Monumentum Adulitanum Inscription of unknown king

| | | ... μεθ᾽ ἅ ἀνδρειώσας τὰ μὲν ἔγγιστα τοῦ βασιλείου ἔθνη εἰρηνεύεσθαι κελεύσας, ἐπολέμησα καὶ ὑπέταξα μάχαις τὰ ὑπογεγραμμένα ἔθνη· Γάζη↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Adegada, or Gaza; (Ade simply meaning a town or district) Ludolf map 1683

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

plaine d'altitude (1000 à 1800 m) appelée Akkälä Guzay, en surplomb du golfe de Zula.

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

le peuple des Agaʿâzê ou Geʿez assimilés aux Axoumites à l'époque de Cosmas

¹ ἔθνος ἐπολέμησα, ἔπειτα Ἄγαμε↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

est du Tigré, immédiatement au sud de l'Akkälä Guzay.

καὶ Σιγύηνε↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

province of Sigue or Siré (as Dr. Vincent says) on Ludolf map (1683) above

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

The Sigyēnĕ are unidentifiable even with the help of alternative name Suskinitas given in scholion

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Soguet

² νικήσας τὴν ἡμίσειαν πάντων τῶν παρ᾽ αὐτοῖς καὶ αὐτῶν ἐμερισάμην. Αὔα↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Awa or AVA, which is Ade-Awa, or Adawi, a considerable district bordering on Axum. on Ludolf map (1683) south of

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Cannot be satisfactorily identified

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is LOC6384Yeha according to ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is LOC1264Adwa according to ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Same as Αὒη in Nonnosos ( Photios, Bibliotheca, 3, 2-20)

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Somewhere between Adwa and Yeha.

καὶ Ζινγαβηνὲ↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

the province of Bugné, inhabited by blacks (or Galla) on Ludolf map (1683) south of

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Cannot be satisfactorily identified. [...] It is possible that may be scribe's error for Ζιγγαρηνὲ and thus, as suggested in Wenig et al. 2006, it might be Zängären

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Zängären

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Zängären

καὶ Ἀγγαβὲ↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Angabet or Andabet in Begemder on Ludolf map (1683) south of

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

a place called Angäba in the chiefdom of Sedya between ʿAdwa and the river Bäläsa NW of Entäṣĕw; Angabĕ may also be the same as the Angao of DAE 9.

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Angabo in DAE 9

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Angot a sud du Tigré

³ καὶ Τιάμαα↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Tziama, or Tzama. on Ludolf map (1683) south of

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Ṣĕyamo-Tziamo-Tiama the kingdom over which Ezana claimed sovereignity in this area.

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

les peuples établis dans les régions basses au sud-est des plateaux éthiopien.

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Vallée fertile dans la région de l'Enderta

καὶ ⁴ Ἀθαγαοὺς↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Ath-Agaws or the Agaws on Ludolf map (1683) south of

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Addago

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Sud of Aksum

καὶ Καλαὰ↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Halaat or Salait on Ludolf map (1683) west of

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is LOC5232Qohayt according to ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

la peuplade Kelau

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Kalaoué, district de la rive gauche du Takazzé, au-dessous des montagnes du Semen

καὶ Σαμῆνε↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Sembre or Samen on Ludolf map (1683) west of

ἔθνος πέραν τοῦ Νείλου↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is pleiades:727172 according to ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is LOC4560Marab according to ? ἐν δυσβάτοις καὶ χιονώδεσι ὄρεσιν↗ οἰκοῦντας, ἐν οἷς διὰ παντὸς νιφετοὶ καὶ κρύη καὶ χιόνες βαθεῖαι, ὡς μέχρι γονάτων καταδύειν τὸν ἄνδρα, τὸν ποταμὸν διαβὰς ὑπέταξα, ἔπειτα Λασινὲ↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is LOC4259Lasta according to :

Lasta on Ludolf map (1683) west of

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Nord d'Axoum

καὶ Ζαὰ↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is LOC5597Sawa according to :

Shawa or Zaa or on Ludolf map (1683) south-west of

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Nord d'Axoum

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Mount Zaad

καὶ Γαβαλὰ↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Gäbäle near Ĕnṭälo

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Nord d'Axoum

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Mänsa et Habâb

⁵ οἰκοῦντας παρ᾽ ὄρεει θερμῶν ὑδάτων βλύοντι καὶ καταρρύτῳ. Ἀταλμῶ↗ καὶ Βεγὰ↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Bega or Bega Midra on Ludolf map (1683) East of

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is pleiades:795790 according to :

καὶ τὰ σὺν αὐτοῖς ἔθνη πάντα Ταγγαϊτῶν↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is LOC5862Taka according to :

This may be a nasalized form of Taka, a place-name which occurs close to Kassala in the Sudan

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is LOC5862Taka according to :

Letronne, approuvé par A. Dillmann, a reconnu dans set ethnique les Taka qui vivent entre le fleuve Atbara et Sauakin sur la Mer Rouge.

, ⁶ τὰ μέχρι τῶν τῆς Αἰγύπτου↗ ὁρίων οἰκοῦντα, ὑποτάξας πεζεύεσθαι ἐποίησα τὴν ὁδὸν ἀπὸ τῶν τῆς ἐμῆς βασιλείας τόπων μέχρι Αἰγύπτου↗ , ἔπειτα Ἀννήνε↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

dans la region des Bega

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

sud et à l'ouest du royaume d'Axoum, dans la région montagneuse qui s'abaisse vers la plaine de Samhara.

