✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

Explore this page
Do you want to notify us of an error, please do so by writing an issue in our GitHub repository (click the envelope for a precomiled one).
On small screens, will show a navigation bar on the leftOpen Item Navigation
Edit Not sure how to do this? Have a look at the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines!
Hide pointersClick here to hide or show again the little arrows and small left pointing hands in this page.
Hide relatedClick here to hide or show again the right side of the content area, where related items and keywords are shown.
EntryMain Entry
TEI/XMLDownload an enriched TEI file with explicit URIs bibliography from Zotero API.
SyntaxeSee graphs of the information available. If the manuscript contains relevant information, then you will see visualizations based on La Syntaxe du Codex, by Andrist, Canart and Maniaci.
RelationsFurther visualization of relational information
TranscriptionTranscription (as available). Do you have a transcription you want to contribute? Contact us or click on EDIT and submit your contribution.

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 89

Dorothea Reule

This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the Catalogue Bibliography

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/BDLbruce89
Bodleian Library[view repository]

Collection: Codices aethiopici, Bruce

Other identifiers: Dillmann cat. XXX, Dillmann 30, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project EMIP 3187

Places IndexPersons IndexGeneralDescriptionPhysical Description
Main parts
CatalogueAuthors

General description

Chronicles

Number of Text units: 3

Number of Codicological units: 2

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Origin

1769-1772

Original Location: Ethiopia↗

Provenance

This manuscript was copied for James Bruce patron .

Additions In this unit there are in total 1 .

    Extras

    1. (Type: StampExlibris)

      Ex libris of James Bruce glued on the inner front board, containing shelfmarks of the manuscript: 89. Aeth. Cat. 6. Bruce of Kinnaird Nº 7

    Catalogue Bibliography

    • Dillmann, C. F. A. 1848. Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum Bibliothecae Bodleianae Oxoniensis, Pars VII: Codices Aethiopici (Oxonii: E Typographeo Academico, 1848). page 81ab
      ZoteroOther citations

    Secondary Bibliography

    • Wion, A. 2009. ‘Le Liber Aksumae selon le manuscrit Bodleian Bruce 93 : le plus ancien témoin d’un projet historiographique sans cesse réactivé’, Oriens Christianus, 93 (2009), 135–171. page 139
      ZoteroOther citations

    Physical Description

    Form of support

    Parchment Codex

    Extent

    +NaN (leaf) .Entered as iv + 110 (formae 4ae ) 303 276 45 296 270 (Data on leaves dimensions taken from check the viewerfol. 29r .) 2475 (g, weight) .Entered as 2475
    Outer dimensions
    Height 303mm
    Width 276mm
    Depth 45mm
    Leaf dimensions
    Height 296mm
    Width 270mm

    Foliation

    Quire Structure Collation

    Signatures: 1 written in black ink in the upper left corner of No image availablefols. ir, ; ፩ in the upper left corner of No image available1r, ; traces of a European numeral, probably 3, cut off, and ፪ in the upper left corner of No image available9r, ; 4 and ፫ in the upper left corner of No image available17r, ; traces of a European numeral, cut off, and ፬ in the upper left corner of No image available25r, ; traces of a European numeral, cut off, and ፭ in the upper left corner of No image available33r, ; traces of a European numeral, cut off, and ፮ in the upper left corner of No image available40r, ; traces of a European numeral, possibly 8, cut off, in the upper left corner of No image available48r, ; 9, cut off, in the upper left corner of No image available56r, ; traces of a European numeral, probably 10, cut off, in the upper left corner of No image available65r, ; 11 in the upper left corner of No image available73r, ; very small remains of black ink in the upper left corner of No image available76r, ; 13 in the upper left corner of No image available80r, ; 14 in the upper left corner of No image available86r, ; traces of a European numeral, cut off, in the upper left corner of No image available91r, ; 16 in the upper left corner of No image available97r, ; traces of a European numeral, cut off, in the upper left corner of No image available103r.

