in total 1 .

Other Decorations

  1. ornamentation: check the viewerFols 128r–131v

    Canon tables with the Tempietto

Physical Description of codicological unit 1

Form of support of codicological unit 1

Parchment Codex

Extent of codicological unit 1

259 (leaf) .Entered as 259

State of preservation of codicological unit 1

deficient

Condition

The leaves are in considerable disorder, and there are six lacunae in the text. The legibility of the text is, in general, good, but it is impeded by water stains and an occasional fading of the ink.

Layout of codicological unit 1

Layout note 1

Number of columns: 2

Number of lines: 23

Ruling of codicological unit 1
  • Ruling is visible.

Palaeography of codicological unit 1

  • Hand 1

    of codicological unit 1

    Script: Ethiopic

    Date: 390-1000

    390-1000

    • Codicological Unit p2

    ʾAbbā Garimā 3

    Also identified as

    Macomber ʾAbbā Garimā Reel 2.II and Reel 3.I

    Origin of codicological unit 2

    10th century according to Davies and Macomber 4th to 6th century according to Mercier

    Summary of codicological unit 2

    The Four Gospels were originally part of the same manuscript as Abba Garima 1, unit 3
    1. p2_i1 (), Four Gospels
      1. p2_i1.1 (), Introduction to the Gospels
        1. p2_i1.1.1 (check the viewerFols. 257r, 257v, 260v ), Canons of Eusebios (generic record)

          There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

        2. p2_i1.1.2 (check the viewerFol. 259r ), End of the treatise, Synoptic Presentation concerning the Agreement of Texts of the Four Gospels

          There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

        3. p2_i1.2 (), Wangel za-Mātewos

          There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

        4. p2_i1.3 (), Wangel za-Mārqos

          There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

        5. p2_i1.4 (), Wangel za-Luqās

          There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

        6. p2_i1.5 (), Gospel of John

          There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

    Contents

    Four Gospels (CAe 1560)

    Language of text:

    Introduction to the Gospels (CAe 2705)

    Language of text:

    The end of the Epistle of Eusebius to Carpianus (generic record) (CAe 1349) is included in ʾAbbā Garimā 1, f. 10r. Canons of Eusebios (generic record) (CAe 1224) I to IV are included in ʾAbbā Garimā 1, ff. 10v, 8rv. Canons V to VI have been lost.

    Language of text:

    check the viewerFols. 257r, 257v, 260v Canons of Eusebios (generic record) (CAe 1224)
    Wangel za-Mātewos (CAe 1558)

    Language of text:

    Lacuna: List of the “tituli” for the Gospel of Matthew: 68 titles (CAe 1558 TituliMatthew) , see ʾAbbā Garimā 1, ff. 5rv, 1r.
    Bǝsrāta Mātewos (CAe 2709)

    Language of text:

    Lacuna: Mt. 1,18-5,48. Lacuna: Mt. 4,19-5,18
    check the viewerFols 268r–281v Mt. 5,48-13,57 F. 268r (Mt. 5,48-6,10) photographed by Davies and described by Macomber with Reel 2; ff. 268v-281v (Mt. 6,10-13,57) photographed and described with Reel 3.
    Wangel za-Mārqos (CAe 1882)

    Language of text:

    Bǝsrāta Mārqos (CAe 2711)

    Language of text:

    Wangel za-Luqās (CAe 1812)

    Language of text:

    Lacuna: List of the “tituli” for the Gospel of Luke: 83 titles (CAe 1812 TituliLuke)
    Bǝsrāta Luqās (CAe 2713)

    Language of text:

    Gospel of John (CAe 1693)

    Language of text:

    Lacuna: List of the “tituli” for the Gospel of John: 18 titles (CAe 1693 TituliJohn)
    Gospel of John (CAe 2715)

    Language of text:

    Lacuna: Jn. 1,1-2,6 Lacuna: Jn. 9,39-10,42. Lacuna: Jn. 18,33-21,25.

    Additions of codicological unit 2 In this unit there are in total .

      Extras of codicological unit 2

      1. The Ammonian Sections and the Eusebian Canons that refer to them are indicated in the margins, and the chapters are shown at the tops of the columns.

      Decoration of codicological unit 2 In this unit there are in total 1 , 5 s.

      Miniatures notes

      1. miniature: check the viewerFol. 260r

        Miniature of the entrance to a palace or church

      2. miniature: check the viewerFol. 258v

        Miniature of a circular church

      3. miniature: check the viewerFol. 259v

        Miniature of St. Matthew the Evangelist

      4. miniature: check the viewerFol. 310v

        Miniature of St. Mark the Evangelist

      5. miniature: check the viewerFol. 344v

        Miniature of St. Luke the Evangelist

      Other Decorations

      1. ornamentation: check the viewerFols. 257r, 257v, 260v

        Canon tables

      Physical Description of codicological unit 2

      Form of support of codicological unit 2

      Parchment Codex

      Extent of codicological unit 2

      165 (Ff. 257-260 and 268r in Macomber Reel 2 and 161 leaves in Macomber Reel 2) (leaf) .Entered as 165 (Ff. 257-260 and 268r in Macomber Reel 2 and 161 leaves in Macomber Reel 2)

      State of preservation of codicological unit 2

      deficient

      Condition

      The leaves are in disorder, and there are six lacunae in the text. There are many areas of poor legibility where the ink has faded or been washed out.

