✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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Compare manuscripts which contain We have written a computus that we will remember in order not to congregate with apostates...

They are currently 18.

(1500-1500)
Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 64 (1500-1500)
Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 040 (1700-1700)
Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Weiner Codex 119 (1750-1750)
  • ms_i1 (complete), Psalter (ff. 1r-190r)
Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 074 (1810-1810)
  • ms_i1 (complete), ʾAkkʷateta qʷǝrbān za-qǝddus Hǝryāqos za-hagara Bǝhnǝsā (ff. 1r-24v)
  • ms_i2 (complete), ʾAsmāt-prayer (general record) (ff. 25r-76v)
  • ms_i2.1, Prayers for Monday, ዘሰኑይ፡ (ff. 25r-29r)
  • ms_i2.2, Prayers for Tuesday, ዘሠሉስ፡ (ff. 29r-37v)
  • ms_i2.3, Prayers for Wednesday, ዘረቡዕ፡ (ff. 37v-43v)
  • ms_i2.4, Prayers for Thursday, ዘሐሙስ፡ (ff. 43v-52r)
  • ms_i2.5, Prayers for Friday, ዘዓርብ፡ (ff. 52r-66r)
  • ms_i2.6, Prayers for Saturday, ዘቀዳሚት፡ (ff. 66r-73r)
  • ms_i2.7, Sunday Reading, ዘእሁድ፡ (ff. 73r-73v ff. 76r-76v)
ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 95 (1850-1850)
New Haven, Yale University, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Ethiopic 14 (1850-1850)
  • ms_i1 (complete), We have written a computus that we will remember in order not to congregate with apostates... (ff. 1r-49r)
  • ms_i2, Twenty-eight charts for the calculation of the epact, feast days, and other holy days, each containing 19 columns (ff. 51r-64v)
  • ms_i3, Twenty-eight further charts for the calculation of the epact, feast days, and other holy days, each containing five or six columns (ff. 66r-70v)
  • ms_i4, A chart for the calculation of the time of the day and night, containing 12 columns (ff. 70v-)
  • ms_i5, Two charts, each with seven columns, about the days of the week from Wednesday through Tuesday (ff. 71r-71v)
  • ms_i6, Seven charts, each with nine columns, for the calculation of feast days, especially Easter (ff. 72r-73r)
  • ms_i7, Two charts, each of eight columns, based on the cycle of the years of the Evangelists (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) (ff. 73r-)
  • ms_i8, Four charts, each with five columns, detailing morning, noon and night (columns), for the months (rows) (ff. 73v-)
  • ms_i9, One circular chart, divided into 28 segments, organized around the geography of the known world and the movement of time through the months of the year (ff. 74r-)
  • ms_i10, Two charts, each with nine columns, detailing aspects of each of the months of the year (across the columns) (ff. 74v-)
  • ms_i11, Three circular charts depicting the Half of Heaven (መንፈቀ ሰማይ), arranged according to the cardinal points: West at top, South on the right, East on the bottom, North on the left (ff. 77r-78r)
ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 61 (1900-1900)
Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 140 (1900-1900)
ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 85 (1900-1900)
  • ms_i1, Introduction to the Four Gospels, መቅድመ፡ ወንጌል። (ff. 1r-17r)
  • ms_i2, The Exaltation of the Gospel, መዓርገ፡ ወንጌል፡ (ff. 17r-17v)
  • ms_i3, Harmony of the Gospels regarding washing the feet of the disciples (ff. 18r-18v)
  • ms_i4 (complete), We have written a computus that we will remember in order not to congregate with apostates... (ff. 19r-28v)
  • ms_i5, Book of Ezra (Sutu’el), መጽሐፈ፡ እዝራ፡ ሱቱኤል፡ (ff. 29r-59r)
  • ms_i6, Book of Fisalgos, መጽሐፈ፡ ፊሳልጎስ፡ (ff. 62r-70v)
  • ms_i7, Discussion of the Theological Controversies from Nicaea up to the Unctionist Controversy (ff. 74r-91r)
  • ms_i8, Geneology of the Kings of Ethiopia (ff. 91r-102v)
