✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
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✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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James Bruce

Solomon Gebreyes

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/PRS2916Bruce
WikiData Item Q348489
VIAF ID 32094803
Persons IndexGeneralBirthFloruitDeath

Names

James Bruce ↗

Birth

Period of Activity

He arrived in Ethiopia motivated by the ambition to discover the source of Blue Nile in September 1769. He was the most important foreigner to visit Ethiopia between the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1632 and the visit of Henry Salt↗ in 1810.

Death

1794-04-26

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Names

  • James Bruce

Dates

Period of activity: 1769–1772

Death: 26-4-1794

Occupation

traveller

Residence

He was in Gondar from 1769to 1772.

Faith

notSpecified

Nationality

Scotland

Secondary Bibliography Secondary Bibliography Secondary Bibliography

Secondary Bibliography

  • Bruce, J. 1791. Travels to discover the source of the Nile, in the years 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, and 1773, III (Dublin: William Porter, 1791).
    ZoteroOther citations

Secondary Bibliography

  • Dillmann, C. F. A. 1848. Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum Bibliothecae Bodleianae Oxoniensis, Pars VII: Codices Aethiopici (Oxonii: E Typographeo Academico, 1848).
    ZoteroOther citations

Secondary Bibliography

  • Pankhurst, R. 2003. ‘Bruce, James’, in S. Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, I (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003), 631b–633a.
    ZoteroOther citations

    Publication Statement

    authority
    Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
    publisher
    Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
    pubPlace
    Hamburg
    availability
    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.
    date
    2016-03-21
    date
    type=expanded
    2022-01-05T15:14:57.706+01:00
    date
    type=lastModified
    8.8.2016
    idno
    type=collection
    persons
    idno
    type=url
    https://betamasaheft.eu/persons/PRS2916Bruce
    idno
    type=URI
    https://betamasaheft.eu/PRS2916Bruce
    idno
    type=filename
    PRS2916Bruce.xml
    idno
    type=ID
    PRS2916Bruce

Select one of the keywords listed from the record to see related data

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James Bruce is patron of the following items
  • Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 94 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates 1790 in a bibl element, 1790 in a bibl element, 1804 in a bibl element, 1790 in a bibl element, 1790 in a bibl element, 1790 in a bibl element, 1790 in a bibl element, 1848 in a bibl element, 1804 in a bibl element, 2019 in a bibl element.
  • Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 91 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates 1954 in a bibl element, 7261 (world) in a note element, 1769 in a note element, 2009 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, - in a handNote element, 2009 in a bibl element, 1988 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 1848 in a bibl element, 1988 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element.
  • Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 90 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates 1848 in a bibl element, 1848 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element.
  • Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 79 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates 1830 in a bibl element, 1848 in a bibl element.
  • Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 78 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates 1848 in a bibl element.
  • Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 87 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates ፬፻ወ፱ ዓመተ፡ ምሕረት፡ (grace) in a colophon element, 1848 in a bibl element.
  • Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 89 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates 1848 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 1848 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element.
  • Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 88 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates 2009 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 2017 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, in a provenance element, in a provenance element, 2009 in a bibl element, 2017 in a bibl element, 2016 in a bibl element, 1848 in a bibl element, 2016 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 2017 in a bibl element, 2001 in a bibl element, 2017 in a bibl element, (grace) in a incipit element, 1994 in a bibl element, 1994 in a bibl element, 1894 in a bibl element, 1894 in a bibl element, 1894 in a bibl element, 1988 in a bibl element, 1988 in a bibl element, 1894 in a bibl element, 1988 in a bibl element, 1894 in a bibl element, 1894 in a bibl element, 1988 in a bibl element, 1988 in a bibl element, 2016 in a bibl element, 1988 in a bibl element, 1988 in a bibl element, 1988 in a bibl element, 1988 in a bibl element, በ፲፻ወ፰፻፺ወ፰ ዓመት፡ እምዓመተ፡ እስክንድር፡ ዘ፪ አቅርንቲሁ፡ (alexander) in a explicit element, በ፲፻ወ፭፻፸ወ፫ ዓመት፡ እምትስጉተ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሎቱ፡ ስብሐት፡ (ethiopian) in a explicit element, በ፲፻ወ፪፻፺ወ፯ ዓመት፡ እምዓመተ፡ ሰማዕታት፡ (diocletian) in a explicit element, 1907 in a bibl element, 1994 in a bibl element, 1610 in a note element, 1988 in a bibl element, 1994 in a bibl element, 2001 in a bibl element, 1848 in a bibl element, 2016 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 1994 in a bibl element, 2017 in a bibl element.
James Bruce is owner of the following items
  • Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 49 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates - in a handNote element, - in a handNote element, 1877 in a bibl element, 1848 in a bibl element, 1851 in a bibl element.
  • Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 80 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates 1830 in a bibl element, 1994 in a bibl element, 1848 in a bibl element.
  • Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 81 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates 1988 in a bibl element, 1848 in a bibl element.
  • Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 95 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates 1848 in a bibl element.
  • Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 93 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates 2009 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 1848 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 1813 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 1905 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 1909 in a bibl element, 1910 in a bibl element, 1884 in a bibl element, 1853 in a bibl element, 1909 in a bibl element, 1910 in a bibl element, 1909 in a bibl element, 1910 in a bibl element, 1909 in a bibl element, 1910 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element.
  • Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 76 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates 1830 in a bibl element, 1848 in a bibl element, 1848 in a bibl element.
  • Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 77 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates 1848 in a bibl element, 1848 in a bibl element.
James Bruce is scribe of the following items
  • Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 49 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates - in a handNote element, - in a handNote element, 1877 in a bibl element, 1848 in a bibl element, 1851 in a bibl element.
  • Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 93 The description of the manuscript also contains the following dates 2009 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 1848 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 1813 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 1905 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element, 1909 in a bibl element, 1910 in a bibl element, 1884 in a bibl element, 1853 in a bibl element, 1909 in a bibl element, 1910 in a bibl element, 1909 in a bibl element, 1910 in a bibl element, 1909 in a bibl element, 1910 in a bibl element, 2009 in a bibl element.
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Suggested citation of this record

Solomon Gebreyes, Pietro Maria Liuzzo, Eugenia Sokolinski, ʻJames Bruceʼ, in Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2016-08-08) https://betamasaheft.eu/persons/PRS2916Bruce [Accessed: 2024-11-03]

To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

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Revision history

  • Solomon Gebreyes Solomon Gebreyes: Complete record on 8.8.2016
  • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: batch updated according to requirements and issues. on 28.4.2016
  • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: Created file from google spreadsheet on 21.3.2016
  • Eugenia Sokolinski Eugenia Sokolinski: CREATED: person on 9.2.2016
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Attribution of the content

Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor

Eugenia Sokolinski, contributor

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.