✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

Explore this page
Do you want to notify us of an error, please do so by writing an issue in our GitHub repository (click the envelope for a precomiled one).
On small screens, will show a navigation bar on the leftOpen Item Navigation
Edit Not sure how to do this? Have a look at the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines!
Hide pointersClick here to hide or show again the little arrows and small left pointing hands in this page.
Hide relatedClick here to hide or show again the right side of the content area, where related items and keywords are shown.
EntryMain Entry
TEI/XMLDownload an enriched TEI file with explicit URIs bibliography from Zotero API.
SyntaxeSee graphs of the information available. If the manuscript contains relevant information, then you will see visualizations based on La Syntaxe du Codex, by Andrist, Canart and Maniaci.
RelationsFurther visualization of relational information
TranscriptionTranscription (as available). Do you have a transcription you want to contribute? Contact us or click on EDIT and submit your contribution.
ImagesManuscript images in the Mirador viewer via IIIF

Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-008

Abreham Adugna (cataloguer), Denis Nosnitsin

This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the Catalogue Bibliography

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/ESdd008
Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi[view repository]

Collection: Ethio-SPaRe

Other identifiers: C3-IV-266, 312

Places IndexGeneralDescriptionPhysical DescriptionCatalogueAuthors

General description

Hāymānota ʾabaw “Faith of the Fathers” / Maṣḥafa ṭomār “Book of the Letter (from Heaven)”

Number of Text units: 4

Number of Codicological units: 1

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Origin

Original Location: Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi↗

1700-1800

Provenance

The name Walda Ḥǝywat is written over an erasure on check the viewer40rb .

Summary

I) Haymanotä ʾabaw “Faith of the Fathers” (fols. 2r-154vc) - Table of contents (fols. 154vc-155va). II) Maṣḥafa ṭomār “Book of the Letter” (from Heaven)” (155va-157vb) Additio 1.
  1. ms_i1 (), Hāymānota ʾabaw with Maṣḥafa ṭomār
    1. ms_i1.1 (check the viewerFols 2r–154vc ), Haymanotä ʾabaw “Faith of the Fathers”
      1. ms_i1.1.1 (check the viewer154vc-155va ), Table of contents
    2. ms_i1.2 (check the viewer155va-157vb ), Maṣḥafa ṭomār “Book of the Letter (from Heaven)”

Contents

Hāymānota ʾabaw with Maṣḥafa ṭomār (CAe 5769)

Additions In this unit there are in total .

  1. check the viewerf. 157vc-158rc

    A letter from Metropolitan Peter to the community of Dabra Dāmmo.

    ( gez ) መልእክት፡ ዘፈነዋ፡ ጴጥሮስ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ዘመንግሥተ፡ ኢትዮጵያ፡ ገብሩ፡ ወሐዋርያሁ፡ ለክርስቶስ፡ ወልዱ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ማርቆስ፡ ወንጌላዊ፡ ትብጻሕ፡ ኀበ፡ ውሉዱየ[sic]፡ ፍቁራንየ፡ ቡሩካን፡ ወቅዱሳን፡ ማኅበረ፡ ደብረ፡ ዳሞ፡ …

    ( en ) A letter sent by Peter, the metropolitan of the kingdom of Ethiopia, the servant and Apostle of Christ, the son of St Luke the Apostle, may it reach to my beloved children, the blessed and the holy community of Dabra Damo …

    ( The introduction in Gǝʿǝz and the main body in Amharic. The letter could be written by Ṗeṭros IV, who arrived in Ethiopia in 1881 during the reign of Yoḥannǝs IV. )

Extras

  1. check the viewer2r

    Shelfmark C3-IV-266 ()

  2. check the viewer1r

    Shelfmark 312 ()

  3. check the viewer1r check the viewer18vc check the viewer40rb

    - The title of the Ms. and the internal number of the monastic library, 312, are written on . - Corrections: , 19ra, 113vb. - The original name was erased and replaced by another names on .

Catalogue Bibliography

This manuscript has no restorations.

