Tutorial report issue

Search Help

Search

This app is built with exist-db, and uses Lucene as the standard search engine. This comes with several options available. A full list is here

Below very few examples.

sample result
* *custodir* add wildcards to unlimit your string search
? custodir? Will find any match for the position with the question mark.
~ ምሕረትከ~ Will make a fuzzy search. you can decide also how much fuzzy, by saying for example ምሕረትከ~0.9 which will match only 90% similar terms.
"" "ምሕረትከ፡ ይትኖለወኒ፡" Will find the exact string contained between quotes.
() (verbo OR notionem) AND ይትኖለወኒ Will find one of the two between brackets and the other string.

Input

If you want to transcribe some fidal into latin or update your transcription, you can have a go with our transcription tools.

If you are using the keyboard provided, please note that there are four layers, the normal one and those activated by Shift, Alt, Alt+Shift.

Normal and Shift contain mainly Fidal. Alt and Alt-Shift diacritics.

To enter letters in Fidal and the diacritics with this keyboard, which is independent of your local input selection, you can use two methods.

Orthographic variants of the Ethiopic language are searched as a standard if not otherwise specified. The following are the options considered by the search engine.

  • 's','s', 'ḍ'
  • 'e','ǝ','ə','ē'
  • 'w','ʷ'
  • 'ʾ', 'ʿ'
  • '`', 'ʾ', 'ʿ' (note that you can use the tick if you are not sure about the two, but none will be inferred for you)
  • 'ሀ', 'ሐ', 'ኀ', 'ሃ', 'ሓ', 'ኃ'
  • 'ሀ', 'ሐ', 'ኀ'
  • 'ሁ', 'ሑ', 'ኁ'
  • 'ሂ', 'ሒ', 'ኂ'
  • 'ሄ', 'ሔ', 'ኄ'
  • 'ህ', 'ሕ', 'ኅ'
  • 'ሆ', 'ሖ', 'ኆ'
  • 'ሠ','ሰ'
  • 'ሡ','ሱ'
  • 'ሢ','ሲ'
  • 'ሣ','ሳ'
  • 'ሥ','ስ'
  • 'ሦ','ሶ'
  • 'ሤ','ሴ'
  • 'ጸ', 'ፀ'
  • 'ጹ', 'ፁ'
  • 'ጺ', 'ፂ'
  • 'ጻ', 'ፃ'
  • 'ጼ', 'ፄ'
  • 'ጽ', 'ፅ'
  • 'ጾ', 'ፆ'
  • 'አ', 'ዐ', 'ኣ', 'ዓ'
  • 'ኡ', 'ዑ'
  • 'ኢ', 'ዒ'
  • 'ኤ', 'ዔ'
  • 'እ', 'ዕ'
  • 'ኦ', 'ዖ'

Some examples

  • If you search Taammera, you will not find Taʾammǝra or Taʿammera but only Taammera. Try Ta`ammera instead or use the keyboard provided to enter aleph and ayn.
  • If you are searching for Yāʿǝqob, you will not have a lot of luck searching Yaqob, unless some kind cataloguer has actually added it into the data as simplified spelling form. Try instead entering Yaqob~0.5 which is a fuzzy search, this will return also Yāʿǝqob. Also Ya`eqob is fine for example.

Keys Combinations

With this method you use keys combinations to trigger specific characters. Click here for a list of the available combos. This can be expanded, do not hesitate to ask (click here to post a new issue).

Hold and choose

If you hold a key optional values will appear in a list. You can click on the desiderd value or use arrows and enter to select it. The options are the same as those activated by combinations.

With this method you do not have to remember or lookup combos, but it does take many more clicks...

You found "Act." in 1310 entries!

ሠጋሪ
1

ሠጋሪ śagāri ሠጋሪ śagāri act. part. of vid. ሠገረ śagara 527a

ረሓይ
1

ረሓይ raḥāy ረሓይ raḥāy (*) act. participle of vid. ርሕየ rǝḥya 467b

ረሳዒ
1

ረሳዒ rasāʿi ረሳዒ rasāʿi act. part. of vid. ረስዐ rasʿa 473b

ረዋዪ
1

ረዋዪ rawāyi ረዋዪ rawāyi (*) act. part. of vid. ረወየ rawaya 478a

ሰላጢ
1

ሰላጢ salāṭi ሰላጢ salāṭi (*) act. part. of vid. ሰለጠ salaṭa 501a

ሥራዕ
3

... χαλάσαντες τὸ σκεῦος Act. 27,17 Platt; ሰቀሉ...

