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This app is built with exist-db, and uses Lucene as the standard search engine. This comes with several options available. A full list is here

Below very few examples.

sample result
* *custodir* add wildcards to unlimit your string search
? custodir? Will find any match for the position with the question mark.
~ ምሕረትከ~ Will make a fuzzy search. you can decide also how much fuzzy, by saying for example ምሕረትከ~0.9 which will match only 90% similar terms.
"" "ምሕረትከ፡ ይትኖለወኒ፡" Will find the exact string contained between quotes.
() (verbo OR notionem) AND ይትኖለወኒ Will find one of the two between brackets and the other string.

Input

If you want to transcribe some fidal into latin or update your transcription, you can have a go with our transcription tools.

If you are using the keyboard provided, please note that there are four layers, the normal one and those activated by Shift, Alt, Alt+Shift.

Normal and Shift contain mainly Fidal. Alt and Alt-Shift diacritics.

To enter letters in Fidal and the diacritics with this keyboard, which is independent of your local input selection, you can use two methods.

Orthographic variants of the Ethiopic language are searched as a standard if not otherwise specified. The following are the options considered by the search engine.

  • 's','s', 'ḍ'
  • 'e','ǝ','ə','ē'
  • 'w','ʷ'
  • 'ʾ', 'ʿ'
  • '`', 'ʾ', 'ʿ' (note that you can use the tick if you are not sure about the two, but none will be inferred for you)
  • 'ሀ', 'ሐ', 'ኀ', 'ሃ', 'ሓ', 'ኃ'
  • 'ሀ', 'ሐ', 'ኀ'
  • 'ሁ', 'ሑ', 'ኁ'
  • 'ሂ', 'ሒ', 'ኂ'
  • 'ሄ', 'ሔ', 'ኄ'
  • 'ህ', 'ሕ', 'ኅ'
  • 'ሆ', 'ሖ', 'ኆ'
  • 'ሠ','ሰ'
  • 'ሡ','ሱ'
  • 'ሢ','ሲ'
  • 'ሣ','ሳ'
  • 'ሥ','ስ'
  • 'ሦ','ሶ'
  • 'ሤ','ሴ'
  • 'ጸ', 'ፀ'
  • 'ጹ', 'ፁ'
  • 'ጺ', 'ፂ'
  • 'ጻ', 'ፃ'
  • 'ጼ', 'ፄ'
  • 'ጽ', 'ፅ'
  • 'ጾ', 'ፆ'
  • 'አ', 'ዐ', 'ኣ', 'ዓ'
  • 'ኡ', 'ዑ'
  • 'ኢ', 'ዒ'
  • 'ኤ', 'ዔ'
  • 'እ', 'ዕ'
  • 'ኦ', 'ዖ'

Some examples

  • If you search Taammera, you will not find Taʾammǝra or Taʿammera but only Taammera. Try Ta`ammera instead or use the keyboard provided to enter aleph and ayn.
  • If you are searching for Yāʿǝqob, you will not have a lot of luck searching Yaqob, unless some kind cataloguer has actually added it into the data as simplified spelling form. Try instead entering Yaqob~0.5 which is a fuzzy search, this will return also Yāʿǝqob. Also Ya`eqob is fine for example.

Keys Combinations

With this method you use keys combinations to trigger specific characters. Click here for a list of the available combos. This can be expanded, do not hesitate to ask (click here to post a new issue).

Hold and choose

If you hold a key optional values will appear in a list. You can click on the desiderd value or use arrows and enter to select it. The options are the same as those activated by combinations.

With this method you do not have to remember or lookup combos, but it does take many more clicks...

You found "Bruce V p." in 3377 entries!

አክላስያ
1

... si veda p.e. in 12 ’klīrs < κλῆρος, e p. 11 ’qlīrs < κλῆρο...