      Layout of codicological unit 2

      Layout note 1

      Number of columns: 2

      Number of lines: 27

      Ruling of codicological unit 2
      • Ruling is visible.

      Palaeography of codicological unit 2

    1. Hand 2

      of codicological unit 2

      Script: Ethiopic

      Date: 10th century according to Davies and Macomber. 4th to 6th century according to Mercier.

      10th century according to Davies and Macomber. 4th to 6th century according to Mercier.

      2. Codicological Unit p3

      Origin of codicological unit 3

      16th cent.

      Summary of codicological unit 3

      1. p3_i1 (), Four Gospels
        1. p3_i1.1 (), Bǝsrāta Mārqos
          1. p3_i1.1.1 (check the viewerFols 247r–247v ), Mk. 2,8-28

            There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

          2. p3_i1.1.2 (check the viewerFols 248r–248v ), Mk. 4,20-5,5

            There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      Contents

      Four Gospels (CAe 1560)

      Language of text:

      Bǝsrāta Mārqos (CAe 2711)

      Language of text:

      Physical Description of codicological unit 3

      Form of support of codicological unit 3

      Parchment Codex

      Extent of codicological unit 3

      2 (leaf) .Entered as 2

      Palaeography of codicological unit 3

    2. Hand 3

      of codicological unit 3

      Script: Ethiopic

      Date: 1500-1600

      1500-1600 16th century hand

      3. Codicological Unit p4

      Origin of codicological unit 4

      Between 7th and 11th cent. (?)

      Summary of codicological unit 4

      1. p4_i1 (), Four Gospels
        1. p4_i1.1 (), Bǝsrāta Mātewos
          1. p4_i1.1.1 (check the viewerFols 7r–7v ), Mt. 6,19-30

            There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

          2. p4_i1.1.2 (check the viewerFols 12r–12v ), Mt. 8,27-9,6

            There are 140 items in this description, to show this page we have to stop here.

      Contents

      Four Gospels (CAe 1560)

      Language of text:

      The preserved leaves are a direct copy of ʿĀdwā, ʾƎndā ʾAbbā Garimā, ʾAbbā Garimā II, msPart p1.
      Bǝsrāta Mātewos (CAe 2709)

      Language of text:

      Physical Description of codicological unit 4

      Form of support of codicological unit 4

      Parchment Codex

      Extent of codicological unit 4

      2 (leaf) .Entered as 2

      Palaeography of codicological unit 4

    3. Hand 4

      of codicological unit 4

      Script: Ethiopic

      Date: 600-1200

      600-1200 According to Macomber, the hand is similar to that of additio in AG 1 concerning ʾArmāḥ. It is therefore post-10th century according to Macomber and goes back to the 7th century according to Getatchew Haile 2016

      4. Codicological Unit p5

      Origin of codicological unit 5

      10th cent.(?)

      Summary of codicological unit 5

      Leaves from an Old Testament manuscript, were originally part of the same manuscript as Abba Garima 1, unit 5
      1. p5_i1 (), Old Testament
        1. p5_i1.1 (check the viewerFols 307r–307v ), A fragment from the Ascension of Isaiah
        2. p5_i1.2 (check the viewerFols 308r–308v ), Isaiah 30,19-33

      Contents

      Old Testament (CAe 3530) A leaf filmed in Reel 1 (ʿĀdwā, ʾƎndā ʾAbbā Garimā, ʾAbbā Garimā I, msPart p5) with a fragment of Daniel 7,25-c. 8,11 (CAe 1259) may derive from the same manuscript.

      Language of text: Gǝʿǝz

      Physical Description of codicological unit 5

      Form of support of codicological unit 5

      Parchment Leaf

      Extent of codicological unit 5

      2 (leaf) .Entered as 2

      Palaeography of codicological unit 5

    4. Hand 5

      of codicological unit 5

      Script: Ethiopic

      Date: 900-999

      900-999 10th century hand

      5. Publication Statement

      authority
      Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
      publisher
      Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
      pubPlace
      Hamburg
      availability
      This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.
      date
      type=expanded
      2.5.2024 at 13:44:55
      date
      type=lastModified
      17.6.2020
      idno
      type=collection
      manuscripts
      idno
      type=url
      https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/AG00002/main
      idno
      type=URI
      https://betamasaheft.eu/AG00002
      idno
      type=filename
      AG00002.xml
      idno
      type=ID
      AG00002

      Edition Statement

      The images of the manuscript used here are the microfilm photographs collected by Donald M Davies (and described by William Macomber).

      Encoding Description

      A digital born TEI file

      Encoded according to the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines. These Guidelines detail the TEI format ruled by the Beta maṣāḥǝft Schema. The present TEI file is enriched with an Xquery transformation taking advantage of the exist-db database instance where the data is stored and of the many external resources to which this data points to.

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      Suggested Citation of this record

      To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

      Alessandro Bausi, Eugenia Sokolinski, ʻʿAdwā, ʾƎndā ʾAbbā Garimā, ʾAbbā Garimā IIʼ, in Alessandro Bausi, ed., Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 17.6.2020) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/AG00002 [Accessed: 2024-05-03+02:00]

      Revisions of the data

      • Eugenia Sokolinski created record on 17.6.2020

      Attributions of the contents

      Alessandro Bausi, general editor

      Eugenia Sokolinski, editor

      The images of the manuscript used here are the microfilm photographs collected by Donald M Davies (and described by William Macomber).
      This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.