✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
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✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
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The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
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✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
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This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
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We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
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ʾAbbāy

Solomon Gebreyes

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/LOC1022Abbay
river
WikiData Item Q29391314
Manuscripts in ʾAbbāy
Places IndexGeneralDescriptionMap

Names

አባይ፡↗ normalized: ʾAbbāy↗ ዓባይ↗ normalized: ʿAbbāy↗ ዓባዊ፡↗ normalized: ʿAbbāwi↗ alt: Blue Nile↗ Ṭānā↗ Ethiopia↗ White Nile↗ Nile↗ Gihon↗ Garden of Eden↗ Cush↗ Egypt↗ Ethiopia↗ Ethiopia↗ Ethiopia↗ ʾOgāden↗ Ethiopia↗ Ethiopia↗ Egypt↗ Egypt↗ Ethiopia↗

አባይ፡gez

ዓባይgez

ዓባዊ፡gez

alt: Blue Nileen

History

history: The Blue Nile is a river originating at Ṭānā↗ in Ethiopia↗ . With the White Nile↗ , ʾAbbāy becomes one of the two major tributaries of the Nile↗ . It has been identified by some Ethiopians as the river Gihon↗ mentioned as flowing out of the Garden of Eden↗ as it is mentioned in the Bible encircling the entire land of Cush↗ . The Blue Nile has been a bone of contention historically in the long multifaced Ethiopian-Egyptian relationship. While Egypt↗ depended on Ethiopia↗ for its waters, Ethiopia↗ depended on the Egyptian Coptic Church as the sources of patriarchal Authority and her metropolitan. This mutuality has shaped events since the 11th century. It reached an early crisis during the time of King Lālibalā↗ whom the Egyptian suspected diverting the river, even though his kingdom never reached ʾAbbāy. It was ʾaṣe role: title ↗ who first occupied the basin of the ʾAbbāy and began spreading Christianity there. The Medieval emperors of the Solomonic dynasty, especially Dāwit I↗ , Yǝsḥāq↗ and Zarʾa Yāʿqob↗ went asserting Ethiopia↗ 's control of the river as a tool in her international relations. Though the threat of blocking the ʾAbbāy proved very effective for centuries in safeguarding the appointment of the Egyptian metropolitans, in practice, a diversion, or even the use of ʾAbbāy waters was never attempted. Under Mängǝśtu Ḫaylä Maryam↗ especially during 1977-1978 ʾOgāden↗ war Ethiopia↗ returned to direct threats about blocking ʾAbbāy. However, a more constructive dialogue between Ethiopia↗ and Egypt↗ has begun in the 1990s. While Egypt↗ still insists on her historic rights over all waters Ethiopia↗ persists in demanding her equitable share in a river she had once thought to dominate.

Secondary Bibliography

  • Solomon Gebreyes Beyene 2016. Chronicle of King Gälawdewos (1540-1559): Critical Edition and Annotated Translation PhD Dissertation, Hamburg: Universität Hamburg (2016).
    ZoteroOther citations
  • Conzelman, W. El., ed., 1895. Chronique de Galâwdêwos (Claudius) roi d’Éthiopie, Bibliothèque de l’École pratique des hautes études, Sciences philologiques et historiques, 104 (Paris: Librairie Émile Bouillon, Éditeur, 1895).
    ZoteroOther citations
  • Erlich, H. 2003. ‘Abbay’, in S. Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, I (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003), 27a–28b.
    ZoteroOther citations
  • Erlich, H. 2002. The Cross and the River: Ethiopia, Egypt and the Nile (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002).
    ZoteroOther citations
  • Solomon Gebreyes Beyene, S. 2015. ‘The Chronicle of Emperor Gälawdewos (1540-1559): a source on Ethiopia’s mediaeval historical geography’, in A. Bausi, A. Gori, D. Nosnitsin, and E. Sokolinski, eds, Essays in Ethiopian Manuscript Studies: Proceedings of the International Conference Manuscripts and Texts, Languages and Contexts: the Transmission of Knowledge in the Horn of Africa, Hamburg, 17–19 July 2014, Supplement to Aethiopica, 4 (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2015), 109–118. page 109-118
    ZoteroOther citations
  • Huntingford, G. W. B. 1989. The Historical Geography of Ethiopia From the First Century AD to 1704, ed. R. Pankhurst, Fontes historiae africanae, Series Varia, 4 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989). page 23, 24, 30, 31, 33, 34, 52, 68, 69, 71-73, 79-81, 88, 92, 93, 95, 96, 105, 119, 129, 133, 138-144, 147, 152-154, 156-159, 164, 165, 167, 169, 172, 173, 175-177, 181, 186, 188, 190, 191, 197, 198, 200-202, 204-213, 216, 217, 219-222, 224-229, 232, 234, 250, 256
    ZoteroOther citations

Other

PhD Dissertation

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Keywords

river

    Publication Statement

    authority
    Gazetteer of Places related to Ethiopian Written tradition, Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
    pubPlace
    Hamburg
    publisher
    Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
    availability

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.

    date
    2016-03-21
    date
    type=expanded
    2022-01-05T15:14:57.706+01:00
    date
    type=lastModified
    29.8.2017
    idno
    type=collection
    places
    idno
    type=url
    https://betamasaheft.eu/places/LOC1022Abbay
    idno
    type=URI
    https://betamasaheft.eu/LOC1022Abbay
    idno
    type=filename
    LOC1022Abbay.xml
    idno
    type=ID
    LOC1022Abbay

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Administrative position
t:country ኢትዮጵያ
Place attested in the following periods
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Suggested citation of this record

Solomon Gebreyes, Pietro Maria Liuzzo, Eugenia Sokolinski, ʻʾAbbāyʼ, in Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2017-08-29) https://betamasaheft.eu/places/LOC1022Abbay [Accessed: 2024-11-05]

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Revision history

  • Solomon Gebreyes Solomon Gebreyes: Complete record on 29.8.2017
  • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: harmonized typology based on Eugenia indication in Issue 48. on 27.4.2016
  • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: Created file from google spreadsheet on 21.3.2016
  • Eugenia Sokolinski Eugenia Sokolinski: CREATED: place on 9.2.2016
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Attribution of the content

Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor

Eugenia Sokolinski, contributor

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.