Physical Description

Form of support

Parchment Codex

Extent

Made of 158.0 (leaf) , Entered as 158.0 folios, of which 2.0 (leaf, blank) .Entered as 2.0 blank 1r, 158v, in 20.0 (quire) .Entered as 20.0 quires . 346 345 65
Outer dimensions
Height 346
Width 345
Depth 65

Foliation

Foliated by the Ethio-SPaRe team

Quire Structure Collation

Signatures: Decorated - Decorated quire marks: No image available1r, 9v, 10r, 17v, 18r, 25v, 26r, 33v, 34r, 41v, 42r, 49v, 50r, 57v, 58r, 65v, 66r, 73v, 74r, 81v, 82r, 87v, 88r, 95v, 96r, 103v, 104r, 111v, 112r, 119v, 120r, 127v, 128r, 135v, 136r, 143v, 144r, 152r.

Position Number Leaves Quires Description
1 9 No image availableFols 1r–9v ፩I(9; s.l.: 1, stub after 9/fols. 1r-9v)
2 8 No image availableFols 10r–17v ፪II(8/fols. 10r-17v)
3 8 No image availableFols 18r–25v ፫III(8/fols. 18r-25v)
4 8 No image availableFols 26r–33v ፬IV(8/fols. 26r-33v)
5 8 No image availableFols 34r–41v ፭V(8/fols. 34r-41v)
6 8 No image availableFols 42r–49v ፯VI(8/fols. 42r-49v)
7 8 No image availableFols 50r–57v ፯VII(8/fols. 50r-57v)
8 8 No image availableFols 58r–65v ፰VIII(8/fols. 58r-65v)
9 8 No image availableFols 66r–73v ፱IX(8/fols. 66r-73v)
10 8 No image availableFols 74r–81v ፲X(8/fols. 74r-81v)
11 6 No image availableFols 82r–87v ፲፩XI(6/fols. 82r-87v)
12 8 No image availableFols 88r–95v ፲፪XII(8/fols. 88r-95v)
13 8 No image availableFols 96r–103v ፲፫XIII(8/fols. 96r-103v)
14 8 No image availableFols 104r–111v ፲፬XIV(8/fols. 104r-111v)
15 8 No image availableFols 112r–119v ፲፭XV(8/fols. 112r-119v)
16 8 No image availableFols 120r–127v ፲፯XVI(8/fols. 120r-127v)
17 8 No image availableFols 128r–135v ፲፯XVII(8/fols. 128r-135v)
18 8 No image availableFols 136r–143v ፲፰XVIII(8/fols. 136r-143v)
19 8 No image availableFols 144r–151v ፲፱XIX(8/fols. 144r-151v)
20 7 No image availableFols 152r–158v ፳XX(7; s.l.: 1, stub after 7/fols. 152r-158v).

Collation diagrams


፩I(9; s.l.: 1, stub after 9/fols. 1r-9v)
Quire ID:q1
Collation diagram Quire 1 1 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

፪II(8/fols. 10r-17v)
Quire ID:q2
Collation diagram Quire 2 10 17 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፫III(8/fols. 18r-25v)
Quire ID:q3
Collation diagram Quire 3 18 25 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፬IV(8/fols. 26r-33v)
Quire ID:q4
Collation diagram Quire 4 26 33 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፭V(8/fols. 34r-41v)
Quire ID:q5
Collation diagram Quire 5 34 41 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፯VI(8/fols. 42r-49v)
Quire ID:q6
Collation diagram Quire 6 42 49 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፯VII(8/fols. 50r-57v)
Quire ID:q7
Collation diagram Quire 7 50 57 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፰VIII(8/fols. 58r-65v)
Quire ID:q8
Collation diagram Quire 8 58 65 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፱IX(8/fols. 66r-73v)
Quire ID:q9
Collation diagram Quire 9 66 73 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲X(8/fols. 74r-81v)
Quire ID:q10
Collation diagram Quire 10 74 81 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲፩XI(6/fols. 82r-87v)
Quire ID:q11
Collation diagram Quire 11 82 87 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3

