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This app is built with exist-db, and uses Lucene as the standard search engine. This comes with several options available. A full list is here

Below very few examples.

sample result
* *custodir* add wildcards to unlimit your string search
? custodir? Will find any match for the position with the question mark.
~ ምሕረትከ~ Will make a fuzzy search. you can decide also how much fuzzy, by saying for example ምሕረትከ~0.9 which will match only 90% similar terms.
"" "ምሕረትከ፡ ይትኖለወኒ፡" Will find the exact string contained between quotes.
() (verbo OR notionem) AND ይትኖለወኒ Will find one of the two between brackets and the other string.

Input

If you want to transcribe some fidal into latin or update your transcription, you can have a go with our transcription tools.

If you are using the keyboard provided, please note that there are four layers, the normal one and those activated by Shift, Alt, Alt+Shift.

Normal and Shift contain mainly Fidal. Alt and Alt-Shift diacritics.

To enter letters in Fidal and the diacritics with this keyboard, which is independent of your local input selection, you can use two methods.

Orthographic variants of the Ethiopic language are searched as a standard if not otherwise specified. The following are the options considered by the search engine.

  • 's','s', 'ḍ'
  • 'e','ǝ','ə','ē'
  • 'w','ʷ'
  • 'ʾ', 'ʿ'
  • '`', 'ʾ', 'ʿ' (note that you can use the tick if you are not sure about the two, but none will be inferred for you)
  • 'ሀ', 'ሐ', 'ኀ', 'ሃ', 'ሓ', 'ኃ'
  • 'ሀ', 'ሐ', 'ኀ'
  • 'ሁ', 'ሑ', 'ኁ'
  • 'ሂ', 'ሒ', 'ኂ'
  • 'ሄ', 'ሔ', 'ኄ'
  • 'ህ', 'ሕ', 'ኅ'
  • 'ሆ', 'ሖ', 'ኆ'
  • 'ሠ','ሰ'
  • 'ሡ','ሱ'
  • 'ሢ','ሲ'
  • 'ሣ','ሳ'
  • 'ሥ','ስ'
  • 'ሦ','ሶ'
  • 'ሤ','ሴ'
  • 'ጸ', 'ፀ'
  • 'ጹ', 'ፁ'
  • 'ጺ', 'ፂ'
  • 'ጻ', 'ፃ'
  • 'ጼ', 'ፄ'
  • 'ጽ', 'ፅ'
  • 'ጾ', 'ፆ'
  • 'አ', 'ዐ', 'ኣ', 'ዓ'
  • 'ኡ', 'ዑ'
  • 'ኢ', 'ዒ'
  • 'ኤ', 'ዔ'
  • 'እ', 'ዕ'
  • 'ኦ', 'ዖ'

Some examples

  • If you search Taammera, you will not find Taʾammǝra or Taʿammera but only Taammera. Try Ta`ammera instead or use the keyboard provided to enter aleph and ayn.
  • If you are searching for Yāʿǝqob, you will not have a lot of luck searching Yaqob, unless some kind cataloguer has actually added it into the data as simplified spelling form. Try instead entering Yaqob~0.5 which is a fuzzy search, this will return also Yāʿǝqob. Also Ya`eqob is fine for example.

Keys Combinations

With this method you use keys combinations to trigger specific characters. Click here for a list of the available combos. This can be expanded, do not hesitate to ask (click here to post a new issue).

Hold and choose

If you hold a key optional values will appear in a list. You can click on the desiderd value or use arrows and enter to select it. The options are the same as those activated by combinations.

With this method you do not have to remember or lookup combos, but it does take many more clicks...

You found "1 Nr." in 4090 entries!

ረዳኢ
1

...9,9; Ps. 39,24; Ps. 61,2; ረዳእያን፡ በቀትል፡ 1 Par. 12,1; ኖባ፡ ወኢትዮጵያ፡ ይከውንዎ፡ ረዳእያነ፡...

ዘላፍ
1

... : καὶ ἐπάνω 1 Reg. 16,13; እምይእተ፡ ዕለት፡ ወለዝላፉ፡ ...

ሕይወት
4

... 4 Esr. 5,13; ሕይወት፡ ዘለዓለም፡ ζωὴ αἰώνιος 1 Joh. 5,11; ἀφθαρσία Rom. 2,6; ዕፀ፡ ሕይ...

...,10; ትምህርተ፡ ሕይወት፡ διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα 1 Tim. 1,10. salus , salvatio (...

...፡ መጻእኪ፡ ἥκεις εἰς σωτηρίαν Judith 11,3; 1 Reg. 11,13; 1 Reg. 14,45; Jud. 15,18...

ንህከ
1

... (ነሀከ፡) I,1 [vicinum est ንእከ፡ נָאַק אָנַח אָנַק ...

ኀረወ
1

... I,1 [vicinae sunt rad. חוּר (خار in quib...

ወጥሐ
1

...ሙ፡ (Laur.: ይወጥሕ፡ I,1 et ፈቃዶሙ፡) 4 Esr. 12,38; 4 Esr. 13,41...

