✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

Explore this page
Do you want to notify us of an error, please do so by writing an issue in our GitHub repository (click the envelope for a precomiled one).
On small screens, will show a navigation bar on the leftOpen Item Navigation
Edit Not sure how to do this? Have a look at the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines!
Hide pointersClick here to hide or show again the little arrows and small left pointing hands in this page.
Hide relatedClick here to hide or show again the right side of the content area, where related items and keywords are shown.
EntryMain Entry
TEI/XMLDownload an enriched TEI file with explicit URIs bibliography from Zotero API.
SyntaxeSee graphs of the information available. If the manuscript contains relevant information, then you will see visualizations based on La Syntaxe du Codex, by Andrist, Canart and Maniaci.
RelationsFurther visualization of relational information
TranscriptionTranscription (as available). Do you have a transcription you want to contribute? Contact us or click on EDIT and submit your contribution.
Request Images from Ethio-SPaReSend an email to Ethio-SPaRe Project leader to request to make the images of this manuscript available here.

Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-023

Magdalena Krzyzanowska (cataloguer), Denis Nosnitsin

This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the Catalogue Bibliography

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/ESdd023
Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi[view repository]

Collection: Ethio-SPaRe

Places IndexPersons IndexGeneralDescriptionPhysical DescriptionCatalogueAuthors

General description

Wǝddāse ʾAmlāk “Praise of God”

Number of Text units: 2

Number of Codicological units: 1

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Origin

Original Location: Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi↗

18th cent.

Summary

I) Wǝddāse ʾAmlāk “Praise of God” (fols. 2ra-154ra) I-1) Monday’s prayer of Basil of Caesarea (fols. 2ra-19va) I-2) Tuesday’s prayer of Efrem the Syrian (fols. 19vb-45rb) I-3) Wednesday’s prayer of Efrem the Syrian (fols. 45rb-66rb) I-4) Thursday’s prayer of John Saba (ʾAragāwi Manfasawi) (fols. 66va-92vb) I-5) Friday’s prayer of Shenute (93ra-103ra) and Pachomius (fols. 103ra-112vb) I-6) Saturday’s prayer of Athanasius of Alexandria (fols. 112vb-128vb) I-7) Sunday’s prayer of Cyril of Alexandria (fols. 128va-146rb) I-8) Ṣalota Fäläskinos za-hagärä Mǝnbužǝr “Prayer of Philoxenus of the Town of Mabbug" (fols. 146va-154ra) Additio 1.
  1. ms_i1 (),
  2. ms_i2 (),

Contents

Incipit ( ):

Explicit ( ):

()
(Text VIII contains prayers ascribed to Philoxenus of Mabbogh whose name is spelled Fäläskinos of Mänbužir.) (Each Text is divided into chapters (mǝʾǝraf)(s. also Ms.QQM-002"Other details").)

Additions In this unit there are in total 1 .

  1. check the viewerf. 1v

    : Donation or acquisition note (?).

    ( The note is washed out and hardly legible. )

Extras

  1. check the viewer1rv check the viewer1v check the viewer30rb check the viewer17ra check the viewer2ra

    - , 154rv, 155rv: Writing exercises (excerpts from the Ethiopic syllabary). - : Traces of a prayer beginning with words ይትባረክ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላከ፡ እስራኤል፡... which was washed out. - , 30vb, 36vb, 37rab, 41rb, 42rb: Corrections written over erasures, in a secondary, fine hand. - , 62rb, 71vb, 81vb, 92vb, 112vb, 113va, 128v: Erasures. - , 11ra, 11va, 16rv, 19rb, 19vb, 21ra, 23vb, 31vb, 32ra, 32va, 33vb, 40ra, 40va, 41vb, 42ra, 44rab, 45rb, 46rb, 46va, 47ra, 48vab, 53va, 65rb, 66rb, 66va, 72va, 91ra, 92rab, 92vab, 93ra, 96vab, 100vb, 103ra, 112vb, 131vab, 153ra: Names of the original donors erased.

  2. (Type: findingAid)

    - A thread is inserted in the right upper corner of fols. 2, 66, 112 and 128, for navigation in the text. - Daily readings are indicated by the names of the days of the week written in the upper margin of every other folio throughout the Ms. (and the title Fäläskinos for Text I-8).

Catalogue Bibliography

This manuscript has no restorations.