፲፪XII(8/fols. 88r-95v)
Quire ID:q12
Collation diagram Quire 12 88 95 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲፫XIII(8/fols. 96r-103v)
Quire ID:q13
Collation diagram Quire 13 96 103 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲፬XIV(8/fols. 104r-111v)
Quire ID:q14
Collation diagram Quire 14 104 111 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲፭XV(8/fols. 112r-119v)
Quire ID:q15
Collation diagram Quire 15 112 119 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲፯XVI(8/fols. 120r-127v)
Quire ID:q16
Collation diagram Quire 16 120 127 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲፯XVII(8/fols. 128r-135v)
Quire ID:q17
Collation diagram Quire 17 128 135 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲፰XVIII(8/fols. 136r-143v)
Quire ID:q18
Collation diagram Quire 18 136 143 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲፱XIX(8/fols. 144r-151v)
Quire ID:q19
Collation diagram Quire 19 144 151 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፳XX(7; s.l.: 1, stub after 7/fols. 152r-158v).
Quire ID:q20
Collation diagram Quire 20 152 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

Ethio-SPaRe formula : I(8+1/s.l. 1, stub after 9/No image availableFols 1r–9v) – II(8/No image availableFols 10r–17v) – III(8/No image availableFols 18r–25v) – IV(8/No image availableFols 26r–33v) – V(8/No image availableFols 34r–41v) – VI(8/No image availableFols 42r–49v) – VII(8/No image availableFols 50r–57v) – VIII(8/No image availableFols 58r–65v) – IX(8/No image availableFols 66r–73v) – X(8/No image availableFols 74r–81v) – XI(6/No image availableFols 82r–87v) – XII(8/No image availableFols 88r–95v) – XIII(8/No image availableFols 96r–103v) – XIV(8/No image availableFols 104r–111v) – XV(8/No image availableFols 112r–119v) – XVI(8/No image availableFols 120r–127v) – XVII(8/No image availableFols 128r–135v) – XVIII(8/No image availableFols 136r–143v) – XIX(8/No image availableFols 144r–151v) – XX(6+1/s.l. 1, stub after 7/No image availableFols 152r–158v) –

Formula: No image availableFols 1r–9v ፩I(9; s.l.: 1, stub after 9/fols. 1r-9v) ; No image availableFols 10r–17v ፪II(8/fols. 10r-17v) ; No image availableFols 18r–25v ፫III(8/fols. 18r-25v) ; No image availableFols 26r–33v ፬IV(8/fols. 26r-33v) ; No image availableFols 34r–41v ፭V(8/fols. 34r-41v) ; No image availableFols 42r–49v ፯VI(8/fols. 42r-49v) ; No image availableFols 50r–57v ፯VII(8/fols. 50r-57v) ; No image availableFols 58r–65v ፰VIII(8/fols. 58r-65v) ; No image availableFols 66r–73v ፱IX(8/fols. 66r-73v) ; No image availableFols 74r–81v ፲X(8/fols. 74r-81v) ; No image availableFols 82r–87v ፲፩XI(6/fols. 82r-87v) ; No image availableFols 88r–95v ፲፪XII(8/fols. 88r-95v) ; No image availableFols 96r–103v ፲፫XIII(8/fols. 96r-103v) ; No image availableFols 104r–111v ፲፬XIV(8/fols. 104r-111v) ; No image availableFols 112r–119v ፲፭XV(8/fols. 112r-119v) ; No image availableFols 120r–127v ፲፯XVI(8/fols. 120r-127v) ; No image availableFols 128r–135v ፲፯XVII(8/fols. 128r-135v) ; No image availableFols 136r–143v ፲፰XVIII(8/fols. 136r-143v) ; No image availableFols 144r–151v ፲፱XIX(8/fols. 144r-151v) ; No image availableFols 152r–158v ፳XX(7; s.l.: 1, stub after 7/fols. 152r-158v).;

Formula 1: 1 (), 2 (8), 3 (8), 4 (8), 5 (8), 6 (8), 7 (8), 8 (8), 9 (8), 10 (8), 11 (6), 12 (8), 13 (8), 14 (8), 15 (8), 16 (8), 17 (8), 18 (8), 19 (8), 20 (),

Formula 2: 1 (), 2 (8), 3 (8), 4 (8), 5 (8), 6 (8), 7 (8), 8 (8), 9 (8), 10 (8), 11 (6), 12 (8), 13 (8), 14 (8), 15 (8), 16 (8), 17 (8), 18 (8), 19 (8), 20 (),

State of preservation

good

Condition

The spine cover is slightly torn off.