...on Act. 27,40 Platt; አልዐሉ፡ ...

... ሥራዓተ፡ Act. 27,13 Platt. ...

ምኅዳፍ
2

...ocus remorum , transtrum (ut videtur) Act. 27,40 rom. (sed vix recte explicari...

...ocus perobscurus, priusquam antiquiores Act. Apost. codices Mss. consuli potueri...

አርሰየ
2

...portum navem (vid. አርሰወ፡): Marc. 6,53; Act. 21,3 rom.; Act. 27,29 rom.; vel: p...

...id. አርሰወ፡): Marc. 6,53; Act. 21,3 rom.; Act. 27,29 rom.; vel: ponere , jacere ...

ዝክረት
1

... n. act. , Pl. ...

ብጥሐት
1

... n. act. ...

ፍታቴ
1

... n. act. ...

ስትየት
1

... n. act. ...

ትግሀት
1

...ግሀት n. act. , Pl. ትግሀታት፡ vigilatio , vigiliae...

ምግበት
1

...ግበት n. act. procuratio F.N. 41,5; ሥልጣነ፡ ምግበት...

ጽህቀት
1

... n. act. ...

ውሕሰት
1

... n. act. et ...

ስልበት
1

... n. act. ...

ፍርድ
1

... ἡ δίκη Act. 28,4 Platt. ...

መክኑን
1

... ኅቡእ፡ Sx. Teq. 6 (ex Act. 17,23). ...

ንግሀት
1

... n. act. ...

ረከበ
302/303
TEI/XML
|

Dillmann*Dillmann, Christian Friedrich August. Lexicon linguae aethiopicae, cum indice latino. Adiectum est vocabularium tigre dialecti septentrionalis compilatum a W. Munziger. Lipsiae: Th.O. Weigel, 1865. and follow-up projects, Latin

