✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

Explore this page
Do you want to notify us of an error, please do so by writing an issue in our GitHub repository (click the envelope for a precomiled one).
On small screens, will show a navigation bar on the leftOpen Item Navigation
Edit Not sure how to do this? Have a look at the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines!
Hide pointersClick here to hide or show again the little arrows and small left pointing hands in this page.
Hide relatedClick here to hide or show again the right side of the content area, where related items and keywords are shown.
EntryMain Entry
TEI/XMLDownload an enriched TEI file with explicit URIs bibliography from Zotero API.
SyntaxeSee graphs of the information available. If the manuscript contains relevant information, then you will see visualizations based on La Syntaxe du Codex, by Andrist, Canart and Maniaci.
RelationsFurther visualization of relational information
TranscriptionTranscription (as available). Do you have a transcription you want to contribute? Contact us or click on EDIT and submit your contribution.
Request Images from Ethio-SPaReSend an email to Ethio-SPaRe Project leader to request to make the images of this manuscript available here.

Gāntā ʾAfašum, Maḵodʿa Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, GKM-002

Abreham Adugna (cataloguer), Denis Nosnitsin

This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the catalogue bibliography

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/ESgkm002
Maḵodʿa Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat[view repository]

Collection: Ethio-SPaRe

Places IndexPersons IndexGeneralDescriptionPhysical DescriptionCatalogueAuthors

General description

Taʾammǝra Māryām “Miracles of Mary” / Taʾammǝra ʾIyasus “Miracles of Jesus” / Excerpts from the Bible

Number of Text units: 2

Number of Codicological units: 1

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Origin

Original Location: Mäḵodʿä Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat / GKM↗

check the viewer2r-11v in quire A date to the early 18th cent.

Summary

I) Taʾammǝra Māryām “Miracles of Mary” (fols. 13ra-61ra) I-1) Maṣḥafa śǝrʿāt, Introductory rite of al-Muʿallaqah (fols. 13ra-17va) I-2) Introductory exhortation (fols.17vb-19ra) I-3) ʾƎsaggǝd laki wa-ʾǝweddǝsaki… “I worship Thee …” (fols. 19ra-21ra) I-4) Taʾammǝra Māryām "Miracles of Mary": 33 miracles (fols. 21ra-61ra) II) Taʾammǝra ʾIyasus “Miracles of Jesus”: 15 miracles (fols. 61rb-86vb) III) Excerpts from the book of the Old and New Testaments and the missal (?)(fols. 87r-93r) Additiones 1-4.
  1. ms_i1 (),
  2. ms_i2 (),

Contents

Incipit ( ):

Explicit ( ):

The miracles of Texts I and II are numbered.

Additions In this unit there are in total 1 .

  1. check the viewerf. 12ra

    -vb: Excerpt from the hymn ʾƎsaggǝd la-malakotǝka ...

    check the viewer12ra- vb: በስመ" ... እሰግድ᎓ ለመለኮትከ ... check the viewer12ra- vb: In the name of the father … I worship Thy Godhead …

  2. check the viewerf. 94r

    : Donation note.

    check the viewer94r : ዝመፅሐፍ᎓ ዘወሀባ᎓ ለታቦተ᎓ ኪዳነ᎓ ምህረት᎓ አቡነ᎓ ገረመስቀል᎓ ለታቦተ᎓ ኪዳነ᎓ ምህረት᎓ ከመ᎓ ይኩኖ᎓ መርሀ᎓ ለመንግስተ᎓ ሰማያት᎓ መሰለ[sic]᎓ እህቱ᎓ ወለተ᎓  ኪዳን᎓ ወለተ᎓ ወለተ[sic]᎓ ስላሴ᎓ ዘሰረቆ᎓ ወዘፈሀቆ᎓ በስልጣነ᎓ ጴጥሮስ᎓ ወጳውሎስ᎓᎓ ያድህኖ᎓ ውስተ᎓ ሀቄ᎓ ሰነን᎓ check the viewer94r : This book is which ʾabuna Gärämasqal donated to the tabot of Kidāna Mǝhrät so that it might be for him the guide to the Kingdom of Heaven, with his sisters Walatta Kidān, Walatta Śǝllāse … Crudly written.

  3. check the viewerf. 94v

    : Miracle of the Trinity worked “in the land of Ram”.

    Written in a recent hand in vivid violet ink. Gabra Takla Hāymānot is mentioned in the supplication formula.