ሰፍሐ
2

...p. 8,1; 3 Reg. 2,35; 3 Reg. 4,25; Herm. p. 80 (quamquam hoc loco etiam III,1 i...

... ማእደ፡ ቅድሜሆሙ፡ ወአንበረት፡ ሥጋ፡ ላዕለ፡ ማእድ፡ Jsp. p. 369; ዐራተ፡ Act. 9,34; መካይደ፡ Ps. 59,...

መ
2

... Rom. 4,3; ማእዜኑመ፡ Gen. 30,30; ዝኑመ፡ Kuf. p. 134. – Rarius, ut: ምስለ፡ ብዙኅ፡ ምሕረት፡ ...

... Jsp. p. 372; ራብዕመ፡ ...

ዐብየ
2

... ; vid. Ges. thes. p. 981] Subj. ይዕበይ፡ ...

... seq. ላዕለ፡ pers., Kuf. p. 123. ...

ምዕር
2

...10; ምዕራተ፡ F.M. 14,10; Gad. Kar. ; Jsp. p. 325; Jsp. p. 369; ምዕራታተ፡ iterum ac...

.... 14,10; Gad. Kar. ; Jsp. p. 325; Jsp. p. 369; ምዕራታተ፡ iterum ac saepius Phl...

ከፈለ
2

...፫ መክፈልተ፡ Kuf. 8; ከፈለ፡ ሰራዊቶ፡ ፬ ክፍለ፡ Jsp. p. 364; c. ለ፡ partium Jud. 7,16; Jud. ...

...እክፍላ፡ (ለመንግሥትየ፡) ላዕለ፡ ፫ ውሉድየ፡ ዕሩየ፡ Jsp. p. 364; Genz. f. 156. tribuere , a...

ዘበጠ
2

...ስተ፡ vel ዲበ፡ membri: ዘበጦ፡ ላዕለ፡ ቍየጹ፡ Jsp. p. 328; ይዘብጡክሙ፡ ውስተ፡ መላትሒክሙ፡ Mich. 4,...

...ሉ፡ መዋግዐ፡ ዘነፍጥ፡ ከመ፡ ይዝብጡ፡ ቦቶን፡ ቅጽረ፡ Jsp. p. 365. malleo percutere et ...

ድኅረ
2

...፡ ሰብእ፡ post filias i.e. eas secuti Kuf. p. 31. መንገለ፡ ድኅረ፡ partem posteriore...

...l.; እምድኅረ፡ ሕቅ፡ Marc. 14,70 et ሕቀ፡ Herm. p. 80 paulo post ; እለ፡ እምድኅሬከ፡ post...

ጸሐፈ
2

...14,27; ኢያሠነይኩ፡ ጽሒፈ፡ Asc. Jes. ed. Laur. p. 80; ጽሒፎ፡ quam scripsisset, Rel. Bar...

...os. 18,4; Jos. 18,9; Deut. 17,18; Kuf. p. 34. ...

ምግባር
2

...r. 7,3; Jer. 23,2; ኵሉ፡ ምግባሮሙ፡ ርኵስ፡ Kuf. p. 78; 4 Esr. 8,34; 4 Esr. 9,8; 4 Esr....

...munus , res agenda , ምግባረ፡ ወሀብናሁ፡ Kuf. p. 13; πρᾶξις Rom. 12,4; ምግባራት፡ Num. 3...

አንከረ
2

... ut: ኢታንክር፡ እምዝንቱ፡ Chrys. Ta. 17; Herm. p. 76; Sx. Haml. 10; አንከሩ፡ እምድኅነቱ፡ Sx....

...፡ Sx. Haml. 24; Sx. Mij. 20 Enc.; Jsp. p. 326; አንከሩከ፡ በሓውርት፡ እምነ፡ ፍካሬ፡ ቃልከ፡ S...

ንብረት
2

...tratio: ኑኀ፡ ንብረቱ፡ Cat. Cod. Bibl. Bodl. p. 14; ፲፭ዕለት፡ እምንብረቱ፡ ዲበ፡ መንበሩ፡ Phlx. ...