Table/Text
I,1[potestas radicis prima in applicandola, immittendola, componendola( fügen ) esse videtur, videasvid.IV,1, nec non ركب II V VI et ܪܰܟܶܒ ܐܰܪܟܶܒ ; hincpropagatur a) insiderela, conscenderela, equitarela, vehila רָכַב ܪܟܶܒ رَكِبَ , collatio, -is vel collectivum, -ecoll. መርከብ፡ , አርኩባት፡ b) potirila, assequila, invenirela ረከበ፡ I,1; II,1; III,1] SubjunctivusSubj. ይርከብ፡ et ይርክብ፡
1)adipiscila, nanciscila, assequila, obtinerela, potirilaconstruitur cumc.c.Acc.: ለእመ፡ ዴገንካ፡ ለጽድቅ፡ ትረክባ፡ καταλήψῃ Liber Siracidae (Ecclesiasticus).Sir. 27,8 ; Liber Siracidae (Ecclesiasticus).Sir. 15,17 ; Judicum liber.Jud. 7,24 ; Genesis liber Pentateuchi.Gen. 31,23 ; Psalmi, ex editione Ludolfi.Ps. 7,5 ; ad Romanos epistola Pauli.Rom. 9,30 ; ἐκλάβοι liber Jobi.Job 3,5 ; ἐπιτυχεῖν Jacobi epistola.Jac. 4,2 ; τυγχάνειν liber Jobi.Job 3,21 ; ትረክብ፡ ተስፋከ፡ liber Jobi.Job 11,18 ; ደቂቆሙ፡ ኢይረክቡ፡ ንዋዮሙ፡ liber Jobi.Job 21,19 ; Ezrae Apocalypsis; citatur secundum capita et commata editionis Laurentianae.4 Esr. 8,66 ; Regum liber biblicum I.1 Reg. 28,22 ; Psalmi, ex editione Ludolfi.Ps. 20,8 ; Ruth liber biblicus.Ruth 1,9 ; Matthaei Evangelium.Matth. 11,29 ; Lucae evangelium.Luc. 18,18 ; ad Galatas epistola Pauli.Gal. 3,22 ; ad Hebraeos epistola.Hebr. 9,12 ; ረኪበ፡ ዘርእ፡ ፈቀደ፡ prolem nancisci cupivitlanot able to find explanation in abbreviation listSx. Jac. 8 Enc.; de ረከበ፡ ሞገሰ፡ ቅድመ፡ ut Genesis liber Pentateuchi.Gen. 33,8 videasvid. ሞገስ፡
c)ferirelajaculando (treffen): ሄጶ፡ ውስተ፡ ፍጽሙ፡ ወረከቦ፡ ናላሁ፡ Liber Siracidae (Ecclesiasticus).Sir. 47,4 .
2)invenirela, reperirela, deprehenderelasive quaesita, sive amissa, sive alia; rem Genesis liber Pentateuchi.Gen. 11,2 ; Genesis liber Pentateuchi.Gen. 26,32 ; Genesis liber Pentateuchi.Gen. 31,32 sequensseq.; Exodus, liber Pentateuchi.Ex. 15,22 ; Exodus, liber Pentateuchi.Ex. 16,27 ; Leviticus, liber Pentateuchi.Lev. 5,22 ; Leviticus, liber Pentateuchi.Lev. 5,23 ; Regum liber biblicum I.1 Reg. 9,4 ; Liber Siracidae (Ecclesiasticus).Sir. 6,14 ; ረኪበ፡ መድፍን፡ Liber Siracidae (Ecclesiasticus).Sir. 40,18 ; ዘበዲበ፡ ምድር፡ ረከብከ፡ εὕρεμα Liber Siracidae (Ecclesiasticus).Sir. 29,4 ; Liber Siracidae (Ecclesiasticus).Sir. 29,6 ; Koheleth (Ecclesiastes), liber biblicus.Koh. 12,10 ; Matthaei Evangelium.Matth. 7,8 ; Matthaei Evangelium.Matth. 13,44 ; Lucae evangelium.Luc. 4,17 ; Lucae evangelium.Luc. 6,7 ; Lucae evangelium.Luc. 15,4 ; hominem Genesis liber Pentateuchi.Gen. 16,7 ; Genesis liber Pentateuchi.Gen. 36,24 ; Genesis liber Pentateuchi.Gen. 38,20 ; Genesis liber Pentateuchi.Gen. 38,23 ; Deuteronomium.Deut. 22,27 ; Deuteronomium.Deut. 24,1 ; Regum liber biblicum I.1 Reg. 9,13 ; Regum liber biblicum I.1 Reg. 10,2 ; Ruth liber biblicus.Ruth 2,22 ; Liber Siracidae (Ecclesiasticus).Sir. 12,27 ; not able to find explanation in abbreviation listDan. apocr. 1,21 ; not able to find explanation in abbreviation listDan. apocr. 1,38 ; Matthaei Evangelium.Matth. 2,8 ; Matthaei Evangelium.Matth. 