  4. check the viewerf. 95r

    : Ownership note.

    The note is crudely written in pencil by Yǝhdägo, the son of Gabra Masqal who is the donor of the Ms.

Extras

  1. check the viewer25ra check the viewer9v check the viewer13va check the viewer17r check the viewer20ra check the viewer1r

    - Spaces for rubrication left unfilled: e.g., , 30va, 31va-vb, 32va, 34rb, 34va, 35ra, 36va-vb, 37va, 40ra-rb, 41vb, 43ra-rb, 44ra, 44vb, 45ra, 46ra-rb, 47va, 48va-vb. - Writing exercises: , 11v. - Words or passages erased: , 14rb, 20vb, 63va. - Corrections written interlineally: , 18ra, 20va-vb, 24ra, 37va, 38vb. - Immediate correction marked by thin lines above and below the word: . - Pen trial: .

  2. (Type: findingAid)

    - Notes in the upper margins (in a secondary hand) referring to the content of the Text and the occasion to read it: fols. 69r, 73r, 76r, 77r, 79r, 82r.

Decoration In this unit there are in total 2 , 10 s.

Miniatures notes

  1. miniature: check the viewerFol. 2v:

    Two monks.

    Legend: ስዕለ᎓ መነኮሳት᎓ [ዘደብረ᎓ ገነት] “Image of monks [of Däbrä Gännät]“. Painted on an unruled leaf.
  2. miniature: check the viewerFol. 3r:

    Two monks.

    Painted on an unruled leaf.
  3. miniature: check the viewerFol. 4v:

    A king on the throne in presence of two servants.

    Legend: ስዕለ᎓ ንጉሥ᎓ (ድብ᎓ ፀር᎓ ንጉሥ᎓ ወዓሊ) “Image of King Dǝbb Ḍär; the King and (his) servant“. Painted on an unruled leaf.
  4. miniature: check the viewerFol. 5v:

    Two monks.

    Legend: ዕሉኒ᎓ መነኮሳት᎓ “Those (are) monks“.Painted on an unruled leaf.
  5. miniature: check the viewerFol. 6r:

    Two monks.

    Painted on an unruled leaf.
  6. miniature: check the viewerFol. 7v:

    Percussio capitis.

    Painted on an unruled leaf.
  7. miniature: check the viewerFol. 8r:

    The Virgin with her Child.

    Painted on an unruled leaf.
  8. miniature: check the viewerFol. 9r: A monk depicted twice:

    one time half naked, receiving flogging, another time in a monastic dress.

    Legend: [ዘከመ᎓ ቀሰፎ᎓ ድብ᎓ ፀር᎓ ንጉሥ᎓ ለአቡነ᎓ እስጢፋኖስ᎓] “How King Dǝbb Ḍär had ʾabuna ʾƎsṭifanos flagellated“. Painted on an unruled leaf. The legend is written crudely in pencil in a recent hand.
  9. miniature: check the viewerFol. 10v:

    Two monks.

    Legend: ዝኒ᎓ ከማሁ᎓ መነኮ[ሳ]ት᎓ “And this is, likewise, monks“. Painted on an unruled leaf.
  10. miniature: check the viewerFol. 11r:

    Two monks.

    Painted on an unruled leaf.

Other Decorations

  1. drawing: check the viewerf. 3v:

    Several human figures.

  2. drawing: check the viewerf. 5r:

    Human figure, sitting.

Catalogue Bibliography

This manuscript has no restorations.

Physical Description

Form of support

Parchment Codex

Extent

Made of 95.0 (leaf) , Entered as 95.0 folios, of which (leaf, blank) .Entered as blank 1r, 1v, 2r, 4r, 6v, 7r, 8v, 10r, in 12.0 (quire) .Entered as 12.0 quires (11+A). 218 180 55
Outer dimensions
Height 218
Width 180
Depth 55

Foliation

Quire Structure Collation

Signatures: Decorated - Decorated quire marks: 13r, 21r, 29r, 37r, 45r, 53r, 61r, 69r, 77r, 85r.