ጸብኅ
1

...አብሰልዎ፡ በእሳት፡ Sx. Teq. 1; ኢያበስሉ፡ ጸብኀ፡ ...

ከሰሰ
1

... v. I, 1 accuse...

በዝበዘ
1

... v. I, 1 sack ...

መንግሥ
1

... ’ 39 l. 33-34, 40 l. 1 (ed.), ...

ሞራ
1

... 76: 22, 78:1 (ed.) ...

ንካሕ
1

... 41 l. 1-3 (ed.) , ...

ጽኑስ
1

... χρείαν ἔχων 1 Joh. 3,17; πτωχός ...

ለጐመ
1

... ለጐመ I,1 Subj. ...

ሐረደ
1

... I,1 [amh. አረደ፡, arab. حَرَدَ ...

ቀለለ
1

... I,1 [קָלַל ܩܰܠ قَلَّ] levem esse , ex...

አተከዘ
1

.... 2,5 etiam አትከዘ፡ II,1 exhibet) ...

መጸረ
1

... (et መፀረ፡) I,1 et I,2 [arab. مَضَعَ manducavit (a...

አሰንበተ
1

...30; Lev. 23,32; 1 Esr. 1,55; 2 Par. 36,21; Chrys. ho. ...

ሰላም
4

...subst. , m. et fem. (ut Rom. 14,19; 1 Petr. 3,11; Hen. 5,4), [ܫܠܳܡ שָׁלוֹם...

...eg. 3,24; ይዜንዎ፡ በእንተ፡ ሰላም፡ 2 Reg. 8,10; 1 Reg. 30,21; ከመ፡ ያእምር፡ ሰላሞሙ፡ ut cogn...

...ይኩን፡ ሰላም፡ ማእከሌነ፡ Gen. 31,44; Jud. 4,17; 1 Reg. 7,14; ትጼውዕዎሙ፡ በሰላም፡ Deut. 20,10...

ሹም
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TraCES*ERC Advanced Grant TraCES (Grant Agreement 338756) and follow-up projects, English