Physical Description

Form of support

Parchment Codex

Extent

Made of 155.0 (leaf) .Entered as 155.0 folios, in 17.0 (quire) .Entered as 17.0 quires (A + 16). 210 196 70
Outer dimensions
Height 210
Width 196
Depth 70

Foliation

Quire Structure Collation

Position Number Leaves Quires Description
1 1 No image availableFol. 1r A(1; s.l.: 1 stub after 1/fol. 1rv)
2 10 No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 2r–11v I(10/fols. 2r-11v)
3 10 No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 12r–21v II(10/fols. 12r-21v)
4 10 No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 22r–31v III(10/fols. 22r-31v)
5 10 No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 32r–41v IV(10/fols. 32r-41v)
6 10 No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 42r–51v V(10; s.l.: 8 stub after 2, 3 stub after 7/fols. 42r-51v)
7 10 No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 52r–61v ፯VI(10/fols. 52r-61v)
8 10 No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 62r–71v ፯VII(10/fols. 62r-71v)
9 10 No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 72r–81v ፰VIII(10/fols. 72r-81v)
10 10 No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 82r–91v ፱IX(10/fols. 82r-91v)
11 10 No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 92r–101v ፲X(10; s.l.: 8 stub after 2, 3 stub after 7/fols. 92r-101v)
12 10 No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 102r–111v ፩XI(10; s.l.: 8 stub after 2, 3 stub after 7/fols. 102r-111v)
13 10 No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 112r–121v ፪XII(10/fols. 112r-121v)
14 10 No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 122r–131v ፲፫XIII(10/122r-131v)
15 10 No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 132r–141v ፲፬XIV(10/fols. 132r-141v)
16 10 No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 142r–151v ፲፭XV(10/fols. 142r-151v)
17 4 No image availableFols 152r–155v XVI(4; s.l.: 2 stub before 4, 3 stub after 3/fols. 152r-155v)

Collation diagrams


A(1; s.l.: 1 stub after 1/fol. 1rv)
Quire ID:q1
Collation diagram Quire 1 1 Unit #1

I(10/fols. 2r-11v)
Quire ID:q2
Collation diagram Quire 2 2 11 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

II(10/fols. 12r-21v)
Quire ID:q3
Collation diagram Quire 3 12 21 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

III(10/fols. 22r-31v)
Quire ID:q4
Collation diagram Quire 4 22 31 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

IV(10/fols. 32r-41v)
Quire ID:q5
Collation diagram Quire 5 32 41 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

V(10; s.l.: 8 stub after 2, 3 stub after 7/fols. 42r-51v)
Quire ID:q6
Collation diagram Quire 6 42 51 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5 Unit #6

፯VI(10/fols. 52r-61v)
Quire ID:q7
Collation diagram Quire 7 52 61 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

፯VII(10/fols. 62r-71v)
Quire ID:q8
Collation diagram Quire 8 62 71 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

፰VIII(10/fols. 72r-81v)
Quire ID:q9
Collation diagram Quire 9 72 81 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

፱IX(10/fols. 82r-91v)
Quire ID:q10
Collation diagram Quire 10 82 91 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

፲X(10; s.l.: 8 stub after 2, 3 stub after 7/fols. 92r-101v)
Quire ID:q11
Collation diagram Quire 11 92 101 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5 Unit #6

፩XI(10; s.l.: 8 stub after 2, 3 stub after 7/fols. 102r-111v)
Quire ID:q12
Collation diagram Quire 12 102 111 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5 Unit #6

፪XII(10/fols. 112r-121v)
Quire ID:q13
Collation diagram Quire 13 112 121 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

፲፫XIII(10/122r-131v)
Quire ID:q14
Collation diagram Quire 14 122 131 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

፲፬XIV(10/fols. 132r-141v)
Quire ID:q15
Collation diagram Quire 15 132 141 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

፲፭XV(10/fols. 142r-151v)
Quire ID:q16
Collation diagram Quire 16 142 151 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

XVI(4; s.l.: 2 stub before 4, 3 stub after 3/fols. 152r-155v)
Quire ID:q17
Collation diagram Quire 17 152 155 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3

Ethio-SPaRe formula : I(0+1/s.l. 1 stub after 1/No image availableFol. 1r) – II(10/No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 2r–11v) – III(10/No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 12r–21v) – IV(10/No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 22r–31v) – V(10/No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 32r–41v) – VI(8+2/s.l. 8 stub after 2; s.l. 3 stub after 7/No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 42r–51v) – VII(10/No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 52r–61v) – VIII(10/No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 62r–71v) – IX(10/No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 72r–81v) – X(10/No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 82r–91v) – XI(8+2/s.l. 8 stub after 2; s.l. 3 stub after 7/No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 92r–101v) – XII(8+2/s.l. 8 stub after 2; s.l. 3 stub after 7/No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 102r–111v) – XIII(10/No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 112r–121v) – XIV(10/No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 122r–131v) – XV(10/No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 132r–141v) – XVI(10/No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 142r–151v) – XVII(2+2/s.l. 2 stub before 4; s.l. 3 stub after 3/No image availableFols 152r–155v) –