Binding

Two wooden boards covered with brown tooled leather. Two pairs of sewing stations.

Binding decoration

One pair of rows of endband stitches through the spine cover, close to the head of the Ms.

Binding material

wood

leather

Original binding

Yes

Layout

Layout note 1

Number of columns: 3

Number of lines: 30

H 244mm
W 75mm
Intercolumn 14mm
Margins
top 55
bottom 65
right 45
left 20
intercolumn 14
(All data for check the viewer3r )

Ms Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-008 main part

has a sum of layout height of 364mm which is greater than the object height of 346mm

Layout note 1

Ruling
  • (Subtype: pattern) Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.
  • The upper line is written above the ruling.
  • The bottom line is written above the ruling.
Pricking
  • Ruling and pricking are visible.
  • Primary pricks are visible.
  • Ruling pricks are visible.
  • Structural pricks are partly visible.

Palaeography

  • Hand 1

    Script: Ethiopic

    Mediocre

    Ink: Black, red (strong red)

    Rubrication: Holy names; names of the donors and members of their families; a few lines in the incipit page, alternating with black lines; two initial lines of each sub-section of the text; elements of punctuation signs; elements of Ethiopic numerals; some words like fǝkkāre (e.g., fols. 142vc, 143ra, 143va), kǝfl (e.g., fols. 147vb, 148vc, 149ra), tǝʾǝzaz (fols. 154rc, 154vc), rabʿ (fols. 154rc), etc.

    Date: 18th century

    check the viewer2r-44vb and 55vb-57vb 18th century

    Abbreviations

  • ማርያ(- - -) for ማርያም (check the viewer24vc , 148rb)
  • ፍካ(- - -) for ፍካሬ (check the viewer143va )
  • ክፍ(- - -) for ክፍል (check the viewer149va , 155ra)
  • ትእዛ(- - -) for ትእዛዝ (check the viewer154rc )

  • Hand 2

    Script: Ethiopic

    check the viewerFols 44vb–55vb

    • Keywords

    Theology

      Publication Statement

      authority
      Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
      pubPlace
      Hamburg
      publisher
      Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
      availability
      This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.
      date
      type=expanded
      16.12.2024 at 13:20:15
      date
      type=lastModified
      19.2.2024
      idno
      type=collection
      manuscripts
      idno
      type=url
      https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESdd008/main
      idno
      type=URI
      https://betamasaheft.eu/ESdd008
      idno
      type=filename
      ESdd008.xml
      idno
      type=ID
      ESdd008

    Select one of the keywords listed from the record to see related data

    No keyword selected.
    This page contains RDFa. RDF+XML graph of this resource. Alternate representations available via VoID.
    Permalinks
    Hypothes.is public annotations pointing here

    Use the tag BetMas:ESdd008 in your public hypothes.is annotations which refer to this entity.

    CLOSE

    Suggested citation of this record

    Abreham Adugna, Denis Nosnitsin, Sophia Dege-Müller, Pietro Maria Liuzzo, Eugenia Sokolinski, ʻBǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-008 (encoded from the catalogue)ʼ, in Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2024-02-19) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESdd008 [Accessed: 2024-12-29]

    To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

    CLOSE

    Revision history

    • Eugenia Sokolinski adjusted, added facs on 19.2.2024
    • Pietro Maria Liuzzo transformed from mycore to TEI P5 on 10.5.2016
    • Sophia Dege-Müller last edited in Ethio-SPaRe on 16.9.2014
    • Abreham Adugna catalogued in Ethio-SPaRe on 25.1.2013
    • Ethio-SPaRe team photographed the manuscript on 22.11.2010
    CLOSE

    Attribution of the content

    Alessandro Bausi, general editor

    Abreham Adugna, editor

    Denis Nosnitsin, editor

    Sophia Dege-Müller, contributor

    Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor

    Eugenia Sokolinski, contributor

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.