18,28 ; nonnumquam reciperela, recuperarelaut Koheleth (Ecclesiastes), liber biblicus.Koh. 11,1 ; Ezrae Apocalypsis; citatur secundum capita et commata editionis Laurentianae.4 Esr. 10,22 ; construitur cumc.c.Acc.praedicati, ut: ረከብዎ፡ ውዱቀ፡ Regum liber biblicum I.1 Reg. 5,3 ; Regum liber biblicum I.1 Reg. 28,21 ; ከመዝ፡ ረከብኩ፡ ጽሑፈ፡ ውስተ፡ መጻሕፍት፡ Kufâle sive Liber Jubilaeorum Aethiopice, ed. A. Dillmann 1859. 4°; citantur capita libri; nonnumquam, praemisso p., paginae.Kuf. 21 ; Ezrae et Nehemiae libri canonici.2 Esr. 18,14 ; vel sequensseq. እንዘ፡ cumc.verbo fin., ut Jesaiae prophetia.Jes. 37,8 ; Matthaei Evangelium.Matth. 20,6 ; Matthaei Evangelium.Matth. 24,46 ; Matthaei Evangelium.Matth. 26,40 ; vel sequensseq.enuntiatione integra (sine conjunctione praemissa): ረከብናሆሙ፡ ይሰክቡ፡ ኅቡረ፡ not able to find explanation in abbreviation listDan. apocr. 1,38 ; ረከባሆሙ፡ ይቀውሙ፡ ህየ፡ ለሊቃውንት፡ Judith liber apocryphus.Judith 10,6 ; Tobit, liber apocryphus.Tob. 8,13 ; ad Romanos epistola Pauli.Rom. 7,21 .
a)viderela, perciperela, ut Marci Evangelium.Marc. 5,38 , quare saepissime ἰδού hoc verbo vertitur, videasvid.annot. ad Regum liber biblicum I.1 Reg. 4,13 ; ረከብኩ፡ ስቍረተ፡ ውስተ፡ አረፍት፡ ἰδοὺ ὀπή Hezekielis prophetia.Hez. 8,7 ; Hezekielis prophetia.Hez. 8,14 ; Ruth liber biblicus.Ruth 3,8 ; ወረከብክዎ፡ ይገብር፡ ግብሮ፡ Jeremiae prophetia.Jer. 18,3 .
b)censerela, existimarela; ad Romanos epistola Pauli.Rom. 3,28 ; vel እመሰ፡ ትረክብ፡ ሠናየ፡ wenn du es für gut findest Lud. e Vit. Sam.
c)inciderelaalicui vel in aliquem, improviso (supervenire) ad Thessalonicenses epistola Pauli I.1 Thess. 5,4 ; casu, fortuito, ut: ኢታብእ፡ ኵሎ፡ ሰብአ፡ ዘረከብከ፡ ውስተ፡ ቤትከ፡ Liber Siracidae (Ecclesiasticus).Sir. 11,29 ; Matthaei Evangelium.Matth. 22,9 ; ዘረከብከ፡ cuicumque inciderislai.e. quicumque fueritlavel qui primus se obtuleritla, ut: ኢትሢሙ፡ ኵሎ፡ ዘረከብክሙ፡ ne praeficiatis obvium quemcumquelanot able to find explanation in abbreviation listClem. f. 130 ; በከመ፡ ረከበ፡ quocumque moo inveneritlai.e. temerela, ut: አብድ፡ ወዝሉፍ፡ በከመ፡ ረከባ፡ ይነብብ፡ Liber Siracidae (Ecclesiasticus).Sir. 20,7 ; Liber Siracidae (Ecclesiasticus).Sir. 20,19 ; Liber Siracidae (Ecclesiasticus).Sir. 22,6 ( ἄκαιρος ); ኢትጠበብ፡ በከመ፡ ረከብከ፡ ἀκαίρως Liber Siracidae (Ecclesiasticus).Sir. 35,4 .
d)de eventis et casibus, potissimum adversis, n. 303
α)contigerela, acciderela, obvenirelaalicui, invaderelaaliquem, cumc.Acc.ut: ኢይረክቦ፡ እኩይ፡ ( ἀπαντήσει ) Liber Siracidae (Ecclesiasticus).Sir. 36,1 ; liber Jobi.Job 1,22 ; liber Jobi.Job 2,10 ; liber Jobi.Job 2,11 ; liber Jobi.Job 9,20 ; liber Jobi.Job 11,6 ( συμβαίνειν , ἀποβαίνειν ); በእንተ፡ ምንት፡ ረከበኒ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ኵሉ፡ Jeremiae prophetia.Jer. 13,22 ; Ezrae Apocalypsis; citatur secundum capita et commata editionis Laurentianae.4 Esr. 10,9 ; Ezrae Apocalypsis; citatur secundum capita et commata editionis Laurentianae.4 Esr. 10,21 ; Jonae prophetia.Jon. 1,7 ; Jeremiae prophetia.Jer. 5,12 ; Genesis liber Pentateuchi.Gen. 49,1 ; Psalmi, ex editione Ludolfi.Ps. 39,16 ; Psalmi, ex editione Ludolfi.Ps. 114,4 ; ad Timotheum epistola II.2 Tim. 3,11 ; etiam de praedictis: ረከቦ፡ ዝኩ፡ ኵሉ፡ ተኣምር፡ 1 Regum libri biblici I, II, III, IV.Reg. 10,9 ; ረከበነ፡ ዝመርገም፡ እኩይ፡ Baruchi liber apocryphus.Bar. 1,20 ; de sorte Evangelium Joannis.Joh. 19,24 ; et impersonaliter: accidit alicuila: በይእቲ፡ ዕለት፡ ረከባ፡ ለወለተ፡ ራጉኤል፡ συνέβη τῇ Tobit, liber apocryphus.Tob. 3,7 .