Position Number Leaves Quires Description
1 12 Fols. 12, Fols 1r–12v <A(12/fols. 1r-12v)>
2 8 Fols 13r–20v ፩I(8/fols. 13r-20v)
3 8 Fols 21r–28v ፪II(8/fols. 21r-28v)
4 8 Fols 29r–36v ፫III(8/fols. 29r-36v)
5 8 Fols 37r–44v ፬IV(8/fols. 37r-44v)
6 8 Fols 45r–52v ፭V(8/fols. 45r-52v)
7 8 Fols 53r–60v ፮VI(8/fols. 53r-60v)
8 8 Fols 61r–68v ፯VII(8/fols. 61r-68v)
9 8 Fols 69r–76v ፰VIII(8/fols. 69r-76v)
10 8 Fols 77r–84v ፱IX(8/fols. 77r-84v)
11 8 Fols 85r–92v ፲X(8/fols. 85r-92v)
12 3 Fols 93r–95v, Fols 2r–11v XI(3; s.l.: 2, stub after 1/fols. 93r-95v). In quire A, fols. 2r-11v of different size (perhaps originating from an older manuscript), were added later.

Collation diagrams


<A(12/fols. 1r-12v)>
Quire ID:q1
Collation diagram Quire 1 1 12 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5 Unit #6

፩I(8/fols. 13r-20v)
Quire ID:q2
Collation diagram Quire 2 13 20 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፪II(8/fols. 21r-28v)
Quire ID:q3
Collation diagram Quire 3 21 28 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፫III(8/fols. 29r-36v)
Quire ID:q4
Collation diagram Quire 4 29 36 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፬IV(8/fols. 37r-44v)
Quire ID:q5
Collation diagram Quire 5 37 44 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፭V(8/fols. 45r-52v)
Quire ID:q6
Collation diagram Quire 6 45 52 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፮VI(8/fols. 53r-60v)
Quire ID:q7
Collation diagram Quire 7 53 60 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፯VII(8/fols. 61r-68v)
Quire ID:q8
Collation diagram Quire 8 61 68 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፰VIII(8/fols. 69r-76v)
Quire ID:q9
Collation diagram Quire 9 69 76 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፱IX(8/fols. 77r-84v)
Quire ID:q10
Collation diagram Quire 10 77 84 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲X(8/fols. 85r-92v)
Quire ID:q11
Collation diagram Quire 11 85 92 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XI(3; s.l.: 2, stub after 1/fols. 93r-95v). In quire A, fols. 2r-11v of different size (perhaps originating from an older manuscript), were added later.
Quire ID:q12
Collation diagram Quire 12 93 95 Unit #1 Unit #2

Ethio-SPaRe formula : I(12/Fols. 12, Fols 1r–12v) – II(8/Fols 13r–20v) – III(8/Fols 21r–28v) – IV(8/Fols 29r–36v) – V(8/Fols 37r–44v) – VI(8/Fols 45r–52v) – VII(8/Fols 53r–60v) – VIII(8/Fols 61r–68v) – IX(8/Fols 69r–76v) – X(8/Fols 77r–84v) – XI(8/Fols 85r–92v) – XII(2+1/s.l. 2, stub after 1/Fols 93r–95v, Fols 2r–11v) –

Formula: Fols. 12, Fols 1r–12v <A(12/fols. 1r-12v)> ; Fols 13r–20v ፩I(8/fols. 13r-20v) ; Fols 21r–28v ፪II(8/fols. 21r-28v) ; Fols 29r–36v ፫III(8/fols. 29r-36v) ; Fols 37r–44v ፬IV(8/fols. 37r-44v) ; Fols 45r–52v ፭V(8/fols. 45r-52v) ; Fols 53r–60v ፮VI(8/fols. 53r-60v) ; Fols 61r–68v ፯VII(8/fols. 61r-68v) ; Fols 69r–76v ፰VIII(8/fols. 69r-76v) ; Fols 77r–84v ፱IX(8/fols. 77r-84v) ; Fols 85r–92v ፲X(8/fols. 85r-92v) ; Fols 93r–95v, Fols 2r–11v XI(3; s.l.: 2, stub after 1/fols. 93r-95v). In quire A, fols. 2r-11v of different size (perhaps originating from an older manuscript), were added later.;

Formula 1: 1 (12), 2 (8), 3 (8), 4 (8), 5 (8), 6 (8), 7 (8), 8 (8), 9 (8), 10 (8), 11 (8), 12 (3),

Formula 2: 1 (12), 2 (8), 3 (8), 4 (8), 5 (8), 6 (8), 7 (8), 8 (8), 9 (8), 10 (8), 11 (8), 12 (3),

State of preservation

good

Condition

The spine cover is missing. Holes repaired: e.g., check the viewer17 , 24, 33, 46, 61, 63.