    Collation diagrams



    Quire ID:q1, number:A
    Collation diagram Quire 1 1 4 Unit #1 Unit #2


    Quire ID:q2, number:1
    Collation diagram Quire 2 5 12 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4


    Quire ID:q3, number:2
    Collation diagram Quire 3 13 20 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4


    Quire ID:q4, number:3
    Collation diagram Quire 4 21 28 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4


    Quire ID:q5, number:4
    Collation diagram Quire 5 29 36 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

    4, stub after 4
    Quire ID:q6, number:5
    Collation diagram Quire 6 37 43 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4


    Quire ID:q7, number:6
    Collation diagram Quire 7 44 51 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4


    Quire ID:q8, number:7
    Collation diagram Quire 8 52 59 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

    2, stub after 8
    Quire ID:q9, number:8
    Collation diagram Quire 9 60 68 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5


    Quire ID:q10, number:9
    Collation diagram Quire 10 69 76 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

    1, stub after 3
    Quire ID:q11, number:10
    Collation diagram Quire 11 77 Unit #1 Unit #2


    Quire ID:q12, number:11
    Collation diagram Quire 12 80 83 Unit #1 Unit #2


    Quire ID:q13, number:12
    Collation diagram Quire 13 84 89 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3


    Quire ID:q14, number:13
    Collation diagram Quire 14 90 95 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3


    Quire ID:q15, number:14
    Collation diagram Quire 15 96 101 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3


    Quire ID:q16, number:15
    Collation diagram Quire 16 102 107 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3


    Quire ID:q17, number:16
    Collation diagram Quire 17 108 115 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

    Ethio-SPaRe formula : A(4/No image availableFols ir–ivv) – I(8/No image availableFols 1r–8v) – II(8/No image availableFols 9r–16v) – III(8/No image availableFols 17r–24v) – IV(8/No image availableFols 25r–32v) – V(6+1/s.l. 4, stub after 4/No image availableFols 33r–39v) – VI(8/No image availableFols 40r–47v) – VII(8/No image availableFols 48r–55v) – VIII(8+1/s.l. 2, stub after 8/No image availableFols 56r–64v) – IX(8/No image availableFols 65r–72v) – X(2+1/s.l. 1, stub after 3/No image availableFols 73r–75v) – XI(4/No image availableFols 76r–79v) – XII(6/No image availableFols 80r–85v) – XIII(6/No image availableFols 86r–90v) – XIV(6/No image availableFols 91r–96v) – XV(6/No image availableFols 97r–102v) – XVI(8/No image availableFols 103r–110v) –

    Formula: No image availableFols ir–ivv ; No image availableFols 1r–8v ; No image availableFols 9r–16v ; No image availableFols 17r–24v ; No image availableFols 25r–32v ; No image availableFols 33r–39v 4, stub after 4 ; No image availableFols 40r–47v ; No image availableFols 48r–55v ; No image availableFols 56r–64v 2, stub after 8 ; No image availableFols 65r–72v ; No image availableFols 73r–75v 1, stub after 3 ; No image availableFols 76r–79v ; No image availableFols 80r–85v ; No image availableFols 86r–90v ; No image availableFols 91r–96v ; No image availableFols 97r–102v ; No image availableFols 103r–110v ;

    Formula 1: 1 (4), 2 (8), 3 (8), 4 (8), 5 (8), 6 (7), 7 (8), 8 (8), 9 (9), 10 (8), 11 (), 12 (4), 13 (6), 14 (6), 15 (6), 16 (6), 17 (8),

    Formula 2: 1 (4), 2 (8), 3 (8), 4 (8), 5 (8), 6 (7), 7 (8), 8 (8), 9 (9), 10 (8), 11 (), 12 (4), 13 (6), 14 (6), 15 (6), 16 (6), 17 (8),

    State of preservation

    good

    Condition

    Binding

    European binding, red leather with gilded borders. Imprinted on the spine: Histoir d'Abbisin. Tom III. The inner cover is reinforced with decorative gilded paper with floral pattern. The text block has been trimmed and its edges were gilded. One paper fly leaf each, containing watermarks, at the front and back.

    Secondary Bibliography

    • Wion, A. 2009. ‘Le Liber Aksumae selon le manuscrit Bodleian Bruce 93 : le plus ancien témoin d’un projet historiographique sans cesse réactivé’, Oriens Christianus, 93 (2009), 135–171. page 134, note 10
      ZoteroOther citations

    Binding decoration

    A bookmark of blue textile, very probably European, is attached to the headband.

