Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

Do you want to notify us of an error, please do so by writing an issue in our GitHub repository (click the envelope for a precomiled one).
On small screens, will show a navigation bar on the leftOpen Item Navigation
Edit Not sure how to do this? Have a look at the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines!
Hide pointersClick here to hide or show again the little arrows and small left pointing hands in this page.
Hide relatedClick here to hide or show again the right side of the content area, where related items and keywords are shown.
EntryMain Entry
TEI/XMLDownload an enriched TEI file with explicit URIs bibliography from Zotero API.
SyntaxeSee graphs of the information available. If the manuscript contains relevant information, then you will see visualizations based on La Syntaxe du Codex, by Andrist, Canart and Maniaci.
RelationsFurther visualization of relational information
TranscriptionTranscription (as available). Do you have a transcription you want to contribute? Contact us or click on EDIT and submit your contribution.
Request Images from Ethio-SPaReSend an email to Ethio-SPaRe Project leader to request to make the images of this manuscript available here.

Ambalage, Tamazzo Māryām, TZM-001

Dorothea Reule

Newly catalogued in Beta maṣāḥǝft

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/EStzm001
Tamazzo Māryām[view repository]

Collection: Ethio-SPaRe

General description

Sǝnkǝssār (Maskaram-Yakkātit)

Number of Text units: 71

Number of Codicological units: 1

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Summary

  1. ms_i1 (check the viewerFols 1ra–10vb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), First half of the year
    1. ms_i1.1 (check the viewerFols 1ra–4rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemorative notices for the month of Maskaram
      1. ms_i1.1.1 (check the viewerFol. 1ra ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Introduction for Maskaram
      2. ms_i1.1.2 (check the viewerFols 1ra–1vb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 1st Maskaram
        1. ms_i1.1.2.1 (check the viewerFols 1ra–1rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Beginning of the year
        2. ms_i1.1.2.2 (check the viewerFol. 1rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Job's washing in the river
        3. ms_i1.1.2.3 (check the viewerFols 1rb–1vb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Death of Bartholomew (same as NAR0017SBartalomewos)
        4. ms_i1.1.2.4 (check the viewerFol. 1vb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Death of Milyos
      3. ms_i1.1.3 (check the viewerFols 1vb–2rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 2nd Maskaram
        1. ms_i1.1.3.1 (check the viewerFols 1vb–2rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Decapitation of John the Baptist
        2. ms_i1.1.3.2 (check the viewerFol. 2rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Dāsyā
      4. ms_i1.1.4 (check the viewerFols 2rb–2va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 3rd Maskaram
        1. ms_i1.1.4.1 (check the viewerFols 2rb–2va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of the council of Alexandria under Dionysios of Alexandria
        2. ms_i1.1.4.2 (check the viewerFol. 2va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of an earthquake in Egypt
      5. ms_i1.1.5 (check the viewerFols 2va–3ra ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 4th Maskaram
        1. ms_i1.1.5.1 (check the viewerFols 2va–3ra ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Macarius II
      6. ms_i1.1.6 (check the viewerFols 3ra–3rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 5th Maskaram
        1. ms_i1.1.6.1 (check the viewerFols 3ra–3rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Sofyā, different version in the second recension.
      7. ms_i1.1.7 (check the viewerFols 3rb–3va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 6th Maskaram
        1. ms_i1.1.7.1 (check the viewerFols 3rb–3va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Isaiah
      8. ms_i1.1.8 (check the viewerFols 3va–4rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 7th Maskaram
        1. ms_i1.1.8.1 (check the viewerFols 3va–4rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Dioscorus of Alexandria
        2. ms_i1.1.8.2 (check the viewerFols 4rb and following ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of ʾAgātu, Ṗeṭros, Yoḥannǝs, ʾAmon, ʾAmonā, Rafiqā
    2. ms_i1.2 (check the viewerFols 5va–10vb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemorative notices for the month of Yakkātit
      1. ms_i1.2.1 (check the viewerFol. 5va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 13rd Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.1.1 (check the viewerFol. 5va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Sargiyos
        2. ms_i1.2.1.2 (check the viewerFol. 5va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of ʾabbā Ṭimotewos the patriarch
      2. ms_i1.2.2 (check the viewerFols 5va–5vb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 14th Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.2.1 (check the viewerFols 5va–5vb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Sāwiros
        2. ms_i1.2.2.2 (check the viewerFol. 5vb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Yāʿqob the patriarch of Alexandria
      3. ms_i1.2.3 (check the viewerFols 5vb–6rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 15th Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.3.1 (check the viewerFols 5vb–6ra ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Zakāryā the prophet