  • ms_i9, Introduction to the Faith, መቅድመ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ (ff. 107r-124r)
  • ms_i10, Vision of Sinoda, ራዕየ፡ ሲኖዳ፡ (ff. 124r-128r)
(1900-1900)
  • ms_i1 (incomplete), Gǝbra Ḥǝmāmāt (ff. 1r-6v)
  • ms_i2, Halleluiatic hymn to the Trinity. (see , f. 19r (ff. 7r-8r)
  • ms_i3 (complete), Zenā nagaromu la-Śǝllāse (ff. 9r-12r)
  • ms_i4 (incomplete), Sayfa Śǝllāse (ff. 12r-48r)
  • ms_i4.1, Monday (f. 12r)
  • ms_i4.2, Tuesday (f. 17v)
  • ms_i4.3, Wednesday (f. 22v)
  • ms_i4.4, Thursday (f. 26v)
  • ms_i4.5, Friday (f. 33v)
  • ms_i4.6, Saturday (f. 37r)
  • ms_i4.7, Sunday (f. 40r)
  • ms_i5 (complete), Malkǝʾa Śǝllāse (ff. 49r-56r)
Portland, OR, Steven Delamarter Collection, Delamarter Codex 8 (1900-1900)
Portland, OR, Steven Delamarter Collection, Delamarter Codex 8 (1900-1900)
Belmont, MA, Alwan Collection, Alwan Codex 1 (1900-1900)
ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 85 (1900-1900)
  • ms_i1, Introduction to the Four Gospels, መቅድመ፡ ወንጌል። (ff. 1r-17r)
  • ms_i2, The Exaltation of the Gospel, መዓርገ፡ ወንጌል፡ (ff. 17r-17v)
  • ms_i3, Harmony of the Gospels regarding washing the feet of the disciples (ff. 18r-18v)
  • ms_i4 (complete), We have written a computus that we will remember in order not to congregate with apostates... (ff. 19r-28v)
  • ms_i5, Book of Ezra (Sutu’el), መጽሐፈ፡ እዝራ፡ ሱቱኤል፡ (ff. 29r-59r)
  • ms_i6, Book of Fisalgos, መጽሐፈ፡ ፊሳልጎስ፡ (ff. 62r-70v)
  • ms_i7, Discussion of the Theological Controversies from Nicaea up to the Unctionist Controversy (ff. 74r-91r)
  • ms_i8, Geneology of the Kings of Ethiopia (ff. 91r-102v)
  • ms_i9, Introduction to the Faith, መቅድመ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ (ff. 107r-124r)
  • ms_i10, Vision of Sinoda, ራዕየ፡ ሲኖዳ፡ (ff. 124r-128r)
Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 021 (1900-1900)
  • ms_i1 (complete), Psalter (ff. 1r-141v)
ʾAddis ʾAbabā, Capuchin Center for Research and Retreat, 27 (1962-1962)
  • ms_i1 (complete), We have written a computus that we will remember in order not to congregate with apostates... (ff. 1r-140v)
  • ms_i1.1, Table of Contents of Abušahǝr, አቡሻኽር፡.. (ff. 1r-3r)
  • ms_i1.2, Section 1, On the debate about Christian feast days (ff. 3r-3v)
  • ms_i1.3, Section 2, On the calculations of the Arabs (ff. 3v-4r)
  • ms_i1.4, Section 3, On the calculations of the Jews (ff. 4r-4v)
  • ms_i1.5, Section 4, The division of year and months (ff. 4v-5r)
  • ms_i1.6, Section 5, On the calculations of the Greeks (ff. 5r-5v)
  • ms_i1.7, Section 6, On the calculations of the Romans and Europeans (Afǝrng) (ff. 5v-6v)
  • ms_i1.8, Section 7, On the calculations of the Persians (ff. 6v-)
  • ms_i1.9, Section 8, On the calculations of the Egyptians (ff. 6v-7v)
  • ms_i1.10, Section 9, On the five foundations of the Computus (ff. 7v-8r)
  • ms_i1.11, Section 10, On calculating the days (ff. 8r-)
  • ms_i1.12, Section 11, On calculating years (ff. 8r-10r)
  • ms_i1.13, Section 12, About day and night, which is first? (ff. 10r-11r)
  • ms_i1.14, Section 13, About the moon (ff. 11r-12v)
  • ms_i1.15, Section 14, On the day on which creation started (ff. 12v-15v)
  • ms_i1.16, Section 15, On the day we begin the calculation of the days, i.e., Sunday (ff. 15v-16r)
  • ms_i1.17, Section 16, On the number of days since the creation of the world (ff. 16r-16v)
  • ms_i1.18, Section 17, Computing the Epochs, i.e., the divisions of history (ff. 16v-17r)
  • ms_i1.19, Section 18, Computing the events of the life of Christ (ff. 17r-17v)
  • ms_i1.20, Section 19, Computing the flood, the Exodus of Israel from Egypt, the entrance of the Israelites into the promised land, the foundation of Solomon’s Temple, the return from exile, the coming of Ezra the scribe, the foundation of the second temple, and the destruction of the second temple by Titus (ff. 17v-21r)