β)inciderelain casum i.e. eo attingila, cumc.Acc., ut: Numeri, liber Pentateuchi.Num. 20,14 ; ብዙኀ፡ ሕማመ፡ ረከበት፡ ብከ፡ Tobit, liber apocryphus.Tob. 4,4 ; በከመ፡ እከየ፡ ምግባሩ፡ ይረክብ፡ (v. ይረክቦ፡ ) Jesaiae prophetia.Jes. 3,11 ; ትሬኢ፡ እመ፡ ትረክቦ፡ ለቃልየ፡ εἰ ἐπικαταλήθεταί σε ὁ λόγος μου Numeri, liber Pentateuchi.Num. 11,23 ; Genesis liber Pentateuchi.Gen. 41,13 ; Genesis liber Pentateuchi.Gen. 49,10 .
e)cadere in aliquemla, ei convenirela: ዘይረክበከ፡ τὸ σόν ( quod tibi convenitla) Matthaei Evangelium.Matth. 20,14 ; ይርከቦ፡ ei conveniatlaEvangelium Joannis.Joh. 19,24 (nisi secundum 1,a exponere malueris: is possideat emalatunicam). – Voc. Ae.la: አድምዐ፡ ረከበ፡ ዘ፡ አገኘ።
information type values
PoS Subj.I,1IV,1I,1II,1III,1
transcription
translations applicando la immittendo la componendo la insidere la conscendere la equitare la vehi la potiri la assequi la invenire la adipisci la nancisci la assequi la obtinere la potiri la prolem nancisci cupivit la acquirere et possidere la habere la capere la occupare la ferire la assequi mente la invenire la reperire la deprehendere la recipere la recuperare la videre la percipere la censere la existimare la incidere la cuicumque incideris la quicumque fuerit la qui primus se obtulerit la ne praeficiatis obvium quemcumque la quocumque moo invenerit la temere la contigere la accidere la obvenire la invadere la accidit alicui la incidere la eo attingi la cadere in aliquem la convenire la quod tibi convenit la ei conveniat la is possideat ema la Voc. Ae. la
morphology Subj. Acc. Acc. Acc. Acc.
references Sir. 27,8 Sir. 15,17 Jud. 7,24 Gen. 31,23 Ps. 7,5 Rom. 9,30 Job 3,5 Jac. 4,2 Job 3,21 Job 11,18 Job 21,19 4 Esr. 8,66 1 Reg. 28,22 Ps. 20,8 Ruth 1,9 Matth. 11,29 Luc. 18,18 Gal. 3,22 Hebr. 9,12 Sx. Jac. 8 Gen. 33,8 Act. 22,18 Gal. 2,4 Marc. 9,50 Marc. 11,22 Marc. 14,7 Lev. 25,28 Lev. 25,47 Sir. 32,12 Sir. 10,27 Jos. 1,11 Jos. 6,20 Jos. 8,19 Jos. 8,21 Sir. 47,4 Koh. 3,11 Koh. 8,17 Jud. 14,12 Jud. 14,18 Gen. 11,2 Gen. 26,32 Gen. 31,32 Ex. 15,22 Ex. 16,27 Lev. 5,22 Lev. 5,23 1 Reg. 9,4 Sir. 6,14 Sir. 40,18 Sir. 29,4 Sir. 29,6 Koh. 12,10 Matth. 7,8 Matth. 13,44 Luc. 4,17 Luc. 6,7 Luc. 15,4 Gen. 16,7 Gen. 36,24 Gen. 38,20 Gen. 38,23 Deut. 22,27 Deut. 24,1 1 Reg. 9,13 1 Reg. 10,2 Ruth 2,22 Sir. 12,27 Dan. apocr. 1,21 Dan. apocr. 1,38 Matth. 2,8 Matth. 18,28 Koh. 11,1 4 Esr. 10,22 1 Reg. 5,3 1 Reg. 28,21 Kuf. 21 2 Esr. 18,14 Jes. 37,8 Matth. 20,6 Matth. 24,46 Matth. 26,40 Dan. apocr. 1,38 Judith 10,6 Tob. 8,13 Rom. 7,21 Marc. 5,38 1 Reg. 4,13 Hez. 8,7 Hez. 8,14 Ruth 3,8 Jer. 18,3 Rom. 3,28 1 Thess. 5,4 Sir. 11,29 Matth. 22,9 Clem. f. 130 Sir. 20,7 Sir. 20,19 Sir. 22,6 Sir. 35,4 Sir. 36,1 Job 1,22 Job 2,10 Job 2,11 Job 9,20 Job 11,6 Jer. 13,22 4 Esr. 10,9 4 Esr. 10,21 Jon. 1,7 Jer. 5,12 Gen. 49,1 Ps. 39,16 Ps. 114,4 2 Tim. 3,11 Reg. 10,9 Bar. 1,20 Joh. 19,24 Tob. 3,7 Num. 20,14 Tob. 4,4 Jes. 3,11 Num. 11,23 Gen. 41,13 Gen. 49,10 Matth. 20,14 Joh. 19,24
labels vid.coll.c.c.vid.seq.c.c.seq.c.seq.vid.c.c.
gender
case Acc.Acc.Acc.Acc.
bibliography
column n. 303