    Binding material

    leather

    metal

    paper

    Original binding

    No

    Codicological Unit p1

    Summary of codicological unit 1

    1. p1_i1 (check the viewerFols 1ra–75va, check the viewer1ra–75va ), ንጽሕፍ፡ ዜናሁ፡ ለንጉሥ፡ ኃያል፡ መዋኢ፡ ዘልቡ፡ ውስተ፡ የማኑ፡ ወአዕይንቲሁ፡ ዲበ፡ ርእሱ፡ መፍቀሬ፡ ጥበብ፡ ወፈታሔ፡ ርትዕ። ወጸላኤ፡ ዓመፃ፡ ወርሑቅ፡ እምእከይ። ወስፉሐ፡ እድ፡ በውሂብ፡ ወተወካሊ፡ ላዕለ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ክቡር፡ ወልዑል፡

    Contents

    check the viewerFols 1ra–75va, check the viewer1ra–75va ንጽሕፍ፡ ዜናሁ፡ ለንጉሥ፡ ኃያል፡ መዋኢ፡ ንጉሠ፡ ነገሥት፡ role: title ሱስንዮስ፡ ዘልቡ፡ ውስተ፡ የማኑ፡ ወአዕይንቲሁ፡ ዲበ፡ ርእሱ፡ መፍቀሬ፡ ጥበብ፡ ወፈታሔ፡ ርትዕ። ወጸላኤ፡ ዓመፃ፡ ወርሑቅ፡ እምእከይ። ወስፉሐ፡ እድ፡ በውሂብ፡ ወተወካሊ፡ ላዕለ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ክቡር፡ ወልዑል፡ (CAe 3951)

    Language of text:

    (The title is stated after a long preface.) (Many parts, up to entire columns, are erased and sometimes rewritten.)

    Additions of codicological unit 1 In this unit there are in total .

      Extras of codicological unit 1

      1. check the viewerFol. ir

        Note in black ink.

        ( fr ) Tome 3 Hist. d'Abissinie

      2. check the viewerFol. iir

        Note in pencil.

        ( en ) Reigns of Susneus, Facilidas & Hannes I.

      3. check the viewerFol. 1r

        Note in pencil in the upper margin.

        ( en ) Susneus

      4. check the viewerFols 2rc–2vb

        A large portion of text has been scratched off.

      5. check the viewerFol. 3r

        Scribbles in the lower margin.

      6. check the viewerFol. 3vb

        A large portion of text has been scratched off.

      7. check the viewerFols. 12ra, 14rc, 20vc, 27vb

        European names of persons and dates mentioned in the respective text sections written in black ink next to the text.

      8. On nearly every page, text written in a very small hand has been added above portions of text that have been scratched off.

      9. check the viewerFol. 35vc

        A large portion of text has been scratched off.

      10. check the viewerFols 64r–77v

        The beginnings of chapters are written in a very small hand in the upper or lower margins, probably as cues for the rubricator.

      11. check the viewerFols. 52r, 59r, 63v

        On numerous pages, crosses in pencil or black ink are drawn in the margins.

      Layout of codicological unit 1

      Layout note 1

      Number of columns: 3

      Number of lines: 30

      H 223mm
      W 221mm
      Margins
      top 26mm
      bottom 45mm
      right 33mm
      left 17mm
      intercolumn 18mm
      (Data on text area and margin dimensions taken from check the viewerfol. 29r .)

      Ms Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 891

      looks ok for measures computed width is: 271mm, object width is: 276mm, computed height is: 294mm and object height is: 303mm.
      Ruling of codicological unit 1
      • Pricking and ruling are visible.

      Palaeography of codicological unit 1

    1. Hand 1

      of codicological unit 1

      Script: Ethiopic

      Very well executed, apparently written at the time of Susǝnyos and corrected after his death.

      2. Codicological Unit p2

      Summary of codicological unit 2

      Contents

      check the viewerFols 76ra–77vc, check the viewer77ra–78vc ታሪክ፡ ዘሐፄ፡ ፋሲል፡ (CAe 4640)

      Language of text:

      Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ):ወነግሠ፡ ወልዱ፡ ሐፄ፡ ፋሲለደስ፡ ወስመ፡ መንግሥቱ፡ ዓለም፡ ሰገድ፡

      check the viewerFols 78ra–108, check the viewer80ra–109vc Chronicle of Yohānnǝs I (CAe 3947)

      Language of text:

      Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ):በስመ፡ . . . . .ommission by Christian Friedrich August Dillmann ንዌጥን፡ ጽሒፈ፡ ዜናሁ፡ ዘይጥዕም፡ እመዓር፡ ወሦከር፡ ወይትበደር፡ እምወርቅ፡ ወእምእብነ፡ ጳዝዮን፡ ክቡር። ዘይስሕብ፡ አፈ፡ ኀበ፡ ተናግሮቱ፡ ወእዝነ፡ ኀበ፡ ሰሚዖቱ፡ ለክቡር፡ ወዐቢይ፡ ንጉሠ፡ ነገሥት፡ role: title አእላፍ፡ ሰገድ፡ በጸጋ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘተሰምየ፡ በስመ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ወንጌላዊ፡

      (The end is missing.)

      Additions of codicological unit 2 In this unit there are in total .

        Extras of codicological unit 2

        1. check the viewerFol. 77r

          Written in pencil in the upper margin.

          ( ) Faciladas

        2. check the viewerFol. 77r

          Written in the upper margin.

          Text in Gǝʿǝz ታሪክ፡ ዘሐፄ፡ ፋሲል።

        3. check the viewerFol. 80r

          Written in pencil in the upper margin.

          ( ) Hannes

        4. check the viewerFol. 110r

          A large portion of text, written upside down, has been erased.

        Layout of codicological unit 2

        Layout note 1

        Number of columns: 3

        Number of lines: 25

        H 217mm
        W 221mm
        Margins
        top 41mm
        bottom 39mm
        right 35mm
        left 18mm
        intercolumn 15mm
        (Data on text area and margin dimensions taken from check the viewerfol. .)

        Ms Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 892

        looks ok for measures computed width is: 274mm, object width is: 276mm, computed height is: 297mm and object height is: 303mm.
        Ruling of codicological unit 2
        • Pricking and ruling are visible.

        Palaeography of codicological unit 2

      1. Hand 2

        of codicological unit 2

        Script: Ethiopic

        Somewhat slovenly executed.

        Ink: Black, red.

        Rubrication: Beginnings of sections, parts of numeral and occasional holy names are rubricated.

        Secondary Bibliography of codicological unit 2

        • Wion, A. 2009. ‘Le Liber Aksumae selon le manuscrit Bodleian Bruce 93 : le plus ancien témoin d’un projet historiographique sans cesse réactivé’, Oriens Christianus, 93 (2009), 135–171. page 135
          ZoteroOther citations

          2. Publication Statement

          authority
          Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
          publisher
          Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
          pubPlace
          Hamburg
          availability
          This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.
          date
          type=expanded
          10.10.2022 at 18:43:18
          date
          type=lastModified
          4.5.2022
          idno
          type=collection
          manuscripts
          idno
          type=url
          https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/BDLbruce89/main
          idno
          type=URI
          https://betamasaheft.eu/BDLbruce89
          idno
          type=filename
          BDLbruce89.xml
          idno
          type=ID
          BDLbruce89

        Select one of the keywords listed from the record to see related data

        No keyword selected.
        This page contains RDFa. RDF+XML graph of this resource. Alternate representations available via VoID.
        Permalinks
        Hypothes.is public annotations pointing here

        Use the tag BetMas:BDLbruce89 in your public hypothes.is annotations which refer to this entity.

        CLOSE

        Suggested citation of this record

        Dorothea Reule, Solomon Gebreyes, Eugenia Sokolinski, ʻOxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 89 (encoded from the catalogue)ʼ, in Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2022-05-04) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/BDLbruce89 [Accessed: 2024-12-28]

        To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

        CLOSE

        Revision history

        • Eugenia Sokolinski added EMIP on 4.5.2022
        • Dorothea Reule Updated with codicological information (msparts, collation, foliation, dimensions, layout, condition, extras) during consultation of the manuscript. on 5.2.2020
        • Solomon Gebreyes corrections to fidal on 18.9.2017
        • Dorothea Reule Additions on 8.8.2017
        • Dorothea Reule Added binding description on 26.7.2017
        • Dorothea Reule Created catalogue entry on 12.5.2017
        CLOSE

        Attribution of the content

        Alessandro Bausi, general editor

        Dorothea Reule, editor

        Solomon Gebreyes, contributor

        Eugenia Sokolinski, contributor

        Digitized by the Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project directed by Steve Delamarter.
        This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.