  • ms_i1.21, Section 20, On the Sabbaths which were prophesied by Daniel and the coming of the Christ and his crucifixion (ff. 21r-27v)
  • ms_i1.22, Section 21, On the years of Christ on earth (ff. 27v-28r)
  • ms_i1.23, Section 22, On the days of the birth of Christ and the baptism of Christ (ff. 28r-)
  • ms_i1.24, Section 23, Calculating the epact of the sun (ff. 28r-29r)
  • ms_i1.25, Section 24, Calculating the historical epoch with the epact of the sun (ff. 29r-30r)
  • ms_i1.26, Section 25, On the lunar epact (ff. 30r-30v)
  • ms_i1.27, Section 26, Calculating the historical epoch with the lunar epact (ff. 30v-31r)
  • ms_i1.28, Section 27, On the Easter of the Christians and the Passover of the Jews (ff. 31r-31v)
  • ms_i1.29, Section 28, Calculating the epact in the Syrian calendar (ff. 31v-32v)
  • ms_i1.30, Section 29, Calculating the epact of the Roman calendar (ff. 32v-33r)
  • ms_i1.31, Section 30, Computus of Said Wäldä Bäṭriq, on the epact of the Roman calendar, the Passover of the Jews, and the Easter of Christians (ff. 33r-33v)
  • ms_i1.32, On the calculation of the forty days of Lent (ff. 33v-36r)
  • ms_i1.33, Section 32, On the calculation of the cycle of the years, called “years of Bäryudǝsat.” (ff. 36r-)
  • ms_i1.34, Section 33, On the calculation of the Jewish years (ff. 36r-39v)
  • ms_i1.35, Section 34, On the calculation of the days of the month (ff. 40r-41r)
  • ms_i1.36, Section 35, On the calculation of the calendar of the wise man (ff. 41r-41v)
  • ms_i1.37, Section 36, On the calculation of the remaining years and days left over from the intercalation of the solar and lunar cycles (ff. 41v-42v)
  • ms_i1.38, Section 37, On the calculation of the days of the lunar cycle (ff. 42v-43v)
  • ms_i1.39, Section 38, The canon of the Christian feast days (ff. 44r-48v)
  • ms_i1.40, Section 39, On the feast day of the Nativity (ff. 48v-56v)
  • ms_i1.41, Section 40, On the calculation of Easter (ff. 56v-58v)
  • ms_i1.42, Section 41, On the calculation of the Jewish Passover related to Easter (ff. 59r-59v)
  • ms_i1.43, Section 42, On the debate over the date of Easter (ff. 59v-61r)
  • ms_i1.44, Section 43, On the debate over the date of Easter through history (ff. 61r-63v)
  • ms_i1.45, Section 44, On the error of Abba Marqos Wäldä Qämär (ff. 63v-67v)
  • ms_i1.46, Section 45, The differences of the cycle of the year in various calendars (ff. 67v-68r)
  • ms_i1.47, Section 47, The agreements of the cycle of the year in various calendars (ff. 68r-68v)
  • ms_i1.48, Section 48, On computing from Adam to the present (ff. 68v-)
  • ms_i1.49, Section 52, Patriarchal names from Adam to Abraham (ff. 110v-112v)
  • ms_i1.50, Section 53[a], The debate over the Computus of the Europeans and Syrians (ff. 112v-114v)
  • ms_i1.51, Section 53[b], The error of calculation of the followers of Said Wäldä Bäṭriq (ff. 114v-121v)
  • ms_i1.52, section 50. List of the names of the Egyptian Patriarchs (ff. 121v-140v)
Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 073 (-)
  • ms_i1 (complete), We have written a computus that we will remember in order not to congregate with apostates... (ff. 1r-29v)
  • ms_i1.1, Introduction, መቅድም። (ff. 1r-10v)
  • ms_i1.2, Computus of the feast and fast days of the Gospel, በዓላተ፡ ወንጌል፡ አጽዋማተ፡ ወንጌል፡ (ff. 10v-15r)
  • ms_i1.3, Computus of Old Testament, በዓላተ፡ ኦሪት፡ አጽዋማተ፡ ኦሪት፡ (ff. 15v-20v)
  • ms_i1.4, On hours of day and night, በእንተ፡ ሰዓታተ፡ መዓልት፡ ወሌሊት፡ (ff. 20v-23v)
  • ms_i1.5, On the Beginning of Fast days, በአተ፡ ጾም፡ (ff. 23v-29v)
  • ms_i2 (complete), ʾAmmǝstu ʾaʿǝmāda mǝśṭir (ff. 30r-37r)
  • ms_i3 (complete), Śǝna fǝṭrat (General record) (ff. 37v-40r)
  • ms_i4, Homily on Benefits for all, ለሁሉ፡ የሚጠቅም፡ ነገረ፡ ምዕዳን፡ (ff. 40r-41r)
  • ms_i5, On the burial of the faithful, በእንተ፡ እለ፡ ኖሙ፡ በርትዕት፡ ሃይማኖት፡ (ff. 41r-44r)