TraCES*ERC Advanced Grant TraCES (Grant Agreement 338756) and follow-up projects, English

Table/Text
rakaba
Grébaut
ረከበ፡ rakaba ይረክብ፡ , ይርከብ፡ «trouverfr, retrouverfr» ― አገኘ፡ Ms. BNFabb217, fol. 60v.
155
Leslau
ረከበ rakaba (yǝrkab) finden, geten, acquireen, obtainen, attainen, attainen, receiveen, gainen, reachen, take possession ofen, possessen, overtakeen, apprehenden, inventen, find outen, discoveren, perceiveen, supposeen; with indirect object suffixes come uponen, fall uponen, befallen, occuren, come to passen, happenen, be coming toen, be properen 469a
information type values
PoS
transcription rakaba rakaba rakaba
translations trouverfr retrouverfr finden geten acquireen obtainen attainen attainen receiveen gainen reachen take possession ofen possessen overtakeen apprehenden inventen find outen discoveren perceiveen supposeen come uponen fall uponen befallen occuren come to passen happenen be coming toen be properen
morphology
references
labels
gender
case
bibliography 155 469a
column
RevisionsCite this lemma
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added gr and les on 22.7.2024
  • Magdalena Krzyżanowska added sub on 22.7.2024
  • Leonard Bahr root on 14.2.2018
  • Pietro Maria Liuzzo fixed as per issues #109 on 15.7.2017
  • Pietro Maria Liuzzo added back a) and b) in [] on 15.7.2017
  • Andreas Ellwardt last updated txt file and doc file of Lexicon on 19.4.2017
  • Pietro Maria Liuzzo exported from lexicon to XML on 16.1.2017
  • Pietro Maria Liuzzo updated lexicon XML file adding nested senses on 16.1.2017
  • Andreas Ellwardt updated txt file and doc file of Lexicon on 22.11.2016
    ረከበ, lemma contributed by Andreas Ellwardt Pietro Maria Liuzzo Leonard Bahr Magdalena Krzyżanowska to the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae, ed. Alessandro Bausi, last modified on 2024-07-22 https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/Lb4723d4bc85b49db83ef512ef20c7047 , accessed on 2024-12-29

Attestations in the Beta maṣāḥǝft corpus

Load

This app is a prototype Beta version. Be aware that it might not be available at times also without prior notice, it might still crash or work only in part. The data is also undergoing continuous editorial work and the numeric results should not be used without caution. It has no proper style associated first of all and it is not meant to work in all browser and all machines. We assume you will have the latest Chrome for best experience and that you will have the NOTO font family installed on your machine. You should be able to use the app with any browser but we cannot guarantee even the minimum look and feel. Click the orange button if you want to report a problem, we are glad to keep track.

Among the many known issues and adjustments that are still to be carried out, note the following: particularly in Syriac and Arabic passages, at times, space between words is not correctly displayed; conversely, in some passages superfluous extra-spaces are displayed; Coptic entries might not be correctly displayed, especially if you do not have fonts for Coptic (see above).

Page number links will link you to the Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae online pdf version by Ran HaCohen. The correctness of the page link depends on the correctness of the data.