καὶ Μετίνε↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

dans la region des Bega

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

versant est des montagnes abruptes qui dominent la plaine littorale de la Mer Rouge.

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Yuri M. Kobishchanov Axum, les localise dans les montagnes â l'ouest d'Axoum, entre les vallées du Takazzé et du Mareb

⁷ ἐν ἀποκρήμνοις οἰκοῦντας ὄρεσι. | Σεσέα↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Somali

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is ETH2021Saho according to :

Saho ou Schoho et estime que la description de la région convient a Kohaito

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Yuri M. Kobishchanov Axum, les localise dans les montagnes â l'ouest d'Axoum

⁸ ἔθνος ἐπολέμησα, οὓς καὶ μέγιστον καὶ δυσβατώτατον ὄρος ἀνελ|θόντας περιφρουρήσας κατὴγαγον, καὶ ἀπελεξάμην ἐμαυτῷ τούς τε νέους αὐτῶν καὶ γυναῖκας καὶ παῖδας καὶ παρθένους καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν αὐτοῖς κτῆσιν. Ῥαυσῶ↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Almost anywhere in northern Somalia

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is pleiades:39414 according to ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Yuri M. Kobishchanov Axum, pense qu'il s'agit d'une peuplade du désert de Somalie

ἔθνη ⁹ μεσόγεια λιβανωτοφόρων βαρβάρων↗ οἰκοῦντα ἐντὸς πεδίων μεγάλων ἀνύδρων, καὶ Σολάτε↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Seltagé

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Yuri M. Kobishchanov Axum, les localiser dans la région de Bab el-Mandeb

¹⁰ ἔθνος ὑπέταξα, οἶς καὶ τοὺς αἰγιαλοὺς τῆς θαλάσσης φυλάσσειν ἐκέλευσα. | Ταῦτα δὲ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ὄρεσιν ἰσχυροῖς πεφρουρημένα αὐτὸς ἐγὼ ἐν ταῖς μάχαις παρὼν νικήσας καὶ ὐποτάξας, ἐχαρισάμην αὐτοῖς πάσας τὰς χώρας ἐπὶ φόροις. Ἄλλα δὲ πλεῖστα ἔθνη ἑκόντα ὑπετάγη μοι ἐπὶ φόροις. ¹¹ Καὶ πέραν δὲ τῆςἘρυθρᾶς θαλάσσης↗ οἰκοῦντα Ἀραβίτας↗ καὶ ¹² Κιναιδοκολπίτας↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Haouara

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Les Kinâna du nord de la Tihama et du sud de Hedjaz. Yuri M. Kobishchanov Axum: Tihama

, ¹³ στράτευμα ναυτικὸν καὶ πεζικὸν διαπεμψάμενος, καὶ ὐποτάξας αὐτῶν τοὺς βασιλέας, φόρους τῆς γῆς τελεῖν ἐκέλευσα καὶ ὁδεύεσθαι μετ᾽εἰρήνης καὶ πλέεσθαι, ἀπὸ τε Λευκῆς κώμης↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Haouara

¹⁴ ἕως τῶν Σαβαίων↗ χώρας ἐπολέμησα. ¹⁵ | Πάντα δὲ ταῦτα τὰ ἔθνη πρῶτος καὶ μόνος βασιλέων τῶν πρὸ ἐμοῦ ὑπέταξα, δι᾽ἣν ἔχω πρὸς τὸν μέγιστον θεόν μου Ἄρην εὐχαριστίαν, ¹⁶ ὅς με καὶ ἐγέννησε, | δι᾽οὗ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη δι᾽οὗ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη | τὰ ὁμοροῦντα τῇ ἐμῇ γῇ ἀπὸ μὲν ἀνατολῆς μέχρι τῆς λιβανωτοφόρου↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Somalie

, ἀπὸ δὲ δύσεως μέχρι τῶν τῆς Αἰθιοπίας↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is pleiades:39274 according to :

l'immédiat arrière-pays de la Trogodytique où les Ptolémées venaint chasser les éléphants.

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is LOC5017Nubia according to καὶ Σάσου↗ ^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is ETH2070Sidaam according to :

Sidama country

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Sud sud-ouest d'Axoum see Cosma II, 51 who says that the aksumites sent via the governor og agau people to commerce in gold

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

région de l' éthiopie qui produit de l'or, le Ouollega, au sud du Nil Bleu

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Kaffa, plus loin vers le sud, qui aurait été anciennement dénommée Sousa.

^[!]The certainty about the value of ref is low according to :

Sasô-gê sud de l'Ethiopie

¹⁷ τόπων, ὑπ᾽ἐμαυτὸν ἐποίησα, ἃ μὲν αὐτὸς ἐγὼ ἐλθὼν καὶ νικήσας, ἃ δὲ διαπεμπόμενος, καὶ ἐν εἰρήνῃ καταστήσας πάντα τὸν ὑπ᾽ἐμοὶ κόσμον κατῆλθον εἰς τὴν Ἀδούλι↗ τῷ Διὶ καὶ τῷ Ἄρεει καὶ τῷ Ποσειδῶνι θυσιάσαι ὑπὲρ τῶν πλοϊζομένων· ἀθροίσας δὲ μου τὰ στρατεύματα καὶ ἐφ᾽ἓν ποιήσας, ἐπὶ τούτῳ τῷ τόπῳ καθίσας τόνδε τὸν δίφρον παραθήκην τῷ Ἄρεει ἐποίησα ἔτει τῆς ἐμῆς βασιλείας κ(- - -) (εἰκοστῷ) ζ(- - -) (ἑβδόμῳ) .