... ) Jsp. p. 316. ...

እሹር
2

... d’Abbadie 225 p. 147} ከመ፡ ትኩነኒ፡ መርሐ፡ በመንግሥተ፡ ሰማያት፡ ፭...

...ding to the ms. Éthiopien d’Abbadie 225 p. 147–148} እምነ፡ አምባ፡ ...

ልብ
2

...ُبٌّ amh. ልብ፡; de etymo vid. Ges. thes. p. 738] m. et fem. (ut Prov. 6,18;...

...6; Sir. 21,14; ኀብአ፡ ያዕቆብ፡ ልቦ፡ ለላባ፡ Kuf. p. 105; praeterea vid. አዕበየ፡, ኀየለ፡, ጸን...

ገሠጸ
2

... sed miro errore ገሠረ፡ pro ገሠጸ፡ scripsit p. 557. 604 et in Additam. p. 77] ...

...ሠጸ፡ scripsit p. 557. 604 et in Additam. p. 77] c...

መክብብ
2

... 121 l. 11, 122 l. 1–2 (ed.), p. 121 l. 11–13, 122 l. 1–2 ...

... preposto ecclesiastico p. es. in 121; 170 (dove compare anch...

ግብር
5

... ሕዝባዊ፡ ግብረ፡ ክህነት፡ Did. 16; ግብረ፡ ዲያቆን፡ . p. 314. opus vel ministerium sac...

...10. peractio : ለግብረ፡ ጌጋይ፡ ወኀጢአት፡ Kuf. p. 46, ann. 5. factum , oppos. ver...

...፡ ለዝ፡ ዓለም፡ Phlx. 3; ግብራት፡ ዓለማውያት፡ F.N. p. 10; Phlx. 3. causa : በእንተ፡ ሠላስ፡ ግ...

ደለወ
2

.... Infinitivi: ይደልዎሙ፡ መክፈልተ፡ ዚአሁ፡ ከዊነ፡ (v. ከዊን፡) Sap. 1,16; ሰላም፡ ለከ፡ በርተሎሜዎስ፡ ...

... Enc.; vel c. ለ፡ et Infin.: ደለዎ፡ ለርእይ፡ (v. ርእይ፡) dignus fuit qui videret Sx. T...

ረከበ
2

...esse videtur, vid. IV,1, nec non ركب II V VI et ܪܰܟܶܒ ܐܰܪܟܶܒ; hinc propagatur ...

...ት፡ ብከ፡ Tob. 4,4; በከመ፡ እከየ፡ ምግባሩ፡ ይረክብ፡ (v. ይረክቦ፡) Jes. 3,11; ትሬኢ፡ እመ፡ ትረክቦ፡ ለቃ...

ማዕጠንት
1

..., etc.; on outre, comme le document, n° V parles des dabtarā māʿeṭant, j’avais...

ክራዌ
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TraCES*ERC Advanced Grant TraCES (Grant Agreement 338756) and follow-up projects, English