Table/Text
šum Substantivumsubst. ‘chiefen, officialen’ 656b ሹም፡ ክፍሎ፡ ‘le šum Keflofr’ 75 l. 18 (ed.), 90 l. 29 (tr.)
Cross-references: videasvid. also ሥዩም፡
Compounds
a) ሰለዋ፡ ሹም፡ salawā šum chief of Salawāen በውእቱ፡ ዕለት፡ ዘተቀበለ፡ አቅሐ፡ ዘአክሱም፡ ሰለዋ፡ ሹም፡ ፋሬስ። ‘Ce jour, le chef du Salawā, Fārēs, reçut les objets [suivants] d’Aksoum:fr’ 71 l. 4–5 (ed.), 85 l. 17–18 (tr.), videasvid. ሰለዋ፡
b) ሹም፡ ሽረ፡ šum šǝra , ሹም፡ ሲሬ፡ šum sire (title) chief of Šǝreen ወበህየ፡ ተራከቡ፡ ምስለ፡ ሹም፡ ተክለ፡ ጊዮርጊስ፡ ወአቤተኁን፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ወሹም፡ ሲሬ፡ ተክለ፡ ሥሉስ፡ ወምስለ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ ሰየምንተ፡ ትግሬ፡ ‘Là, il se rencontra avec le šum Takla Giyorgis, l’abētaḫun Yoḥannes, le šum du Sirē Takla Selus et avec tous les chefs du Tigréfr’ 89 l. 27–29 (ed.), 102 l. 14–16 (tr.), videasvid. ሽረ፡
Cross-references: videasvid. also ሥዩመ፡ ሽረ፡ under ሥዩም፡ (TraCES)
c) አበርገሌ፡ ሹም፡ ʾabargalle šum chief of ʾAbargalleen በውእቱ፡ ዕለት፡ ዘተቀበለ፡ አቅሐ፡ ዘአክሱም፡ አበርገሌ፡ ሹም፡ ነገደ፡ አብርሃም። ‘Ce jour, le chef de l’Abargalē, Nagada Abrehām, reçut les objets [suivants] d’Aksoum:fr’ 71 l. 14–15 (ed.), 85 l. 28–29 (tr.), videasvid. አበርገሌ፡
d) ዓጋመ፡ ሹም፡ ʾāgāma šum , አጋሜ፡ ሹም፡ ʾagāmē šum , አጋምያ፡ ሹም፡ ʾagāmyā šum chief of ʾAgāmyāen ወበእምባ፡ ሠነይት፡ ሕዱግ፡ ወዘታሕቴሁ፡ ሥዩመ፡ ሰልሲት፡ ሹም፡ አጋሜ፡ ወዘታሕቴሁ፡ ስዩመ፡ እንደርታ፡ ወዘታሕቴሁ፡ ስዩመ፡ ሰሐርት፡ ወዘታሕቴሁ፡ አሕረምነ፡ ከመ፡ ኢይባኡ። ‘Dans Embā Sanayt, au vicaire et à ses dépendants, au chef de l’Endartā et à ses dépendants, au chef du Saḥart et à ses dépendants: nous avons défendu d’[y] entrer.fr’ 40 l. 15–17 (ed.), 47 l. 28–32 (tr.); በውእቱ፡ ዕለት፡ ዘተቀበለ፡ አጋምያ፡ ሹም፡ ቴዎድሮስ፡ አቅሐ፡ ዘአክሱም፡ ‘Ce jour, le chef de l’Agāmē, Tēwodros, reçut les objets [suivants] d’Aksoum:fr’ 71 l. 9–10 (ed.), 85 l. 23–24 (tr.), vid. ዓጋመ፡
e) ጭቃ፡ ሹም፡ č̣ǝqā šum , ጭቃ፡ č̣ǝqā hereditary officer of the lowest rank attached to a specific piece of land, in charge of assigning and collecting taxes, keeping register and lodging strangers on the villagers 956, 2221b ወእንዘ፡ ዳኛ፡ እምታሕቴሆሙ፡ ያስቃል፡ ወጭቃሂ፡ አቤቶ፡ አቢዳራ፡ ወመልከኛ፡ አቤቶ፡ አሥራት፡ ወወምበርሂ፡ አቤቶ፡ ክብረ፡ አብ፡ ‘Yāsqāl étant le juge au-dessous du [daǧ azmač], le maire étant l’abēto Abidāra; le chef du pays, l’abēto Asrāt, et le wambar, l’abēto Kebra ʾAb.fr’ 80 l. 7–9 (ed.), 96 l. 17–20 (tr.), videasvid. ጭቃ፡
Comparative and etymological data
from Amharic ሹም šum
information type values
PoS subst.
transcription šum salawā šum šum šǝra šum sire ʾabargalle šum ʾāgāma šum ʾagāmē šum ʾagāmyā šum č̣ǝqā šum č̣ǝqā šum
translations chief en official en le šum Keflo fr chief of Salawā en Ce jour, le chef du Salawā, Fārēs, reçut les objets [suivants] d’Aksoum: fr chief of Šǝre en Là, il se rencontra avec le šum Takla Giyorgis, l’abētaḫun Yoḥannes, le šum du Sirē Takla Selus et avec tous les chefs du Tigré fr chief of ʾAbargalle en Ce jour, le chef de l’Abargalē, Nagada Abrehām, reçut les objets [suivants] d’Aksoum: fr chief of ʾAgāmyā en Dans Embā Sanayt, au vicaire et à ses dépendants, au chef de l’Endartā et à ses dépendants, au chef du Saḥart et à ses dépendants: nous avons défendu d’[y] entrer. fr Ce jour, le chef de l’Agāmē, Tēwodros, reçut les objets [suivants] d’Aksoum: fr Yāsqāl étant le juge au-dessous du [daǧ azmač], le maire étant l’abēto Abidāra; le chef du pays, l’abēto Asrāt, et le wambar, l’abēto Kebra ʾAb. fr
morphology subst.
references
labels vid.vid.vid.vid.vid.vid.
gender
case
bibliography 656b 75 l. 18 (ed.) 90 l. 29 (tr.) 71 l. 4–5 (ed.) 85 l. 17–18 (tr.) 89 l. 27–29 (ed.) 102 l. 14–16 (tr.) 71 l. 14–15 (ed.) 85 l. 28–29 (tr.) 40 l. 15–17 (ed.) 47 l. 28–32 (tr.) 71 l. 9–10 (ed.) 85 l. 23–24 (tr.) 956 2221b 80 l. 7–9 (ed.) 96 l. 17–20 (tr.)
column
RevisionsCite this lemma
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added a -b - c on 24.8.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska corrections on 29.6.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added cross reference on 28.6.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added example on 23.6.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added example on 23.6.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska correction on 23.6.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added cross reference on 23.6.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added cross reference on 23.6.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added example on 23.6.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added example on 23.6.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added cross references on 23.6.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska correction on 23.6.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added traces on 23.6.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added example on 22.6.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska corrections on 22.6.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska correction on 22.6.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska correction of the translation on 19.5.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added compound on 28.4.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added example on 20.4.2022
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added etymology on 20.4.2022
  • Pietro Maria Liuzzo restored changes made by Magda before crash on 9.5.2019 on 10.5.2019
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added new entry on 8.5.2019
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska corr on 8.5.2019
    ሹም, lemma contributed by Magdalena Krzyżanowska Pietro Maria Liuzzo to the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae, ed. Alessandro Bausi, last modified on 2022-08-24 https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/Lbd4fc4c929da4ae1aebf907a89ab6803 , accessed on 2024-11-09

Attestations in the Beta maṣāḥǝft corpus

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Among the many known issues and adjustments that are still to be carried out, note the following: particularly in Syriac and Arabic passages, at times, space between words is not correctly displayed; conversely, in some passages superfluous extra-spaces are displayed; Coptic entries might not be correctly displayed, especially if you do not have fonts for Coptic (see above).

Page number links will link you to the Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae online pdf version by Ran HaCohen. The correctness of the page link depends on the correctness of the data.