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✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
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This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
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Gondar

Francesca Panini

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/LOC3577Gondar
town
WikiData Item Q218861
Manuscripts in Gondar
Places IndexGeneralDescriptionMap

Names

ጎንደር፡↗ normalized: Gondar↗ alt: ጐንደር፡↗ normalized: Gʷandar↗ North Gondar↗ Bagemdǝr↗ ʾAmhārā↗ Red Sea↗ Ṭānā↗ ʾƎnnāryā↗ Gondarine Kingdom↗ Ethiopia↗ ʾAṭṭāṭāmi Mikāʾel↗ Šawā↗ Dabra Tābor↗ Governo dell'Amhara↗ Africa Orientale Italiana↗ Bagemdǝr↗ Sǝmen↗ Ṭānā↗ Ethiopia↗

ጎንደር፡am

alt: ጐንደር፡am


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General information

description: Gondar has enjoyed a strategic position: it is 35 km north of the lake Ṭānā↗ close to the point where two strategic caravan routes joined. It also benefited from being surrounded by a semicircle of mountains and close to fertile lands and water supply. Historically, Gondar population was divided into two main groups that lived in clearly separated quarters and neighbourhoods: the royal court and nobility on the one hand; the merchants, craftsmen and commoners on the other. Until the Italian occupation, Muslims and Beta ʾƎsrāʾel↗ had to live separated from the Christians and were assigned precise quarters. Gondar is today one of the largest cities in Ethiopia↗ .

Foundation date

17th century?

Foundation story

Although the name "Gondar" is first mentioned in the 14th century to designate a regiment of soldiers and it was subsequently used to designate a small market town inhabited by Muslim traders and Beta ʾƎsrāʾel↗ craftsmen, it developed as a major centre only after ʾaṣe role: title Fāsiladas↗ chose it as his camp in 1636-1637.

History

history: The town of Gondar is located in today's North Gondar↗ Zone (historically Bagemdǝr↗ province) in the ʾAmhārā↗ Regional State. Gondar started to flourish after ʾaṣe role: title Fāsiladas↗ chose it as his camp in 1636-'37 to control the collection of customs on the Red Sea↗ - Ṭānā↗ - ʾƎnnāryā↗ trade routes. Following its foundation and for approx. 130 years (from 1630s to 1760s), Gondar was the political, religious, cultural and intellectual capital of the Gondarine Kingdom↗ . Its founder Fāsiladas↗ built the first nucleus of the town including his castle, some churches and his pleasure pool. After him, his son ʾaṣe role: title Yoḥānnǝs I↗ and grandson ʾaṣe role: title ʾIyāsu I↗ chose to remain in Gondar and built their own castles and churches. So by the late 17th century, Gondar had become a permanent and sizeable settlement where Ethiopian rulers resided when not campaigning and where the highest commercial, political and religious classes gathered around the throne. In the 17th century Gondar also became the major commercial centre of northern Ethiopia↗ . During the 18th century, the royal compound was completed with the construction of castles by Dāwit III↗ , Bakāffā↗ and ʾIyāsu II↗ , the church of ʾAṭṭāṭāmi Mikāʾel↗ by Dāwit III↗ and various subsidiary buildings (the whole surrounded by a double wall with twelve gates and reinforcing towers). However, by the late 18th century, no more castles were built and, from the 19th century, Gondar gradually lost its political power and shrank in size while the centre of the power moved to Šawā↗ . Tewodros II↗ set his capital in Dabra Tābor↗ and, in 1866 attacked, burnt and looted Gondar. Finally, in 1888 and 1889, the Mahdists attacked and burnt down what was left of the city which saw some redevelopment only in the 1920s . During the Italian occupation, Gondar became the capital of the Governo dell'Amhara↗ (one of six governorates forming the Africa Orientale Italiana↗ ), it was restructured and rebuilt along modernist lines and its population increased significantly. After the defeat of the Italians in 1941, Gondar became the capital of the Province of Bagemdǝr↗ and Sǝmen↗ , flourished and grew in population becoming a major commercial and cultural centre.

Secondary Bibliography

  • Berry, L. B., J. Quirin, and D. Crummey 2005. ‘Gondär’, in S. Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, II (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005), 838a–848a.
    ZoteroOther citations

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Keywords

town

    Publication Statement

    authority
    Gazetteer of Places related to Ethiopian Written tradition, Hiob Ludolf Zentrum für Äthiopistik
    pubPlace
    Hamburg
    publisher
    Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
    availability

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.

    date
    2016-03-21
    date
    type=expanded
    2022-01-05T15:14:57.706+01:00
    date
    type=lastModified
    18.11.2016
    idno
    type=collection
    places
    idno
    type=url
    https://betamasaheft.eu/places/LOC3577Gondar
    idno
    type=URI
    https://betamasaheft.eu/LOC3577Gondar
    idno
    type=filename
    LOC3577Gondar.xml
    idno
    type=ID
    LOC3577Gondar

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Administrative position
t:country ኢትዮጵያ
regional state ʾAmharā kǝllǝl
province በጌምድር
zone Samen Gondar
Coordinates 12.6000 37.4666
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Use the tag BetMas:LOC3577Gondar in your public hypothes.is annotations which refer to this entity.

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Suggested citation of this record

Francesca Panini, Pietro Maria Liuzzo, Eugenia Sokolinski, ʻGondarʼ, in Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2016-11-18) https://betamasaheft.eu/places/LOC3577Gondar [Accessed: 2024-11-03]

To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

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Revision history

  • Francesca Panini Francesca Panini: added link to GeoNames entity on 18.11.2016
  • Francesca Panini Francesca Panini: added info to record regarding history and relations on 26.9.2016
  • Francesca Panini Francesca Panini: corrected xml:lang, some transcription and added info to record on 23.9.2016
  • Francesca Panini Francesca Panini: further info and mark-up on 24.8.2016
  • Francesca Panini Francesca Panini: corrections on 18.8.2016
  • Francesca Panini Francesca Panini: inserted info and relations on 9.8.2016
  • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: harmonized typology based on Eugenia indication in Issue 48. on 27.4.2016
  • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: Created file from google spreadsheet on 21.3.2016
  • Eugenia Sokolinski Eugenia Sokolinski: CREATED: place on 9.2.2016
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Attribution of the content

Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor

Eugenia Sokolinski, contributor

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.