Formula: No image availableFol. 1r A(1; s.l.: 1 stub after 1/fol. 1rv) ; No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 2r–11v I(10/fols. 2r-11v) ; No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 12r–21v II(10/fols. 12r-21v) ; No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 22r–31v III(10/fols. 22r-31v) ; No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 32r–41v IV(10/fols. 32r-41v) ; No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 42r–51v V(10; s.l.: 8 stub after 2, 3 stub after 7/fols. 42r-51v) ; No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 52r–61v ፯VI(10/fols. 52r-61v) ; No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 62r–71v ፯VII(10/fols. 62r-71v) ; No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 72r–81v ፰VIII(10/fols. 72r-81v) ; No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 82r–91v ፱IX(10/fols. 82r-91v) ; No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 92r–101v ፲X(10; s.l.: 8 stub after 2, 3 stub after 7/fols. 92r-101v) ; No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 102r–111v ፩XI(10; s.l.: 8 stub after 2, 3 stub after 7/fols. 102r-111v) ; No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 112r–121v ፪XII(10/fols. 112r-121v) ; No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 122r–131v ፲፫XIII(10/122r-131v) ; No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 132r–141v ፲፬XIV(10/fols. 132r-141v) ; No image availableFols. 10, No image availableFols 142r–151v ፲፭XV(10/fols. 142r-151v) ; No image availableFols 152r–155v XVI(4; s.l.: 2 stub before 4, 3 stub after 3/fols. 152r-155v);

Formula 1: 1 (), 2 (10), 3 (10), 4 (10), 5 (10), 6 (10), 7 (10), 8 (10), 9 (10), 10 (10), 11 (10), 12 (10), 13 (10), 14 (10), 15 (10), 16 (10), 17 (4),

Formula 2: 1 (), 2 (10), 3 (10), 4 (10), 5 (10), 6 (10), 7 (10), 8 (10), 9 (10), 10 (10), 11 (10), 12 (10), 13 (10), 14 (10), 15 (10), 16 (10), 17 (4),

State of preservation

good

Condition

The leather cover is torn along the upper edge of the front board, for the most part detached from the board. A part of the leather cover is missing; a piece of newspaper is glued on the front board. The tailband is partly torn off. Both boards are damaged by insects. Some fols. are affected by water.

Binding

Two wooden boards covered with dark brown tooled leather (partly missing); textile inlays. Two pairs of sewing stations.

Binding decoration

Two pairs of chains of endband stitches (or their traces) at the spine cover.

Binding material

wood

leather

textile

Original binding

Yes

Layout

Layout note 1

Number of columns: 2

Number of lines: 18

H 135mm
W 150mm
Intercolumn 12mm
Margins
top 30
bottom 45
right 30
left 10
intercolumn 12
()

Ms Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-023 main part

looks ok for measures computed width is: 190mm, object width is: 196mm, computed height is: 210mm and object height is: 210mm.

Layout note 1

Ruling
  • (Subtype: pattern) Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.
  • The upper line is written above the ruling.
  • The bottom line is written above the ruling.
Pricking
  • Pricking and ruling are visible.
  • Primary pricks are visible.
  • Ruling pricks are visible.
  • Structural pricks are partly visible.

Palaeography

  • Hand 1

    Script: Ethiopic

    Fine and careful.

    Ink: Black, red, crimson.

    Rubrication: Nomina sacra; names of the donors; 1st, 3rd and 5th line of the incipit of each text (occasionally in both columns); Ethiopic numerals and the first two lines of the chapters; first two lines of the final prayers of each text and the supplication prayers of Text VII; names of the days of the week written in the upper margin throughout the Ms. and the name Fäläskinos (fols. 146v, 147r, 149r, 151r); the word mǝʾǝraf “chapter”; elements of the punctuation signs and Ethiopic numerals.

    Date: Late 18th cent.

    Late 18th cent.

      • Publication Statement

      authority
      Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
      pubPlace
      Hamburg
      publisher
      Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
      availability

      This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.

      date
      2016-06-07T17:38:11.42+02:00
      date
      type=expanded
      16.12.2024 at 13:20:15
      date
      type=lastModified
      10.5.2016
      idno
      type=collection
      manuscripts
      idno
      type=url
      https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESdd023/main
      idno
      type=URI
      https://betamasaheft.eu/ESdd023
      idno
      type=filename
      ESdd023.xml
      idno
      type=ID
      ESdd023

    Select one of the keywords listed from the record to see related data

    No keyword selected.
    This page contains RDFa. RDF+XML graph of this resource. Alternate representations available via VoID.
    Permalinks
    Hypothes.is public annotations pointing here

    Use the tag BetMas:ESdd023 in your public hypothes.is annotations which refer to this entity.

    CLOSE

    Suggested citation of this record

    Magdalena Krzyzanowska, Denis Nosnitsin, Pietro Maria Liuzzo, ʻBǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-023 (encoded from the catalogue)ʼ, in Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2016-05-10) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESdd023 [Accessed: 2024-12-29]

    To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

    CLOSE

    Revision history

    • Pietro Maria Liuzzo transformed from mycore to TEI P5 on 10.5.2016
    • Denis Nosnitsin last edited in Ethio-SPaRe on 10.11.2014
    • Magdalena Krzyzanowska catalogued in Ethio-SPaRe on 8.2.2012
    • Ethio-SPaRe team photographed the manuscript on 23.11.2010
    CLOSE

    Attribution of the content

    Alessandro Bausi, general editor

    Magdalena Krzyzanowska, editor

    Denis Nosnitsin, editor

    Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.