        2. ms_i1.2.3.2 (check the viewerFol. 6ra ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of the consecration of the church of the martyrs of Sǝbǝsṭyā
        3. ms_i1.2.3.3 (check the viewerFols 6ra–6rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Babnūda
      4. ms_i1.2.4 (check the viewerFols 6rb–6va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 16th Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.4.1 (check the viewerFols 6rb–6va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of ʾElsābeṭ
      5. ms_i1.2.5 (check the viewerFols 6va–6vb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 17th Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.5.1 (check the viewerFols 6va–6vb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Minās
      6. ms_i1.2.6 (check the viewerFols 6vb–7rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 18th Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.6.1 (check the viewerFols 6vb–7rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Malāniwos the patriarch of Antiochia
      7. ms_i1.2.7 (check the viewerFol. 7rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 19th Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.7.1 (check the viewerFol. 7rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of the translatio of Martǝyānos
      8. ms_i1.2.8 (check the viewerFol. 7rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 20th Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.8.1 (check the viewerFol. 7rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Ṗeṭros the patriarch
        2. ms_i1.2.8.2 (check the viewerFol. 7rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Bāsǝlyos, Tāʾodǝs and Ṭimotewos
      9. ms_i1.2.9 (check the viewerFols 7rb–8rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 21st Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.9.1 (check the viewerFols 7rb–7va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Gabrǝʾel the patriarch
        2. ms_i1.2.9.2 (check the viewerFols 7va–7vb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Zakāryās the bishop
        3. ms_i1.2.9.3 (check the viewerFols 7vb–8rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of ʾAwkǝnsimon
      10. ms_i1.2.10 (check the viewerFol. 8rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 22nd Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.10.1 (check the viewerFol. 8rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of ʾabbā Mārunā
      11. ms_i1.2.11 (check the viewerFols 8rb–8va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 23rd Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.11.1 (check the viewerFols 8rb–8va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of ʾAwsǝnyos
      12. ms_i1.2.12 (check the viewerFols 8va–9ra ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 24th Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.12.1 (check the viewerFols 8va–9ra ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of ʾAgābiṭos
        2. ms_i1.2.12.2 (check the viewerFol. 9ra ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Minās
        3. ms_i1.2.12.3 (check the viewerFol. 9ra ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Ṭimotewos the bishop of Gāzā
      13. ms_i1.2.13 (check the viewerFols 9ra–9rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 25th Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.13.1 (check the viewerFols 9ra–9rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of ʾArsinos, Filmona and Lekiyā
        2. ms_i1.2.13.2 (check the viewerFol. 9rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of a deacon and Minās
      14. ms_i1.2.14 (check the viewerFols 9rb–9va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 26th Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.14.1 (check the viewerFols 9rb–9va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Hoseʿ
        2. ms_i1.2.14.2 (check the viewerFol. 9va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Sādoq
      15. ms_i1.2.15 (check the viewerFols 9va–10ra ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 27th Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.15.1 (check the viewerFols 9va–10ra ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of ʾEnsǝgtewos, patriarch of Antioch
      16. ms_i1.2.16 (check the viewerFols 10ra–10rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 28th Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.16.1 (check the viewerFols 10ra–10rb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Tewodros the Roman
      17. ms_i1.2.17 (check the viewerFols 10rb–10va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 29th Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.17.1 (check the viewerFols 10rb–10va ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of Bālikǝryos
      18. ms_i1.2.30 (check the viewerFols 10va–10vb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 30th Yakkātit
        1. ms_i1.2.30.1 (check the viewerFols 10va–10vb ), Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of the invention of the head of John the Baptist

Contents


check the viewerFols 1ra–10vb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), First half of the year (CAe 4033 FirstHalf)

Language of text: Gǝʿǝz

(Only the beginning and end of the manuscript having been photographed, statements of completeness and incompleteness refer here, unless otherwise specified, to availability on the images.)

