ʾIfāt
Solomon Gebreyes
Names
ኢፋት፡↗ normalized: ʾIfāt↗ alt: አውፋት፡↗ normalized: ʾAwfāt↗ alt: ወፋት፡↗ normalized: Wafāt↗ alt: ይፋት፡↗ normalized: Yǝfāt↗ Ethiopia↗ Red Sea↗ Indian Ocean↗ Robi↗ Qäbänna↗
ኢፋት፡gez
alt: አውፋት፡ar
alt: ወፋት፡ar
alt: ይፋት፡am
History
history: It was a historical region and sultanate in central Ethiopia↗ , flourished around 1285. It is an integral part of the Rift Valley, the area of ʾIfāt served for millenia as a point of contact between the pastoral or nomadic economic formations of the eastern lowlands and ancient agricultural societies of the Ethiopian highlands. Islam must have been introduced into the region in early times. The growth of the power of ʾIfāt came to a halt in the 14th century. The strategic importance of ʾIfāt placed it against the Christian state consolidated by the rulers of Solomonic dynasty, whose ambition was to control the caravan trade to the Red Sea↗ Indian Ocean↗ . The area of ʾIfāt was reduced to a battle ground in the course of ʾAḥmad↗ and subsequent Oromo↗ migrations. In the 16th and 18th century ʾIfāt remained a small region between Robi↗ and Qäbänna↗ rivers. ʾIfāt had won important value in the study of historical geography both in the local works and traveler accounts. The Chronicle of ʿAmda Ṣǝyon ↗ recounted the campaign of the king against the Sultanate of ʾIfāt. The entire chronicle is devoted of the warrior’s king against the Sultan of ʾIfāt Ṣabraddīn I Muḥammad b. Dalḥūy↗ . It also appears in Chronicle of Zarʾa Yāʿqob which reports that the king appointed a governor for the province of ʾIfāt.
Secondary Bibliography
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Solomon Gebreyes Beyene 2016. Chronicle of King Gälawdewos (1540-1559): Critical Edition and Annotated Translation PhD Dissertation, Hamburg: Universität Hamburg (2016).
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Conzelman, W. El., ed., 1895. Chronique de Galâwdêwos (Claudius) roi d’Éthiopie, Bibliothèque de l’École pratique des hautes études, Sciences philologiques et historiques, 104 (Paris: Librairie Émile Bouillon, Éditeur, 1895).
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Marrassini, P. 1993. Lo scettro e la croce: La campagna di ʿAmda Ṣeyon I contro l’Ifāt (1332), ed., tr. P. Marrassini, Studi Africanistici, Serie Etiopica, 4 (Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale, Dipartimento di Studi e Ricerche su Africa e Paesi Arabi, 1993). page 56, 60, 78, 112
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Perruchon, J. 1893. Les Chroniques de Zârʾâ Yâʿeqôb et de Bʾaeda Mâryâm, rois d’Éthiopie de 1434 à 1478, Bibliothèque de l’École pratique des hautes études, Sciences philologiques et historiques, 93 (Paris: Émile Bouillon, Éditeur, 1893). page 12
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Ahmed Hassen Omer and D. Nosnitsin 2007. ‘Ifat’, in S. Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, III (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2007), 118a–120a.
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Solomon Gebreyes Beyene, S. 2015. ‘The Chronicle of Emperor Gälawdewos (1540-1559): a source on Ethiopia’s mediaeval historical geography’, in A. Bausi, A. Gori, D. Nosnitsin, and E. Sokolinski, eds, Essays in Ethiopian Manuscript Studies: Proceedings of the International Conference Manuscripts and Texts, Languages and Contexts: the Transmission of Knowledge in the Horn of Africa, Hamburg, 17–19 July 2014, Supplement to Aethiopica, 4 (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2015), 109–118. page 109-118
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Huntingford, G. W. B. 1989. The Historical Geography of Ethiopia From the First Century AD to 1704, ed. R. Pankhurst, Fontes historiae africanae, Series Varia, 4 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989). page 76, 78, 80, 86-89, 91,95, 101, 106-108, 117, 121, 122, 128-30, 156, 168, 179, 240
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Braukämper, U. 2002. Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia: Collected Essays, Göttinger Beiträge zur Ethnologie, 9 (Münster: LIT Verlag, 2002). page 24-29
Other
PhD Dissertation
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