Binding

Two wooden boards covered with reddish brown tooled leather (the spine cover is missing). Two pairs of sewing stations.

Binding decoration

Small holes are visible in the centre fold of the quires. Traces of the endband stitches.

Binding material

wood

leather

Original binding

Yes

Layout

Layout note 1

Number of columns: 2

Number of lines: 20

H 148mm
W 65mm
Intercolumn 14mm
Margins
top 19
bottom 45
right 19
left 9
intercolumn 14
All data for check the viewer14r .

Ms Gāntā ʾAfašum, Maḵodʿa Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, GKM-002 main part

looks ok for measures computed width is: 93mm, object width is: 180mm, computed height is: 212mm and object height is: 218mm.

Layout note 1

Ruling
  • (Subtype: pattern) Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.
  • The upper line is written above the ruling.
  • The bottom line is written above the ruling.
Pricking
  • Ruling and pricking are visible.
  • Primary pricks are visible.
  • Ruling pricks are visible.

Palaeography

  • Hand 1

    Scribe: Gabra Wahǝd scribe

    Script: Ethiopic

    Mediocre

    Ink: Black, red (vivid scarlet)

    Rubrication: Nomina sacra; a few lines on the incipit page of Texts I and III, alternating with black lines; incipit of Text II; two initial lines of each section; elements of the punctuation signs; numbers of miracles; elements of Ethiopic numerals; some words like salām (e.g., fols. 17ra, 16vb), hale luya (e.g., fols. 15vb, 16rb, 61ra), sǝbḥat (fol. 61ra).

    Date: 19th century

    Gabra Wahǝd scribe Gabra Wahǝd is mentioned as the scribe in the supplication formula (check the viewer87rb ).19th century

    Abbreviations

  • ይካ᎓(- - -) for ይበል᎓ ካህን (e.g., check the viewer89va , 90rb)
  • ይዲ᎓(- - -) for ይበል᎓ ዲያቆን (e.g., check the viewer88va , 89ra, 90ra)
  • ይሕ᎓(- - -) for ይበል᎓ ሕዝብ (e.g., check the viewer89ra )


    • Publication Statement

    authority
    Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
    pubPlace
    Hamburg
    publisher
    Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
    availability

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.

    date
    2016-06-07T17:39:52.598+02:00
    date
    type=expanded
    2022-01-05T13:36:28.446+01:00
    date
    type=lastModified
    10.5.2016
    idno
    type=collection
    manuscripts
    idno
    type=url
    https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESgkm002
    idno
    type=URI
    https://betamasaheft.eu/ESgkm002
    idno
    type=filename
    ESgkm002.xml
    idno
    type=ID
    ESgkm002

    Encoding Description

    Encoded according to TEI P5 Guidelines.

    Encoded according to the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines. These Guidelines detail the TEI format ruled by the Beta maṣāḥǝft Schema. The present TEI file is enriched with an Xquery transformation taking advantage of the exist-db database instance where the data is stored and of the many external resources to which this data points to.

    Definitions of prefixes used.

    Select one of the keywords listed from the record to see related data

    No keyword selected.
    This page contains RDFa. RDF+XML graph of this resource. Alternate representations available via VoID.
    Permalinks
    Hypothes.is public annotations pointing here

    Use the tag BetMas:ESgkm002 in your public hypothes.is annotations which refer to this entity.

    Suggested Citation of this record

    To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

    Abreham Adugna, Denis Nosnitsin, Alessandro Bausi, Stéphane Ancel, Pietro Maria Liuzzo, ʻGāntā ʾAfašum, Maḵodʿa Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, GKM-002ʼ, in Alessandro Bausi, ed., Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2016-05-10) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESgkm002 [Accessed: 2024-05-17]

    Revisions of the data

    • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: transformed from mycore to TEI P5 on 10.5.2016
    • Stéphane Ancel Stéphane Ancel: last edited in Ethio-SPaRe on 20.8.2014
    • Abreham Adugna Abreham Adugna: catalogued in Ethio-SPaRe on 30.4.2013
    • Denis Nosnitsin: Ethio-SPaRe team photographed the manuscript on 4.12.2010

    Attributions of the contents

    Stéphane Ancel, contributor

    Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.