check the viewerFols 1ra–4rb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemorative notices for the month of Maskaram (CAe 4033 Maskaram)

check the viewerFols 1ra–1vb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 1st Maskaram (CAe 4033 Mask1)

check the viewerFols 1vb–2rb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 2nd Maskaram (CAe 4033 Mask2)

check the viewerFols 2rb–2va Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 3rd Maskaram (CAe 4033 Mask3)

check the viewerFols 2va–3ra Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 4th Maskaram (CAe 4033 Mask4)

check the viewerFols 3rb–3va Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 6th Maskaram (CAe 4033 Mask6)

check the viewerFols 3va–4rb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 7th Maskaram (CAe 4033 Mask7)

check the viewerFols 5va–10vb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemorative notices for the month of Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakkatit)

check the viewerFol. 5va Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 13rd Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk13)

check the viewerFols 5va–5vb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 14th Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk14)

check the viewerFols 5vb–6rb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 15th Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk15)

check the viewerFols 6rb–6va Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 16th Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk16)

check the viewerFols 6va–6vb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 17th Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk17)

check the viewerFols 6vb–7rb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 18th Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk18)

check the viewerFol. 7rb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 19th Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk19)

check the viewerFol. 7rb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 20th Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk20)

check the viewerFols 7rb–8rb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 21st Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk21)

check the viewerFol. 8rb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 22nd Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk22)

check the viewerFols 8rb–8va Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 23rd Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk23)

check the viewerFols 8va–9ra Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 24th Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk24)

check the viewerFols 9ra–9rb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 25th Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk25)

check the viewerFols 9rb–9va Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 26th Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk26)

check the viewerFols 9va–10ra Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 27th Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk27)

check the viewerFols 10ra–10rb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 28th Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk28)

check the viewerFols 10rb–10va Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 29th Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk29)

check the viewerFols 10va–10vb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), 30th Yakkātit (CAe 4033 Yakk30) (The final folio of the manuscript seems to be missing, the text ends abruptly.)

check the viewerFols 10va–10vb Sǝnkǝssār (Group B), Commemoration of the invention of the head of John the Baptist (CAe 4033 Yakk30Yohannes) (The final folio of the manuscript seems to be missing, the text ends abruptly.)

Natively encoded in TEI.

Physical Description

Form of support

Parchment Codex

Extent

(The manuscript has not been fully described or photographed, the number of folia is not known.) ca 450 ca 345

Foliation

The manuscript is not foliated. Folio numbers used in this record refer to a digital numeration of the available images.

Layout

Layout note 1(check the viewerFols 1r–4v )

Number of columns: 2

Number of lines: 33-38

(The number of ruled lines is irregular.)

Layout note 1(check the viewerFols 5r–9v )

Number of columns: 2

Number of lines: 42-49

(The number of written lines is irregular; they are not written on the ruled lines.)

Palaeography

  • Hand 1

    Script: Ethiopic

    Ink: Black, red.

    Date: 1350-1500

    check the viewerFols 1ra–10vb 1350-1500 Identical to Hand 3 of Ambalage, Tamazzo Māryām, TZM-002. Broad, rounded script, somewhat irregular. The loops of መ are attached, the right loop is bent. The vowel marker of እ is bent laterally. The loop of ቶ is very big. The vowel markers of ን, ት and ዝ are set up on the stem curved left. Numerals are mostly written without dashes, but also with (check the viewerfols. 4ra, ). ፈ and ረ are quite angular. The vowel marker of ሬ and ፌ can extend below the line (check the viewerfol. 7va ). The hand belongs probably to Uhlig's period II, but a slightly later date cannot be excluded.
    • Publication Statement

      authority
      Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
      pubPlace
      Hamburg
      publisher
      Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
      availability
      This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.
      date
      type=expanded
      16.12.2024 at 13:20:15
      date
      type=lastModified
      28.12.2021
      idno
      type=collection
      manuscripts
      idno
      type=url
      https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/EStzm001/main
      idno
      type=URI
      https://betamasaheft.eu/EStzm001
      idno
      type=filename
      EStzm001.xml
      idno
      type=ID
      EStzm001

    Select one of the keywords listed from the record to see related data

    No keyword selected.
    This page contains RDFa. RDF+XML graph of this resource. Alternate representations available via VoID.
    Hypothes.is public annotations pointing here

    Use the tag BetMas:EStzm001 in your public hypothes.is annotations which refer to this entity.

    CLOSE

    Suggested citation of this record

    Dorothea Reule, Denis Nosnitsin, ʻAmbalage, Tamazzo Māryām, TZM-001ʼ, in Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2021-12-28) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/EStzm001 [Accessed: 2024-12-18]

    To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

    CLOSE

    Revision history

    • Dorothea Reule Identification of content, physical description, transcription of 13-30 Yakkātit, based on the manuscript's images on 28.12.2021
    • Dorothea Reule Created record, begun description on 5.7.2020
    • Denis Nosnitsin Photographed by the Ethio-SPaRe team in Ethio-SPaRe on 9.2.2010
    CLOSE

    Attribution of the content

    Dorothea Reule, editor

    Denis Nosnitsin, contributor

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.