Table/Text
kǝrāwe Substantivumsubst. meaning unknown ፈራህ፡ ክራዌ፡ farrāh kǝrāwe kind of tax paid to a governor by a peasant who rejected taking part in a military expedition; it became an extraordinary tax levied as a punishment for any transgression (explanation based on Conti Rossini’s comment below) ወ፩ፈራህ፡ ክራዌ፡ እመ፡ ሖረ፡ ኀበ፡ አረሚ፧ ወበዝንቱ፡ ግብር፡ ዘወፅአ፡ መንፈቁ፡ ለበዓለ፡ ጕልት፡ ወመንፈቁ፡ ለሥዩመ፡ ሲሬ፡ ወለደረባ፡ አባይሰ፡ ምስለ፡ ደቂቀ፡ ሐሪሳይ፡ አልባቲ፡ ግብር፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ፪፡ ፩ፈራህ፡ ክራዌ፡ ወ፩ዘሞተ፡ ወዝንቱኒ፡ ፪፡ ይበዝኅ፡ ዘየኃድጉ፡ ወይምሕሩ። ‘un était le farrāh kerāwē, si on allait au pais des infidèles. Le revenu de ces impôts était divisé par moitié entre le concessionnaire du fief et le chef du Sirē. Mais les Darabā Abāy avec les Daqiqa Ḥarisāy étaient exempts des impôts, hormis 2 : l’un était le farrāh kerāwē et l’autre celui qui était dû en cas de la mort de quelqu’un;fr’ 75 l. 30–34 (ed.), 91 l. 7–12 (tr.); ወለማየ፡ ሳዋሰ፡ አልባቲ፡ ግብር፡ ወኢምንትኒ፡ ወኢፈራህ፡ ክራዌ፡ ወኢ፡ ቅድድያ፡ ‘mais Māy Sāwā ne sera redevable d’aucun impôt d’aucune sorte, ni du farrāh kerāwē, ni du qededyāfr’ 76 l. 13–14 (ed.), 91 l. 31–32 (tr.) (‘Le farrāh kerāwē était une taxe due par paysans qui n’avaient pas obéi à l’appel du gouverneur partant pour une expédition militaire; en réalité, il était devenu un véritable impôt extraordinaire, qui continuait de revêtir cette forme d’amende sans qu’il y eût une expedition quelconque; cf. 187’ 92 n. 12), videasvid. ፈራህ፡
information type values
PoS subst.
transcription kǝrāwe farrāh kǝrāwe
translations un était le farrāh kerāwē, si on allait au pais des infidèles. Le revenu de ces impôts était divisé par moitié entre le concessionnaire du fief et le chef du Sirē. Mais les Darabā Abāy avec les Daqiqa Ḥarisāy étaient exempts des impôts, hormis 2 : l’un était le farrāh kerāwē et l’autre celui qui était dû en cas de la mort de quelqu’un; fr mais Māy Sāwā ne sera redevable d’aucun impôt d’aucune sorte, ni du farrāh kerāwē, ni du qededyā fr
morphology subst.
references
labels vid.
gender
case
bibliography 75 l. 30–34 (ed.) 91 l. 7–12 (tr.) 76 l. 13–14 (ed.) 91 l. 31–32 (tr.) 187 92 n. 12
column
RevisionsCite this lemma
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska correction on 23.5.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska correction on 23.5.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added comment on 27.4.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added translation on 27.4.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska correction on 27.4.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska correction on 27.4.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added example on 27.4.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added entry on 26.4.2022
    ክራዌ, lemma contributed by Magdalena Krzyżanowska to the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae, ed. Alessandro Bausi, last modified on 2022-05-23 https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/Ldc446536fd904581bcb469aa3695d337 , accessed on 2024-11-02

Attestations in the Beta maṣāḥǝft corpus

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This app is a prototype Beta version. Be aware that it might not be available at times also without prior notice, it might still crash or work only in part. The data is also undergoing continuous editorial work and the numeric results should not be used without caution. It has no proper style associated first of all and it is not meant to work in all browser and all machines. We assume you will have the latest Chrome for best experience and that you will have the NOTO font family installed on your machine. You should be able to use the app with any browser but we cannot guarantee even the minimum look and feel. Click the orange button if you want to report a problem, we are glad to keep track.

Among the many known issues and adjustments that are still to be carried out, note the following: particularly in Syriac and Arabic passages, at times, space between words is not correctly displayed; conversely, in some passages superfluous extra-spaces are displayed; Coptic entries might not be correctly displayed, especially if you do not have fonts for Coptic (see above).

Page number links will link you to the Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae online pdf version by Ran HaCohen. The correctness of the page link depends on the correctness of the data.